Kusamalidwa moyenera kwa gloxinia kunyumba

Gloxinia ndiwokongola kwambiri panyumba yochokera ku banja la a Gesneriaceae. Malo obadwira kumeneku ndi ku Brazil. Itha kupezekanso m'maiko ena aku South America. Mbewu yotsikidwayi ndi ya tubera. Ganizirani momwe mungasamalire bwino mbewuyo kunyumba.

Ku Europe, chikhalidwe ichi chidawoneka posachedwa - pafupifupi zaka 200 zapitazo. Ndipo adakwanitsa kutchuka kwambiri pakati pa olima maluwa.

Gloxinia amatchedwanso synginia. Adatenga dzina lake lapakati dzina la obereketsa, yemwe adaberekanso maluwa ena ophatikiza maluwa. Ndipo woyamba kulemekeza dokotala wa sitimayo yemwe adakumana ndi duwa ili ndi woyamba kufotokozera.

Mtundu wa gloxinia ukhoza kukhala wosiyana, ngakhale kawirikawiri mawonekedwe amitundu ndi ofanana

Masamba a Gloxinia ndi okulirapo, nthawi zambiri ozunguliridwa kapena otsekedwa m'mphepete. Ali ndi malo owoneka bwino. Maluwa amatha kukhala osavuta komanso owirikiza, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a belulo kapena belu. Mitundu imakhala yosiyanasiyana.

Mitundu ya chipinda gloxinia

Gloxinia onse pafupifupi mitundu 20, komanso mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi iyi:

• Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi yosatha kapena yamawangamawanga. Chodabwitsa cha nyamazo ndikuti masamba omwe ali pansipa adapakidwa utoto. Maluwa ali ndi mawonekedwe ngati belu. Maluwa amayamba kugwa. Kutalika kwa mbewu sikudutsa 70 cm;
• Royal Sinningia ndi m'modzi mwa odziwika bwino amtunduwu. Kutalika kwa mitunduyo sikupitirira masentimita 10. Masamba ndiwotalikirapo komanso amdima. Ndalama za siliva zikuwoneka bwino pa iwo. Maluwa amachitika nthawi yotentha. Maluwa okongola ndi akulu kukula ndipo ali ndi utoto wofiirira;

Mtundu wachilendo kwambiri wa Global glininia umadzala, wokhala ndi maluwa masentimita 2-3.

• Zokongola - zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimawoneka ngati zachifumu. Komabe, masamba ali ndi mtundu wowala. Maluwa a chomera ndi ofiirira ndi ofiirira;
• Magulu atsekwe pang'ono ndi mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 2.5. Duwa limodzi laling'ono la velvet limakhala pa peduncle imodzi. Maluwa amachitika nthawi yotentha.

Kusamalira chaka chonse

Sikovuta kusamalira gloxinia, komabe, malamulo angapo ayenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti mbewuyo ikhale yabwino komanso amasangalala ndi maluwa ake okongola.

Zoyenera kuchita kutentha ndi kuyatsa

Kuwala kuyenera kukhala kowala komanso kosakanikirana. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuyika maluwa kumadzulo kapena kum'mawa zenera. Zenera lakumwera ndiloyeneranso, koma kuwongolera dzuwa mwachindunji ndi kowopsa pachikhalidwe, kotero penumbra yaying'ono ndiyabwino kwambiri yomwe ingakhale ya synningia. Kuwala kowonjezereka kumatha kuchepetsa maluwa.

M'chilimwe, kutentha kwenikweni kwa mtengowo kuli pafupifupi madigiri 21, ndipo nthawi yozizira - madigiri 12. Gloxinia molakwika amatanthauza kutentha kwakukulu. Komanso duwa liyenera kutetezedwa ku zojambula ndi mphepo. Panthawi yopumula, mmera umafunika kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 15.

Kupanda kuyatsa kumapangitsa kuti maluwa azikhala ochepa komanso mtundu wake ukhale wachepetsa. Kuperewera kwaowala kumatha kuwoneka chifukwa chomera chidzatambalala.

Chinyezi ndi kuthirira nyengo mu chirimwe ndi chisanu

Gloxinia amakonda kwambiri chinyezi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale malo abwino kwa iye. Komabe kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumakhala koopsa. Madzi sayenera kukhala pamasamba ndi maluwa, chifukwa izi zimatha kuwola.

Kuti muwonjezere chinyezi, mutha kuyika mtsuko wamadzi pafupi ndi mphika womwe duwa limamera. Dongo lokulitsidwa bwino ndiloyeneranso. Komanso dongo lokwezedwa (miyala ingapangidwe) ikhoza kudzaza poto pansi pamphika.

Madzi sayenera kuloledwa kukhudza pansi pamphika. Ndi kuvunda mizu.

Wing kuthirira ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yoyendetsera chinyezi cha gawo lapansi

Ndikofunikira kupita ku boma la kuthirira, chifukwa izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pamtengowo. Simungathirire chomera ngati dothi lapamwamba silinakhalepo nthawi yoti liume. Kutsirira ndikofunikira kumapeto kwenikweni kwa mphika kapena wofesa mbewu. Pa maluwa, kuthirira kuyenera kukhala zochulukirapo.

Malamulo Othirira
Zikusefukira	Zoopsa kwambiri kwa synningia. Chotsani madzi owerengeka pachaka chanthawi
Madzi	Pothirira, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito chipinda kutentha madzi
Kupewa kwa zowola	Madzi ofunda amatengeka msanga ndi mizu. Ichi ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yopeweretsera mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa zowola.

Pamapeto pa maluwa, kuthirira duwa kumafunikira kambiri. Ndipo m'dzinja, kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa. Popeza m'dzinja chomera chikukonzekera kuzala.

Dothi komanso kuvala pamwamba: momwe angasamalire

Sinningia ndi yofunika kwambiri panthaka. Ngati simukudziwa momwe mungapangire gawo loyambira nokha, ndiye kuti ndibwino kugula nthaka yabwino m'misika. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati begonias kapena violets.

Pokonzekera gawo lapansi kunyumba adzafunika:

• Padziko lapansi
• Peat
• Mchenga wamtsinje

Kugula dothi lomalizidwa kumakupulumutsani kuti musayang'ane kuchuluka kwa zigawo zagawo lapansi

Zosakaniza zonse ziyenera kumwedwa poyerekeza 2: 1: 1. Komanso m'nthaka siimapamwamba kuwonjezera moss kapena perlite. Amakhala ufa wabwino kwambiri.

Zofunikira pa dothi:

1. Nthaka imafunikira michere yomwe imatengeka mosavuta ndi mbeu;
2. Nthaka sayenera kusunga madzi mutathirira;
3. Nthaka iyenera kuthiridwa bwino;
4. Ziyenera kukhala chosawilitsidwa musanakwere duwa.

Ponena za mavalidwe apamwamba, amafunika kuyikidwa kuyambira Epulo mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Feteleza umagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pa masiku 8-10. Monga chovala pamwamba, feteleza wazomera zamaluwa ndizoyenera. Zimafunikira kuyika theka monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa phukusi.

Duwa likasiya nthawi yokhala matalala, kudyetsa sikofunikira.

Mbale mphika

Kwa duwa, ndikofunikira kusankha ochepa, koma mulifupi mwake. Izi ndichifukwa choti mizu ya mbewu imamera m'lifupi. Kukhetsa bwino madzi ndikofunikanso. Kwa tubers zazikulu, mtunda pakati pa tuber ndi makhoma a mphika ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 5 cm, komanso zazing'ono - pafupifupi 4 cm.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

• Masamba a mbewu akasintha, amafunika kuvala pamwamba;
• Zingwe pamtundu wa bulauni zimawonetsa kuti mbewuyo imakhudzidwa ndi kachilombo ka mkuwa wamkuwa. Chiritsani matenda otere zosatheka, nthawi yochotsa duwa;
• Ngati masamba ayamba kupindika, mbewuyo imavutika ndi kuwunika kowonekera kwambiri kwa dzuwa;
• Kuwonongeka kwa masamba ndi tsinde kukuwonetsa chinyezi chikufika pa iwo kapena kutentha kwambiri;
• Masamba achikasu ali ndi zifukwa zingapo: youma kwambiri kapena chinyezi chamkati, kudya kwambiri; kuwala kwambiri kwa dzuwa;
• Mtoto wamtundu wamtambo pam masamba kapena maluwa ndi zowola imvi. Choyambitsa china chimakhala ufa wa powdery. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda oterewa ndi kusamalidwa kosayenera. Mafangayi ndi kuchotsedwa kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi chomera zithandizira kuchiritsa bowa;
• Kuchepa kwa maluwa kumayambitsa kuperewera kwa kuwala, mavalidwe apamwamba apamwamba, mpweya wouma, kutentha pang'ono, komanso umuna wambiri womwe umakhala ndi nitrogen yambiri;

Malo okhala omasuka kwambiri angapangitse kuti Globalxinia isaphukire.

• Zimatsogolera pakusadetsa masamba kufupikitsa maola masana ndi zoperewera pazakudya;
• Kuchepa kwamasamba obzala kumawonetsa kuchepa kwa phosphorous;
• Matenda ofala kwambiri ndi vuto lochedwa. Amadziwika ndi kukwera kwakukulu ndipo nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kufa kwa duwa.

Kusamalira gloxinia panthawi yogona

Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yophukira, mbewuyi imasiya nthawi yotsika. Mitundu ina imagona yokha, pomwe ina imatha kumera masamba ndi maluwa ngakhale nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yozizira. Ngati duwa silikugona lokha, limatha kugona chilimwe chonse. Chifukwa chake muyenera kumutumiza kuti akagone.

Mutha kugona nokha ndi masamba ndi zitsamba.

Momwe mungakonzekere tubers nthawi yonseyi?

• Chepetsani kuthirira (kuyambira koyambirira kwa Seputembala muyenera kuthirira chomera pang'onopang'ono komanso zochepa);
• Chepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuwunika;
• Siyani kupanga feteleza;
• Kutentha pang'ono mpaka madigiri 15-18.

Asanapume, masamba ndi zimayambira zimayamba kutembenukira chikasu ndi youma. Musanadule, zilekeni ziume kwathunthu.

Ngati duwa silikugona, mutha kutumiza kuti mupume nokha

Mutha kutumiza mbewuyo kuti ichitire nyengo yozizira kapena yosamba. Chipindacho chizikhala chakuda komanso chozizira.

Ena amachotsa thumba kuchokera mumphika, chifukwa kumapeto kwa dzinja maluwa amafunika kuwaika. Tubers imasungidwa mu thumba la pulasitiki lomwe limatsekedwa mwamphamvu. Ndikofunikira kudzaza gawo lapansi ndi vermiculite m'magawo ofanana. Sungani chikwama mufiriji.

Mavuto okula: nthawi yozizira, kubzala mosayenera

Nthawi zambiri, eni ake amakumana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi syningia. Zina mwa izo ndi:

1. Ngati duwa ndi lalitali kwambiri, lilibe kuwala komanso chinyezi chokwanira. Kuchulukitsa kwa nayitrogeni kumapangitsanso kuti mutambasule;
2. Kupotoza maluwa ndi kukula pang'onopang'ono kumakhala ndi zifukwa zambiri: kuzizira pang'ono, kuthirira kwambiri, kutentha pang'ono kapena kusodza. Choyambitsa chingakhalenso dothi losauka;
3. Masamba achikasu chifukwa cha kuthirirakusowa kwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni;
4. Chlorosis yamapepala ndi chifukwa kuti kuthirira kumachitika ndi madzi kwambiri;
5. Kuperewera kwa magnesium kungayambitse kusintha kwa masamba;
6. Mitundu ya masamba - chomwe chimapangitsa kuti padzuwa pakhale dzuwa;
7. Mpweya wouma ndi kutentha zimapangitsa masamba kuterera;
8. Masamba afiira phosphorous;
9. Kupanda maluwa kumalumikizidwa ndi zochulukirapo za feteleza wokhala ndi zinthu za nayitrogeni.

Mukamatsatira malamulo onse osamalira, gloxinia idzakondwera ndi maluwa okongola komanso ambiri.

Maluwa

Ngati mbewuyo imaperekedwa ndi nyengo yoyenera, ndiye kuti masamba amapezeka nthawi yomwe duwa limakhala ndi masamba a masamba atatu. Chiwerengero cha masamba chimakhudzidwa ndi:

1. Makulidwe a ma tubers;
2. Zomwe zimamangidwa ndikusamalidwa.

Ngati maluwa oyamba adayamba molawirira, mwina ukuyambiranso Sinningia. Kuti tikwaniritse maluwa mobwerezabwereza, ndikofunikira kudula, ndikusiya pafupifupi masentimita 2. Posachedwa mphukira zatsopano zimayamba kukhazikika, pomwe masamba amaphukira.

Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, mbewu ikakhala ndi nthawi yophuka, masamba ndi tsinde zimayenera kudulidwa. Ndikokwanira kusiya masamba ochepa okha. Pambuyo pa izi, muyenera kupanga chovala chapadera cha maluwa.

Nthawi zambiri, maluwa mobwerezabwereza sakhala obisalirako ngati oyamba. Duwa likakoma ndi maluwa ake owala nyengo yonse yachilimwe, munthu sayenera kulankhula za maluwa obwereza.

Duwa litatha, kuthirira kumachepa, ndipo kuvala pamwamba kumaleka kupanga. Pambuyo pouma komaliza masamba ndi maluwa, amadzidula.

Kuika maluwa kunyumba

Masamba akapanga ma tubers, nthawi yakwana yoti ndikwaniritse mbewuyo. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yatsopano.

Kukonzekera bwino mizu, dothi ndi maluwa ndiye chinsinsi cha kufalikira kwamaluwa

Momwe mungasinthire?

1. Musanabzale maluwa, mizu iyenera kutsukidwa pansi. Ndipo kenako muyenera kugwirizira mizu yankho la potaziyamu permanganate. Ngati pali malo zowonongeka pamizu, ndiye kuti ziyenera kudulidwa ndikuzisungidwa ndi malasha osweka;
2. M'dothi lonyowa, maluwa amabzalidwa 70% kuya;
3. Kenako ikani mphikawo padzuwa;
4. Mutathira, thirirani mosamala kwambiri. Choyamba, pang'ono pokhazikika pamadzi okhazikika, kenako ndikukulitsa kuthirira.

Miphika yomwe chikhalidwechi chidayikidwamo iyenera kukhala yakuzama komanso yokula.

Kuswana

Syningia imatha kufalitsidwa m'njira zingapo:

• Mbewu;
• Leaf;
• Tubers;
• Ma Peduncle;
• Njira;
• Zodulidwa.

Kupanga kwa mbewu kumachitika kudzera popukutira. Pakupita miyezi iwiri, mabokosi okhwima. Bzalani kuyambira kumapeto kwa dzinja.

Kutseka nthanga kumabweretsa chithokomiro

Mbewu siziyenera kuzika dothi, ndikwanira kuziwazika ndikuphimba ndi galasi kuchokera pamwamba. Kutentha kwabwino kwa kufesa ndi madigiri 20. Nthawi ndi nthawi, mbewu zimafunikira kuti pakhale mpweya wabwino, chifukwa nthawi zina galasi limadzuka. Mbewu zimamera pakatha masabata awiri. Mutatha kumera, galasi liyenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo mbewuzo nkukhala pamalo abwino.

Tsamba loyamba likawoneka, ndikofunikira kupanga. Chidebe chokhala ndi mbewu kuti chiziyala pang'ono. Kutentha kwapamwamba zopezeka - 18 digiri. Maluwa amayamba miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mutabzala.

Kufalitsa masamba ndi njira yosavuta kwambiri komanso yodziwika bwino. Ngati tsamba ndi lalikulupo, ndiye kuti limadula mbali ziwiri kapena zingapo (kufalitsa ndi kudula masamba). Mizu yovunda iyenera kukhala yopanda chofewa komanso yonyowa.

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito greenj m'nyumba. Mwa iwo, mbande zimaphuka msanga ndikukula.

Njira imodzi yofala yopangira synningia ndi kubereka mwa mphukira kapena tsinde. Pofalitsa ndi mphukira, ndikofunikira kudula pamwamba pa tsinde kapena tsinde lina. Muzu wozika mizu pachaka chaka chino.

Mizu imachitika m'madzi. Njirayi imayikidwa kapu yamadzi ndikuphimbidwa bwino ndi pulasitiki. Nthawi ndi nthawi, filimu imayenera kuchotsedwa ndiku khazikitsa njira. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, filimuyo imatha kuchotsedwa kwathunthu, chifukwa phesi limakula palokha.

Kufalikira ndi kudulidwa kwa masamba kukufunikira bungwe lolondola

Mukafalitsa masamba odula, tsamba limagawika mbali. Ziweto zimafupikitsidwa, kusiya ma sentimita angapo okha. Kuthamanga kwamizu kumachitika m'malo obisalamo. M'nthaka, zodula sizifunikira kuzika mizu m'madzi, ndibwino kuti muziwakhazikitsa nthawi yomweyo magalasi okhala ndi dothi lonyowa komanso lonyowa.

Makapu awa ayenera kuyikidwa mumtsuko ndi madzi. Wobzala gloxinia safuna kuthirira, koma kuyatsa kofunikira.

Kufalitsa synginia ndi tuber, pamafunika kudulidwa m'magawo angapo. Ndikofunika kuchitira odulidwa ndi malasha osweka. Kenako ma tubers amafunika kuti abzalidwe mumiphika yaying'ono. Kutentha kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 20 madigiri. Maluwa amayamba pakatha miyezi 4.

Kufalitsa kwa chomera pogwiritsa ntchito mitengo yoyendayenda si njira yophweka. Ziphuphuzo zikafota, matayala amasunthika ndikuthiridwa m'madzi. The peduncle sayenera kugwira makoma a angathe.

Pakatha mwezi umodzi, mutha kupeza mizu yoyamba ndi tuber yaying'ono. Chipale chofesedwacho chabzikidwa m'nthaka yonyowa. Muyenera kuzikulitsa masentimita angapo.

Musanapitirize ndikufalitsa ndi peduncle, tchulani ngati duwa lanu ndi loyenera izi

Si mitundu yonse ya gloxinia yomwe ingafalitsidwe ndi ma peduncle.

Gloxinia kapena sinningia ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri amkati. Chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana, aliyense atha kupeza gloxinia ku kukoma kwawo. Ngakhale mbewuyo ndi yosasamala, pali malamulo ambiri okukula ndikuisamalira.