Levkoy

Chomera chonga Levka (Matthiola) chimatchedwanso matthiola. Zimakhudzana ndi mtundu wa herbaceous chaka ndi ma perennials a banja lopachikidwa kapena kabichi. Mwachilengedwe, levok imatha kupezeka kumwera kwa Europe, Africa ndi madera oyandikana ndi Asia. Monga gawo la mtunduwu, pali mitundu 20-50. Chomera choterocho chimakongoletsa ndi maluwa onunkhira. R. Brown adapereka dzina lachi Latin ku duwa lino polemekeza M-Italy Mattioli, sing'anga komanso katswiri wazomera yemwe adakhala m'zaka za zana la 16. Dzina loti Levka limachokera ku Chitaliyana, ku Germany kapena ku Latin. Chowonadi ndi chakuti m'zilankhulo izi pali mawu ofananawo. Kuchokera ku Greek "Levka" amatanthauziridwa kuti "violet yoyera." M'zaka za zana la 20, chomera choterocho chimatha kupezeka pafupifupi paki iliyonse ndi dimba, koma m'zaka za zana la 21 maluwa oterowo adatuluka mu mafashoni pazifukwa zina. Zikatero, ngati mumakonda mawonekedwe a paki, ndiye kuti maluwa ndi omwe mukufuna.

Zina levkoy

Levkoy ndi mtundu wa herbaceous kapena shrub yomwe imatha kukhala osatha, yopanda zaka, kapena pachaka. Kutalika kwa nthambi zopindika kumatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera pa 0,2 mpaka 0,8 metres, yokutidwa ndi mulu kapena wopanda. Ma pepala a Lanceolate kapena oblong amatha kukhala ndi m'malire kapena cholimba. Kukula kwa mtundu wamtundu kapena mawonekedwe owoneka ngati kanyumba kumakhala ndi maluwa osavuta kapena awiri omwe amatha kupaka utoto wofiirira, wofiirira, oyera ndi wachikasu. Maluwa amawonedwa mu June-November. Chipatsochi ndi nyemba zamkati, mkati mwake muli mbewu zanthete zopyapyala. Fungo lochokera ku maluwa a levkoy silingasokonezedwe ndi lina lililonse. Mitundu yokhala ndi maluwa osavuta imawonedwa ngati mbewu zabwino za uchi, pomwe mitundu ya terry ndi chinthu chokongoletsera chabwino m'munda uliwonse. Aliyense akhoza kukula duwa loterolo, ngakhale anthu omwe sakutengako dimba.

Kukula Leukkoy kuchokera ku mbewu

Kufesa

Musanayambe kufesa, muyenera kukonzekera njere. Kuti muchite izi, mumawanyowa kwa maola 24 m'madzi, kenako ndikuyika chokoleti chothira ndikuyika pafiriji kwa masiku angapo kuti mutulutsidwe. Kufesa mbewu za mbande kumachitika m'masiku omaliza a Marichi, kapena oyamba - mu Epulo - m'mabokosi kapena mumtsuko, zomwe ziyenera kuyamba zadzazidwa ndi zosakanizika ndi dothi, zomwe zimaphatikizapo dothi ndi mchenga (3: 1). Kufesa kumachitika pang'ono, pomwe kufesa mbewu kumayenera kukhala theka la sentimita. Kenako chimbacho chimakutidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi ndikuchikonzanso mwachangu (kuchokera madigiri 20 mpaka 22) ndi malo amdima. Mbande zoyambirira nthawi zina zimatha kuwoneka patatha masiku 4-5, komabe, zimatha kuwonekera ngakhale pakatha theka la mwezi.

Mbande

Mbewu zoyambirira zikaonekera, malo ogona amafunika kuchotsedwa, ndipo botolo liyenera kukonzedwanso m'malo abwino ndi owala, izi sizimalola kuti mbewuzo zitambasuke. Kutentha kofunikira pakukula mbande kumachokera ku madigiri 10 mpaka 12, motero, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti zotengera zisunthidwe kupita ku veranda yosasunthika kapena khonde lotetezedwa. Patatha masiku awiri mbande yoyamba itawonekera, adzafunikira kuthiriridwa madzi koyamba. Pakadutsa masiku 10-12, mbande ziyenera kuyimbidwa mumiphika umodzi ndikutseguka kwa madzi. Iyenera kudzazidwa ndi zosakanikirana zapadziko lapansi, zopangidwa ndi turf ndi nthaka yamasamba ndi mchenga, zomwe ziyenera kutengedwa mu chiyerekezo cha 2: 2: 1. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti pofika nthawi imeneyi mbewu sizikhala ndi tsamba limodzi lokhazikika. Mukalowetsa mbande mgawo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuthira hydrogel, yomwe imalimbitsa mizu ya mbewu. Chakumapeto, komanso zamitundu iwiri, ngati mukufuna, chitha kulowa mu dothi lotseguka. Kudyetsa koyamba kuyenera kuchitika mbewu zikayamba kukhazikika tsamba lachiwiri. Feteleza wa Micronutrient ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito podyetsa, chifukwa, 0,3 magalamu a boric acid ndi sulfate yamkuwa ndi 0,1 magalamu a manganese sulfate ndi zinc sulfate amatengedwa pa lita imodzi yamadzi. Mbande za mbewu zotere ziyenera kukhwimitsidwa. Kuti muchite izi, yambani kutsegula zenera pang'onopang'ono kwa nthawi yochepa, pomwe nthawi yowonjezerayo ikukula pang'onopang'ono. Mapeto ake, maluwa ayenera kusungidwa ndi zenera lotseguka kwathunthu. Yambani kuumitsa mbande zikuyenera kukhala masabata 1-1.5 musanabzike panthaka.

Kubzala levkoy poyera

Nthawi yoti afike

Miche ya Levkoy iyenera kubzalidwa m'masiku otsiriza a Meyi. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusankha mitambo kapena chomera chamadzulo, chifukwa kutentha kwa dzuwa kumatha kuwononga mbande zomwe zingobzalidwa kumene. Pakubzala matthiola, dera lomwe mbewu zobetchera m'mbuyomu sizinakhalepo, apo ayi mtengowo wopachikika umatha kuwononga maluwa. Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti dothi lochokera pamalo oterewa sioyeneranso kudzaza mbande zokulira mbande zakumanzere, chifukwa pamakhala kuthekera kwakukulu kuti mbewuyo ipeza mwendo wakuda kapena keel.

Mukamasankha malo oti mubzale, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mbewu zotere zimafunikira dzuwa ndi dothi lokwanira, chifukwa ngati dothi limasunthika, izi zimatha kuvulaza mbali yakumanzere. Dothi liyenera kukhala losalowerera kapena lamchere pang'ono, lodzaza ndi michere komanso bwino ngati lili sod-loamy kapena sod-loamy. Manyowa nthaka isanabzalidwe pokhapokha itatha.

Momwe mungabzalire

Choyamba muyenera kukonza mabowo, kenako ndikudzaza ndi madzi. Kubzala kumafunika kuchitika mwachindunji m'matope, izi zimathandiza kuti mbewu zizitha kusintha mwachangu zinthu zatsopano. Mabowo akadzaza ndi dothi, ayenera kukhala ophatikizidwa bwino. Mtunda pakati pa mitundu yosakhazikika ndi imodzi-tsinde uyenera kukhala pafupifupi 15-20 sentimita, komanso pakati pa nthambi zazitali ndi zazitali - kuchokera 25 mpaka 30 sentimita.

Levko amasamalira m'munda

Chofunikira kwambiri mukamakula matthiola muyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti chimavulaza kwambiri chilala chomwe chimakhala nthawi yayitali komanso kuthirira kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kokulirapo komanso koyenera mwadongosolo. Komanso, posamalira chomera chotere, ndikofunikira kuti udzu mu nthawi yake ndikutsegulira nthaka m'deralo, ndipo izi zimayenera kuchitika nthawi iliyonse chomera chikadz kuthirira. Kuchokera kwachilengedwe, phulusa lamatanda lokha ndi loyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakudyetsa, koma ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wophatikiza ndi mchere. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yamasika, feteleza wathunthu azitsulo ayenera kuwonjezeredwa m'nthaka yomwe matthiola amakula, ndipo nthawi ya maluwa, feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito podyetsa. Ngati mumabzala matthiola osatha, ndiye kuti mukukumbukira kuti mchaka chomwe wabzala, sayenera kuumbika.

Kubala kwa Levkoy

Mutha kubzala matthiola kuchokera ku mbewu, ngati mukufuna mbewu zoterezi zikukula m'dera lanu nyengo yonseyi, muyenera kuzifesa masabata 1.5-2 alionse. Terry matthiola ndi wosabereka, komabe, zidadziwika kuti maluwa otumphuka amatuluka kuchokera ku nthanga zomwe adazipanga kuchokera kumatchi okhazikitsidwa ndi maluwa osavuta, pomwe amayenera kukhala ndi mapira amafupipafupi osindikizidwa kuti awombere mpaka kumapeto. Zomera zomwe zimatoleredwa kuchokera ku zitsamba zotere, mbewu zimatha kumera ndi maluwa osavuta komanso owirikiza kawiri pa 1: 1. Pakulima mbande, mutha kuyesa kusankha chomera chamaluwa awiri, ngati kuli kotheka. Kuti izi zitheke, mbeu iyenera kusungidwa pa kutentha kwa 12 mpaka 15 digiri. Pambuyo pake, amasamukira kuchipinda masiku angapo, komwe kutentha kwa mpweya ndi madigiri 6-8, pakadali pano mutha kuwona kusiyana. Zomera zokhala ndi maluwa awiri, masamba a cotyledonous adzakhala okulirapo osati owala. Ngati ndi kotheka, ndizotheka kusankha tchire lokhala ndi maluwa awiri, pomwe mphukira zotsala zimachotsedwa.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Nthambi yopachika imatha kuyambitsa vuto lalikulu pamera lotere. Kuti tichotse tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, njira yothetsera phulusa iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Chithandizo cha tchire lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi chida chotere ziyenera kuchitika nthawi 1 m'masiku 4-5, pomwe ziyenera kubwerezedwa katatu. Mukakonza, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti yankho likugwera kutsogolo ndi mbali yolakwika ya masamba. Pomwe pali utitiri wambiri, mankhwala ophera tizilomboti adzafunika kuwagwiritsa ntchito kuwawononga, mwachitsanzo: Decis, Aktara, Actellik, Bankol ndi Intavir.

Mattiola nthawi zambiri amadwala ndi mwendo wakuda. M'tchire lomwe lili ndi kachilombo, gawo loyambira limayamba kukhala lofiirira, ndipo pakapita kanthawi limasanduka lakuda. Ndikosatheka kuchiritsa toyesa chotere, koma matenda amatha kupewedwa, chifukwa, asanadzalemo mbande, chithandizo chomera ndi Hom chikuyenera kuchitidwa. Poterepa, ngakhale dziko lapansi litakhala ndi kachilombo ka mwendo wakuda, mbewuzo sizikhala ndi matendawa.

Levkoy pambuyo maluwa

Kutolera mbewu

Mbewu zimakhwima mu Seputembala kapena Okutobala. Yembekezani mpaka nyemba zanu zitasintha mtundu kukhala zofiirira, kenako ndikutulutsa chitsamba kwathunthu ndi muzu, ndikuyika m'chipinda chotsegukira bwino. Yembekezani mpaka liume kwathunthu. Ma podu owuma amafunika kuti azikhadzulidwa ndipo mbewu zimatulutsidwa mwa iwo.

Kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu

Ngati Levka wakula m'dera lozizira, ndiye kuti amalimidwa monga mbewu zapachaka. Pamenepa, m'dzinja, mbewu zimayenera kutulutsidwa m'nthaka zisanatheretu. Zinyalala zobzalidwa zidzafunika kutayidwa, ndipo dera lomwe lamanzere kumanzere, lizimbidwa. Ngati nyengo yotentha imakhala yocheperako, ndiye kuti zipatso zitayamba, tchire liyenera kudulidwa pansi. Ngati mungafune, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito dzanja lanu lamanzere kukongoletsa nyumba yanu nthawi yozizira, chifukwa chake muyenera kukumba chitsamba ndikuchichotsa mu mphika wamaluwa.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya levkoy yokhala ndi chithunzi

Levkoy imvi (Matthiola incana) - mtundu uwu ndiwotchuka kwambiri pachikhalidwe. Dziko lakwawo ndi Zilumba za Canary ndi Mediterranean. Kutalika kwa mbewu yozizira yosasamba imeneyi kumatha kukhala 0,3 mpaka 0,7 m. Magawo akuluakulu amtundu wokhala ndi masamba amatha kukhala owoneka ngati diamondi kapena yopapatiza. Mtundu wawo ndi wakuda kapena wobiriwira, pomwe masamba amatha kupindika kapena kubala. Wotseka kapena wobala mtundu wa inflemose inflorescence amakhala ndi maluwa 10-60. Maluwa ndiwopepuka ndipo amawonedwa mu June-Novembala, pomwe madera akumwera, matthiolou, okhala ndi maluwa, amatha kukumana ndi nyengo yozizira. Mbewu zamtunduwu wa levkoy zimatha kugwira ntchito kwa zaka 4-6. Kupangidwa kuyambira 1570. Pakadali pano mitundu pafupifupi 600 yamitundu iyi imadziwika. Zosiyanasiyana zimagawidwa ndi maluwa nthawi yotentha, yophukira komanso nthawi yozizira. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yamaluwa a chilimwe. Zosiyanasiyana zimagawidwanso ndi kutalika: okwera (0.5-0.7 m), apakati (0.3-0.5 m) ndi otsika (0.15-0.3 m).

Zitsulo zimagawidwanso m'magulu a inflorescence m'magulu 8:

1. Mbale (Victoria). Tchire tating'ono tating'ono totalika titha kutalika kuchokera pa 25 mpaka 35 sentimita. Ma inflorescence akuluakulu komanso ofananira nawo amapezeka pamtunda womwewo. Maluwa onenepa ndi gawo la inflorescence wandiweyani komanso wapakatikati, womwe ungafike kuyambira 3 mpaka 3.5 cm. Kutalika kwa maluwa kuyambira masiku 50 mpaka 75. Zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi gululi ndizapakatikati. Amamera nthawi zambiri mu rabatka, mabedi amaluwa, miphika ndikugwiritsa ntchito kudula.
2. Bomba lamphamvu kwambiri. Tchire limakhala ndi masamba ndi mawonekedwe akulu a piramidi. Kutalika kwawo kumasiyana masentimita 45 mpaka 60. Mtundu waukulu wa inflorescence ndi waukulu (m'mimba mwake kuchokera pa 15 mpaka 25 sentimita) ndipo umamasuka, umamasuka mwachangu kuposa woyamba, ndipo umakhala ndi maluwa owirikiza kawiri. Kutalika kwa maluwa kuyambira masiku 45 mpaka 50. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse yamaluwa imachedwa ndipo nthawi zambiri imakulidwa kuti idulidwe.
3. Quedlinburg. Pa chomera choterocho, maluwa osavuta amakhalanso. Mitundu yomwe ikuphatikizidwa ndi gawoli imagawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono:

a) Machedwa patchire. Tchire la Shirokopyramidalnye kutalika limafikira kuyambira 0,5 mpaka 06.6 Masamba obiriwira obiriwira ndi amtali, amtundu kapena lanceolate, okhala ndi m'mphepete lolimba kapena losagwirizana. Malilime a maluwa okhathamira amatha kufikika masentimita 4 mpaka 5, ali gawo la inflorescence, kutalika kwake kumasiyana 20 mpaka 50 cm. Imayamba kuphuka mu Julayi.

b) Tchire lalitali kwambiri. Kubalalitsa tchire kutalika kumatha kufika masentimita 45 mpaka 60. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira amatha kukhala obovate, yopapatiza, yosamveka kapena lanceolate, m'mphepete mwake ndi osalala kapena wavy. Kutalika kwa inflorescences kumayambira 13 mpaka 20 sentimita, kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi mitundu yayikulu ya maluwa akulu, omwe kutalika kwake ndiko kuyambira 4 mpaka 5 sentimita. Maluwa amayamba mu Juni ndipo amatenga masiku 55 mpaka 60.

c) Zomera zosachepera zomata. Kutalika kwake kumatha kusiyana 25 mpaka 40 sentimita. Tchire lolimba lolimba kapena lopanda matayala okhala ndi mawonekedwe. Masamba amtundu wamtundu wobiriwira amatha kukhala lanceolate kapena oval. Malilimita a maluwa a terry afika masentimita 4 mpaka 4,5, ali gawo la inflorescence, kutalika kwake kuyambira 12 mpaka 20 sentimita. Maluwa amayamba mu Juni ndipo amatenga masiku 40 mpaka 65.

d) Zolocha zisanu ndi chimodzi. Mawonekedwe a piramidi a zitsamba zokhala ndi masamba awiri okha kapena ofowoka pang'ono amatha kutalika kuyambira 0,5 mpaka 0,8 masamba. Masamba amtundu wa masamba obovate kapena oblong. Kutalika kwa inflorescences lotayirira kumasiyana kuchokera ku 0,2 mpaka 0,6 m, amakhala ndi maluwa, omwe mulifupi mwake ndi mainchesi 4-6. Umayamba kutulutsa mu June ndipo umatha miyezi 1-2.

4. Yophuka-nthambi (Erfurt). Zomera zofooka zochepa zokhala ndi matalala zazitali zitha kufalikira kuyambira 0,3 mpaka 0.4 mita. Mapepala akuluakulu okhala ndi imvi lalikulu amakhala ndi m'mphepete mwamphamvu komanso mawonekedwe owumbika. Chochititsa chidwi ndi gulu lotere ndikuti kuyika kwa mphukira zamtundu kumachitika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mbewu za magulu ena. Potere, inflorescence yapakati imakhala pamwamba pa oyamba nawo. Malilimita a maluwa a convex amachokera masentimita atatu mpaka 4. Maluwa amayamba mu Juni ndipo amatha kuyambira milungu 4 mpaka 8. Amakulitsa maluwa otere m'miphika, komanso kudula.
5. Mtengo waukulu wamaluwa akuluakulu wokhala ngati maluwa. Nthambi za kumtengo pamwamba ndipo zili ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 100. Zidutswa zazikulu zazitali zazingwe zimakhala ndi m'mphepete mwavy. Dongosolo la maluwa ndi mainchesi 4-6, ndipo ali gawo la inflorescence yayikulu. Maluwa amayamba mu June ndipo amatha pafupifupi masabata 8. Maluwa oterewa amakulitsidwa kuchotsera, m'minda yamagulu ndi kudula.
6. Tsinde limodzi. Tchire limatha kutalika kwa 0,5 mpaka 0,8 mita. Utali wamaluwa akuluakulu, ofala kwambiri ndi pafupifupi masentimita 5-6, ndi gawo limodzi lama inflorescence olimba. Mapepala akuluakulu okhala ndi miyala ya diamondi amakhala ndi m'mphepete kapena mwamawondo. Maluwa amayamba mu Juni ndipo amatha pafupifupi masabata anayi. Nthawi zambiri imakulidwa kuti idulidwe.
7. Pyramidal. Zosiyanasiyana pagululi zimagawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kukula:

a) Zazikulu zazikulu zamaluwa. Mitundu yapakatikati-koyambirira yomwe imatha kukhala yayitali (mpaka 0.8 m wamtali ndi pamwamba) ndi theka-kukwera (mpaka 0.5 m). Dongosolo lalikulu la maluwa obalalika kwambiri kuchokera pa masentimita 4 mpaka 5. Maluwa amawonedwa mu June-September.

b) Zowawa. Zomera zoyambirira zimakhala ndi tchire la piramidi, mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 20-25 komanso kukhala ndi mphukira zophukira. Ma inflorescences ndi ophatikizika. Umayamba kutulutsa mu June ndipo umatha pambuyo pa masiku 40-50.

c) Kutalika kwenikweni. Tchire looneka ngati piramidi la chomera choyambirira kwambiri limatalika kuyambira 30 mpaka 45 sentimita. Watukuka kwambiri mbali. Kutalika kwa ma compact inflorescences kumayambira 13 mpaka 18 centimeter, ndipo kapangidwe kake kamaphatikizapo maluwa okhala ndi mainchesi 3 mpaka 4,5. Maluwa amayamba mu Juni ndipo amatha kuyambira 1.5 mpaka miyezi iwiri.

8. Kufalitsa. Mitundu yomwe ikuphatikizidwa ndi gulu ili lagawidwa kukhala:

a) Kukonzanso (Dresden). Tchire lolimba mwamtondo wolimba limatalika kuyambira 0,5 mpaka 0,6 m.Maluwa a maluwa otayirira amakhala ndi maluwa okhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 3.5. Maluwa amawonedwa mu June-November.

b) Mochedwa ndi maluwa ambiri (Bismarck). Kutalika kwa tchire kuyambira pa 0.45 mpaka 0.7 m, kwakhala ndi mphukira zamphamvu. Masamba a leaky inflorescence amakhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu komanso mainchesi 4.5 mpaka 5.5. Maluwa amayamba mu Julayi ndipo amatha kumapeto kwa chisanu.

Zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimaphatikizidwa m'magulu awa ndizosiyana mu kukula kwa maluwa ndi inflorescence, komanso mtundu wake:

1. Victoria ndi wofiirira. Chitsamba chimafika kutalika kwa 0,3 m. Maluwa a Terry ali ndi utoto wakuda.
2. Rosetta. Tchire kutalika kwake kumakhala kuyambira 0,55 mpaka 0.6 m. Maluwa a terry amapaka utoto wa pinki.
3. Mvula. Chitsamba chimafika kutalika pafupifupi mamitala 0.7. Pali maluwa oyera, akuda.
4. Carthrosis. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi mamitala 0.7. Maluwa ndi opepuka pinki ndi kusefukira kwamdima kwamdima.
5. Rubinrot. Tchire lolimba mwamtondo wolimba limatha kutalika kuyambira 0,5 mpaka 0,6 m. Mtundu wa maluwa ndi red pomegranate.
6. Diana Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupi mamitala 0.7.
7. Zachifundo. Chitsamba chimafikira kutalika kwa 0,7 m. Mtundu wa maluwa a terry ndi ofiira.
8. Erfurt Tchireli limakhala ndi nthambi zambiri ndipo limatalika mamita 0.3 mpaka 0.4. Mtundu wa maluwa ndi wamtambo wakuda ndi utoto wofiirira.
9. Phwando. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi 0.35 m. Mtundu wa maluwa a terry ndi ofiira amdima.
10. Phwando loyera. Mtunduwu wamaluwa osiyanasiyana ndi maluwa oyera, omwe amafika kutalika kwa 0,3 m.

Levkoy bicorn (Matthiola bicornis) ndi mtundu wina wa matthiola womwe sunatchulidwepo mpaka posachedwapa. Mtunduwu umachokera ku Greece ndi Asia Minor. Chitsamba chophuka kwambiri kapena chomera chokhazikitsidwa pachaka chimatha kutalika mamita 0,4 mpaka 0,5. Masamba okhala ndi masamba ali ndi m'mphepete mwake. Matthiola awa ndiophweka - maluwa ake osawoneka bwino ndi gawo la inflorescences lotayirira. Maluwa onunkhira amawu amatha kutseka masana. Maluwa amawonedwa mu June-August. Chipatsocho ndi poto, kumtunda kwake kuli nyanga ziwiri. Mbeu zing'onozing'ono zaimvi zimakhalabe zothandiza kwa zaka zitatu. Kupangidwa kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 16.