Labrette amaimiridwa kwambiri, pakati pawo wopanga amakhala momveka kwambiri, kubzala ndi kusamalira malo osavomerezeka omwe sangayambitse zovuta zambiri. Zomera ndizabwino kwambiri, zimawoneka zabwino kwambiri pamayendedwe amodzi komanso nyimbo ndi mitundu ina.
Mbiri pang'ono
Kutanthauzira koyamba kwa mtengowu kunapangidwa ndi dokotala waku Spain, Nicholas Monardes, yemwe dzina lake lomaliza adatchedwa udzu onunkhira. Mtengowo umayamba mbiri yake kuchokera ku North America, ndiye kuti pomwepo chimapezeka kuchokera ku Canada kupita ku Mexico. Kudera lino amatchedwa wopanga mizimu.
Ku Europe, mtengowu udakulitsidwa ngati mafuta ofunikira, koma kuyambira zaka za zana la 19, monarda watchuka kwambiri. Amadziwika bwino monga bergamot, mandimu a mandimu ndi mankhwala a mandimu aku America.
Kufotokozera
Monarda imatha kukhala pachaka komanso yosatha. Mitundu yake yonse ndi yautali, yolimba imatha kufika 1-1.2 m. Chitsamba chiri ndi izi:
- Masamba ndi owuma, ali ndi mano m'mphepete, ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira, ali ndi fungo lomveka bwino, malinga ndi momwe zimavuta kusokoneza monard.
- Maluwa ndi ang'ono, owiluka-awiri, amatha kukhala oyera, ofiirira, a lilac, achikasu. Ma inflorescence ndi wandiweyani, wophatikizidwa ndi maburashi kapena mitu yotalika mpaka 8 cm.
- Mbewu yabisika mu nati, imatha kumera patatha zaka zitatu.
Thirani monarda pafupipafupi, m'malo amodzi chitsamba chonunkhira chimakulidwa kwa zaka zosaposa 7, ndiye kuti muyenera kusintha malowa.
Njira zopangira
Kukhazikika panja ndikusamalira monarda kutha kuchitika mu nthawi ya masika ndi nthawi yozizira, ndikufalikira m'njira zitatu:
- Kufesa mbewu. Njirayi sikutsimikizira kutetezedwa kwa mawonekedwe onse, mtundu wa maluwa amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana. Kudzera mbande, monarda imakulidwa kuti ikhale yoyesera. Mbewu zimamera pang'onopang'ono, kukula kwamphamvu kumachitika pokhapokha kuwonekera masamba atatu.
- Pogawa chitsamba chachikulire, ndizotheka kukwaniritsa maluwa pachitsamba chaka chotsatira mutabzala. Chomera chathanzi chimaleza magawidwewo bwino ndipo chimazika mizu mosankha bwino nthawi yomweyo.
- Zodula sizofala kwambiri pakati wamaluwa, mwina chifukwa choti muyenera kutchera pang'ono. Koma mbande zimamera bwino ndikukula msanga.
Aliyense amasankha zoyenera kwambiri, koma chisamaliro chowonjezereka chidzakhala chimodzimodzi.
Nthawi yowulula
Kuyala ndi kusamalira monarda kutchire sizingadzetse mavuto ambiri. Kodi kubzala kuli bwino? Zonse zimatengera njira.
Ngati mungathe kufalitsa mbewuzo ndi zodula, ndiye kuti kubzala kuyenera kuchitidwa m'dzinja. Kubwezeretsanso pogawa tchire chakale kumachitika mchaka komanso nthawi yozizira. Mbeu zobzalidwa makamaka kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe.
Kukonzekera kumachitika pa mitundu yonse ya kubereka, imakhala ndi magawo awa:
- Kukumba malo musanafike.
- Kukhazikitsa kwa michere ya michere ndi michere.
- Kuchuluka kwambiri.
Ngati mukufuna kupita kumapeto kwa chaka, izi zimayenera kuchitika mu kugwa. Izi zimachotsa namsongole pamalowo ndikumasula pansi pang'ono.
Monarda amabzalidwa poyera mu kasupe pogawa chitsamba. Kuti achite izi, amakumba, ma rhizomes amasambitsidwa ndikudulidwa mosiyanasiyana mbali zingapo zofanana kukula kofanana. Magawo amathandizidwa ndi phulusa ndi makala, amaikidwa m'maenje okonzedweratu ndikuwazidwa ndi lapansi. Zitatha izi, tchire liyenera kuthiriridwa madzi mosamala.
Monarda amakonda dothi losalima kapena lamchere; pamsana wama asidi limamera bwino ndikukula.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera nyengo yozizira monarda kumachitika popanda zovuta. Nthawi imeneyi, kubereka kumachitika ndi kudula mizu kapena kugawidwa kwa chitsamba chachikulu.
Adabzala m'nthaka yokonzekeratu kumayambiriro yophukira, pomwe chisanu akadali kutali.
Monarda amabzalidwa patali pafupifupi masentimita 60 kuchokera pachilichonse, chomera chimakula msanga ndikutenga malo onse aufulu.
Chisamaliro
Kuti monarda ikule bwino ndikukula, ndikofunikira kuisamalira moyenera, yomwe ili ndi:
- mukuthirira nthawi zonse chomera, makamaka nyengo yotentha ya chilimwe, apo ayi pamakhala kuwopsa kwa mpunga pamasamba ndi mphukira;
- kumasula dothi pafupi ndi tchire, kuchotsa udzu;
- kupanga feteleza wa michere ndi michere;
- kupewa matenda lililonse masika mothandizidwa ndi maziko a maziko a metazole kapena mkuwa.
M'nyengo yotentha kwambiri, nthaka yozungulira tchire iyenera kuzunguliridwa ndi peat kapena tsamba humus.
Zowawa za mulching sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito, zimatha kubweretsa kumera kwa mbewu.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Tchire lonunkhira limagwirizana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, ufa wa powdery ukhoza kukhala wosiyana, koma ungachitike pokhapokha ngati palibe chinyontho mu nyengo yovuta kwambiri.
Mwa tizirombo, palibe amene akuwopa monard, kununkhira kwa maluwa ake ndikuwasiya tizilombo. Mutabzala chitsamba chotere pafupi ndi benchi m'mundamo, mutha kukhala m'madzulo nthawi yayitali ndipo musamaope udzudzu.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira zanyengo zam'madzi pachithunzithunzi ndikosavuta, monga zikuwonekera ndi zithunzi zambiri za mitengo.
