Kusungidwa kwa gladioli

Kodi kukumba corms ndi kumene kusunga kubzala zinthu?

Nthawi yokumba corms zimatengera nthawi yayitali ya maluwa ndi kudula. Kwa kusasitsa kwa corms ndi ana kuyambira tsiku la maluwa ndikudulira, masiku 30-40 akuyenera kudutsa. Chifukwa chake, ngati gladiolus yatulutsa ndipo idadulidwa pa Ogasiti 1, ndiye kuti pa Seputembala 1 ikhoza kukumbidwa kale. Ngati pali gladioli wambiri ndipo ndikosatheka kukumbukira nthawi yamaluwa iliyonse, diary imasungidwa ndipo nthawi yokumba kwa chomera chilichonse imayang'aniridwa malinga ndi mbiri yawo. M'malo omwe gladiolus sinadulidwe ndipo duwa limakhalabe pamalowo, michere yowonjezera imatulutsidwa ndipo nthawi yokumbayo imayikidwanso kwa masiku ena 15-20.

Kukumba mababu a gladioli.

M'malo osakhala a chernozem ku Russia, kuchuluka kwa gladioli kumakula bwino mu theka lachiwiri la Ogasiti. Chifukwa chake, zofukulazi zitha kuyamba pa Seputembara 15. Kukhwima pang'onopang'ono sikukhudza mtundu wa chiphuphu, koma ndikwabwino pakusankhidwa kwa mwana, popeza mwana wakhanda sanasiyanane ndi corm ndipo amasankhidwa mosavuta nawo. Kuchuluka kwa mwana pamenepa kumakhala ndi imvi kapena imvi. Mwana wokhwima bwino amakhala ndi mtundu wakuda, wosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi mtundu wa nthaka, kuwonjezera apo, samalumikizidwa ndi ma corms. Ndi zotheka kuti mwana wotere atayidwe pamene akukumba ndi kubowola nthaka.

Ziphuphu za gladioli zimakumba nthawi yotentha. Choyamba, mbewu zomwe zimamera pamimba zimasankhidwa, ndipo mitundu yoyambirira ndiyo yoyamba pakati pawo. Kuti muchite izi, akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito zamaluwa amayesetsa kuyika malo osiyanasiyana m'malo oyambira kuti azikula mosiyana ndi pambuyo pake. Izi zimapangitsa kukumba mosavuta. Mutha kukumba ndi fosholo, koma ndikwabwino kutenga ma scoops awiri omata mwamphamvu.

Buladi ya Gladiolus yokhala ndi ana.

Ndikamatera mwamtambo umodzi, njira yokumba ndi motere:

• pamtunda wa pafupifupi masentimita 7 kuchokera pakatikati pa michere ya gladiolus, ma scoops amadulidwa m'nthaka kuchokera mbali zonse ziwiri, kudutsa mzere wonse;
• kuyambira pamphepete mwa mzere, zigawo zimadula mozama pafupifupi 15 cm ndikukhomera ma hand kutali ndi gladioli;
• mwa kukanikiza magwiridwe, malekezero a scoops a corms of gladioli ali ndi mwana bulge panthaka;
• sankhani ma corms ndi mwana ku dothi ndikuyika chidebe; chidebecho chikhoza kukhala chopukutira, bokosi kapena beseni.

Mukabzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikumbamo, kudulira kumachitika:

• dulani tsinde pafupi ndi corm;
• chotsani chimbudzi chakalecho mwa kukanikiza chala chamanja;
• kudulira mizu.

Nthawi zina chimphona chakale chimadzulutsidwa pambuyo pa sabata kuti ziume. Zimatengera zomwe zimayenera kuti ziume komanso luso lomwe wophunzitsira amapeza.

Pambuyo kukumba corms ndi mwana gladioli anaika pa suna kutsuka m'madzi. Zinthu zotsukidwa zimayikidwa m'matumba, kalasi imayatsidwa ndikuwakhazikika (onani gawo "Kukonzekera kubzala zakuthupi").

Madeti ofukula sakukhudzana ndi kusasinthika kwa ma corms ndi makanda, komanso mkhalidwe wa mbewu. Ngati mbewu za gladiolus zili zobiriwira, popanda chizindikiro cha matenda, ndiye kuti zimakumba nthawi yanthawi zonse. Ngati pali toyesa matenda, ndiye kuti amakumba m'mbuyomu kuti apulumutse mbewu za ma corms.

Chitetezo cha ma corms ndi ana panthawi yosungirako chimagwirizana kwambiri ndi boma louma mutakumba. Ngati ma cormon osadulidwa agwera m malo osungirako, pamakhala ngozi yakugonjetsedwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus pansi pa dzina loti "zowola". Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupukuta, kusenda ndi kuwaza ma corm ndi mwana wa gladiolus kwa masabata awiri kapena atatu pa kutentha kwa 25-30 ° C, kenako mwezi pamwezi. Kuyambira pamenepo wamaluwa ayenera kuphunzira lamulo: ndibwino kupukuta kuposa kuti usaume.

Zobzala zathanzi zokhazokha zomwe zimasungidwa. Ma corms ndi mwana wa gladiolus ayenera kupendedwa ndikukana miyambo yonse yokhala ndi matenda. Ngati njere yamtundu wamtengo wapatali ikakhudzidwa pang'onopang'ono ndipo imamumvera chisoni, mutha kudula thukuta lomwe lili ndi matenda pamalo abwino, kupatsanso mankhwala magawo "obiriwira" ndikuwasunga.

Pakusunga gwiritsani ntchito pansi, firiji, chipinda chokhala ndi zenera lotseguka, etc. malo omwe kutentha amasungidwa mkati mwa 3-9 ° C. Ngakhale atatetezedwa mosamala kuti asungidwe, kachilomboka kangapitirizebe kuwonjezeka mamba a ziwopsezo ndi kusakhazikika kwa ziwalo za mwana. Chifukwa chake, pokonza gladioli ayenera mwezi uliwonse kuwona zonse zakuthupi ndikutaya toyesa matenda.

Kukonzekera kwa mababu a gladiolus posungira.

Chinyezi mchipindacho chikuyenera kukhala mkati mwa 60%. Mukapanda kuwona kutentha ndi chinyezi, ma tubercles amayamba kukula mwachangu pansi, kumatulutsa. Pewani kukula kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi ma thrips kumathandizira kuyika kusungidwa kwa ma corms ndi ana akhanda omizidwa ndi adyo osakanizidwa a adyo, omwe amasinthidwa ndi atsopano pomwe amawuma.

Mafunso

Kodi ndizotheka kusunga gladioli m'nyumba yapa mzinda pawindo?

Yankho. Ndizotheka ngati boma lotentha silipitilira malire ena. Komabe, nthawi zina, ma corms amachepetsedwa panthawi yosungirako, ndipo ena onse amasungidwa bwino mpaka kumapeto. Kufewetsa nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa choti zinthu zodzala, zomwe zidali pafupi ndi galasi, zimawuma.

Kodi nchifukwa chiyani gawo lalikulu la khanda lalikulu lokumbidwa limakhala ndi chipolopolo chosweka?

Yankho. Chigoba cha khanda chimakhazikika makamaka pakukula, makamaka pakakhala nyengo yonyowa komanso yonyowa m'malo osiyanasiyana. Zotsatira zake, michere imayenda mosiyanasiyana ndipo chipolopolocho, osati kupirira, ming'alu.

Mukakumba, panali odwala ambiri omwe amawoneka ndi ma corm. Kodi ndingabzalire iwo chaka chamawa?

Yankho. Zinthu zobzala zodwala ziyenera kutayidwa. Wamaluwa osazindikira amateur, osunga ma corm, amayesa kuwapulumutsa ndikuwadzala. Komabe, zinthu ngati izi sizingamere, kapena mbewu zopanda mphamvu zimapangika kuchokera pamenepo, zomwe pambuyo pake zimafa.

Timayang'ana ma buladi a gladioli kuti adziwe ngati matenda.

Kodi ndiyenera kutola khanda ndi m'mimba mwake osakwana 5 mm kuchokera m'nthaka ndikakumba?

Yankho. Khanda lonse liyenera kusankhidwa kuchokera panthaka, chifukwa ngati silinakonza dothi, ndiye kuti, mwana wakhanda azikula chaka chamawa ndipo ukhondo wa zosonkhanitsa uzikhala wopanda vuto. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu ina imapereka mwana wochepa yekha, yemwe ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakufalitsa mitunduyo mwachangu.

Kodi ndikofunikira kudulira mizu ya ma corm mutakumba?

Yankho. M'matumbu akulu, mizu amazidulira kuti ikhale yosavuta kuyendetsa ndikuisunga. Mu ma corm akuluakulu omwe adakula kuchokera kwa ana, kuti atetezedwe bwino, pansi sikuwululidwa. Mizu yake imangodulira pang'ono ndikusiyidwa mpaka masika.

Nditakumba, ndidalangizidwa kuti ndisadule masamba kuchokera ku gladioli, koma kuti ndiwaike chonchi kwa milungu iwiri. Kodi zili choncho?

Yankho. Ayi, izi sizowona, chifukwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ambiri a gladiolus amatha kudutsamo. Chochitika choterechi chitha kuchitika popanda zotsatira zosasangalatsa, pokhapokha ngati mukutsimikiza kuti palibe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo toononga pamasamba.

Kodi kukumbira mochedwa kumakhudza bwanji corm?

Yankho. Ndikakumba mochedwa, ma corm akupsa bwino, ali ndi unyinji komanso kukula kwake. Nthawi yomweyo, nthawi yamvula yophukira, matenda amafalikira mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti ndibwino kutaya mu kuchuluka kwa ma corm, koma kupambana mu thanzi.

Pakuuma, ma corms ndi mwana adakutidwa ndi duwa lobiriwira, lofanana ndi nkhungu. Chifukwa chiyani izi?

Yankho. Vutoli limawonedwa ndikumayanika ma corm mu chipinda chinyezi komanso mpweya wabwino. Chikumba ichi ndi penicillium mycelium.

Zouma zimbale pa batire yotenthetsera. Adakhala ofewa. Chifukwa chiyani izi?

Yankho. Ngati kutentha kwanyengo kwa nthawi yayitali kupitirira 40 ° C, ma corms amakhala ngati atenthetsedwa ndikufewetsedwa.

Kodi mwana amatha kusungidwa zaka ziwiri?

Yankho. Ndizotheka ngati muthandizira makina osungira.

Amasunga zipatso mu firiji ya mtundu "Hoarfrost". Pakati pa dzinja ndidayang'ana pakati pawo - ambiri anali ofewa. Ndi matenda amtundu wanji omwe adakumana ndi ma corms anga?

Yankho. Mu firiji ya mtundu "Hoarfrost" palibe chowongolera kutentha chokha. Pafupi ndi mufiriji, ndizochepa kwambiri. Zimbulu zija zomwe zidafewetsa zimangomira. Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kutentha nthawi zonse pamalo osungira. Ngati imagwera pansi pa 3 ° C, malo osungira ayenera kusinthidwa.

Tsitsani anyezi ndikuwusunga.

Mukamaliza kuyanika, ikani ma corm osungidwa mufiriji. Pafupifupi masiku khumi kenako ndinayang'anitsitsa - onse anali okutidwa ndi mawanga bulauni. Chifukwa chiyani?

Yankho. Ma corms anu amakhudzidwa ndi matenda otchedwa brown rot, kapena botritiosis. Matendawa, mwachiwonekere, atha kufotokozedwa ndikuti sanamalize. Kuyanika kuyenera kuonedwa.

Ndinakumba ndikumanga ma corm omwe adakula kuchokera kwa khanda, kuyeretsa mamba ndikuyika m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kuti asungidwe. Ndinauzidwa kuti ndinalakwitsa. Ndichofunika liti kupuma ma corms?

Yankho. Corm pambuyo pokumba ndi kuyanika amaikidwa yosungirako, osayera mamba. Nthawi zina okhawo apamwamba amachotsedwa ngati pali zizindikiro za matenda. Pakasungidwa, masikelo amateteza ma corms kuti iwume ndi kuwonongeka kwa makina (chifukwa chomaliza, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amatha kulowa mkati mwa ma corm). Ziphuphu zimatsukidwa m'miyeso nthawi zambiri sabata imodzi kapena iwiri asanabzale.

Ngati ma corms sanatsukidwe kwathunthu, ndiye kuti tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa matenda ndi ma pullet akhoza kulowa mu dothi limodzi ndi masikelo. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyeretsa kwa ma corms kumapangitsa kuti zitsimikizike kuwonjezera kuti palibe matenda padziko lawo. Ngati matenda atapezeka, ma corms amakhala opha tizirombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuwathandizira ndi ma microelements ndikukula mphamvu musanadzale. Zomera zosavomerezeka zimatuluka patatha sabata limodzi.

Zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito: V. A. Lobaznov