Mtengo wa apulo pamalo anu ukakula bwino ndi kusangalatsa ndi masamba apamwamba, umakhala wodekha pamtendere. Mukumvetsetsa kuti munasankha bwino mmera ndi mitundu, kudyetsedwa bwino ndikuthiriridwa, komanso nthaka, mwachionekere, ngati mtengo wa apulo. Ndizosiyana kwathunthu mtengo wathu ukayamba kupotoza masamba ake. Zikuwonekeratu kuti sachita izi mwachisawawa, pali zifukwa zina zochitira izi. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiwone zifukwa zodziwika bwino zomwe mtengo wa maapulo patsambalo umapotoza mwadzidzidzi, ndipo tidzaphunzira momwe tingachitire njira zodzitetezera kuti chodabwitsachi chisapitirire kuchitika. Ndipo tidzadziwanso zochita zokhudzana ndi kuthetsa vuto linalake pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezeka kwambiri, zofatsa.
Kupotoza masamba pa mtengo wa apulo.
Pazifukwa zopotoza masamba a mtengo wa apulo - mwachidule
Zomwe zimapangitsa masamba aachichepere komanso azaka zingapo kukhala pamasamba a mitengo ya apulo mwadzidzidzi amayamba kupindika, kwambiri. Awa akhoza kukhala misampha ya nsabwe za m'masamba, monga momwe timadziwira tonsefe - wamba, kapena osowa - - ndulu yofiira, komanso powdery mildew (matenda oyipa a fungus, omwe amadziwonetsa okha muzaka zabwino komanso chinyezi) kapena nkhanambo. Pomaliza, masamba amatha kupindika pamtengo wa apulo ndi mwiniwake wosasamala, yemwe adayambitsa dothi choperewera, ndipo mtengo wa apulo uli ndi njala. Kapenanso anathira madzi ochepa kwambiri m'ngalande yoyandikira, ndikuyembekeza kuti popeza wanyowetsa nthaka, ndiye kuti zakwanira. Onani zifukwa zingati?
Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiyesere kuthana ndi vuto lililonse la masamba opindika pamtengo wa apulo payekhapayekha ndikuyamba ndi ma aphid ofiira.
Ma aphid ofiira
Ma nsungu ofiira ofiira kwambiri amatsutsa mitundu ya maapulo monga Antonovka, Cinnamon Striped, Bellefleur Chinese ndi Renet Golden Kursk. Zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi izi sizikudziwika, mwina owerenga athu angalembe ndemanga chifukwa chake masamba ofiira a aphid amakonda masamba amtundu wa mitundu iyi, koma ndi gawo lazomwe masamba ake amapezeka.
Pankhani ya ma aphid ofiira ndi nthawi yomwe apezeka, sizili bwino kuti nthawi zonse muzigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala (mankhwala ophera tizilombo). Mwachitsanzo, pamene kuchuluka kwazinthu zambiri zam'mimba, zomwe ndi, zopindulitsa, zimayang'aniridwa m'mundamo, tidzazipha nazonso zamankhwala. Poganizira izi, ndikotheka kuchita kukhazikitsa kwakukulu kwa malamba omatira m'munda kapena malo ocheperako (makamaka kumapeto kwa Epulo pamtunda wa mita kapena theka), mikanda yomatira iyi imatha kuchotsa gawo la aphid ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha nyerere zomwe zimayendetsa, zomwe zimakwiyitsa nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zomata ndi madzi otsekemera - gawo lomwe nyerere zimadya.
Nthawi zambiri, mmalo mwa malamba osakira okwera mtengo pang'ono, wamaluwa othandiza amagwiritsa ntchito matepi wamba omata a ntchentche, omwe nthawi zonse amadzodzedwa ndi zomatira kumbali zonse ziwiri - azimayi okhala ndi ma aphid amakhala ndi matepi oterowo (nthawi zambiri mwangozi), omwe amachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa tizirombo.
Kuphatikiza apo, pogwiritsa ntchito matepi omatira, simungathe kupha awiri, koma "akalulu" angapo nthawi imodzi: pang'ono ndikuchotsa zimbudzi, njenjete, mbozi za njenjete (zomwe zimapotoza masamba a mtengo wa apulo, kukhazikika mwa iwo ndikugudubuza), komanso ngakhale mphukira yamapulo, yomwe imadya. amalowa mu tepi yomatira nawonso mwangozi, chifukwa imachedwa.
Pofuna kupatula kapena kuchepetsa mawonekedwe a nsabwe pamalopo, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira mitengo ya apulo, kuchotsa khungwa lomwe limayamba kutuluka, chifukwa ofi-akhidi wa aphid amakhazikitsa mazira m'malo oterowo, pomwe achinyamata, olimba mtima amawaswa mwachangu.
Simuyenera kuganiza kuti kupachika malamba kamodzi kokha kapena kupachikidwa, ngati zingwe, matepi omata, mutha kupuma mopumira. Izi siziri choncho. Malamba onse osaka ndi matepi omatira amayenera kulowetsedwa ndi atsopano masiku asanu kapena asanu ndi limodzi komanso osachepera, apo ayi sipakhala nzeru kwa iwo. Mwachitsanzo, pochoka kunyumba, mumangirira malamba osakira kapena matepi omatira, ndipo mukafika, m'malo mwake mukhale atsopano. Koma sikuti zonse zimakhala zoipa: Popeza kuti mphutsi sizibadwa nthawi zonse, koma katatu pachaka, zikutanthauza kuti malamba osaka amafunikanso kusinthidwa katatu kokha.
Palinso malamulo awo a kukhazikitsa malamba osaka kuchokera ku aphid ofiira. Malamba osaka ayenera kukhala oyandikira kwambiri thunthu la mtengowo, chifukwa ma nsabwe ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kwambiri ndipo amatha kukwawa kwathunthu pansi pazingwe pakati pa lamba ndi nkhuni. Kuti muwone kuti lamba wagona ndendende, yambani kuyeretsa khungwa bwino, ndikuchotsa ziwalo zake zakale ndi zakufa, kenako lamba lingathe kumuyika modekha komanso mwamphamvu.
Ndikufuna kunena mawu angapo okhudza nyerere, kale tidawakhudza pang'ono ndikuyankhula za kusuta kwa nyerere kumakoma a nsabwe za m'masamba. Chifukwa chake, kupanga nsabwe za m'masamba pa chiwembu kangapo, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa omwe akukhalako pachiwembuchi.
Kalanga inu, simungathe kuchita popanda umagwirira pano, anthylthitis kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo monga Nitrafen kapena Kemifos. Zachidziwikire, nthawi zonse mutha kutsatira upangiri wa agogo athu ndikuchotsa anthiloti ndi sopo kapena mkodzo wamphongo, koma monga lamulo, ngati izi zithandizira, ndiye osati kwa nthawi yayitali.
Tsamba lokhotakhota la mtengo wa maapozi lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi nyemba yofiira ya ndulu.
Phid wamba
Ngati aphid wofiira amakhala pa mabulosi nthawi zambiri, osanyoza mitengo yathu ya maapulo, ndipo titha kuwazindikira ndi kututira kwa utoto wofiira pamasamba, pamenepo aphid, ikusonkhana m'magulu akuluakulu, omwe nthawi zambiri imanyamulidwa ndi nyerere zimodzimodzi, imasokoneza kukula kwa achinyamata.
Kunja, zikuwoneka kuti wina watenga ndikuphwanyidwa ndi mphamvu kukula ndi masamba. Izi ndichifukwa choti nsabwe za m'masamba zimayamwa madzi kuchokera pa kukula kwa masamba ndi masamba, kuwonongeka kwawo kumachitika, masamba amasiya kukula, nthambi zamiyendo, photosynthesis imasokonekera.
Pali njira zambiri zolimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Izi ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, omwe amatha kukonzedwa mosamalitsa malinga ndi malangizo mwezi umodzi tisanakolole, ndikuchotsa kosavuta, podula madera omwe anakhudzidwa ndi mbewu, komanso kulimbana ndi nyerere, zomwe takambirana kale pamwambapa, ndipo, motsata njira zobzala. Osaloleza kukula kwa malo obzala ndipo nthawi zonse chotsani namsongole, kapena ngakhale kudula, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amapezeka kuti ma aphid amafalikira.
Zofunika! Aphid si nthabwala kwa inu: tinene kuti anapotoza masamba angapo ndi mphukira - sizikuwoneka ngati vuto, kwenikweni, mwanjira imeneyi amatha kubweretsa matenda osiyanasiyana pamizimba, ngakhalenso tizilombo, komanso chomera champhamvu komanso chathanzi chimatha kufa ndi aphid proboscis. Chifukwa chake, sankhani momwe mungathanirane ndi nsabwe za m'masamba: sopo ochapira, tsabola kapena tizirombo toyambitsa matenda, mothandizidwa ndi omwe nsabwe za m'masamba sizisiya chofufuzira.
Werengani nkhani yathu pankhaniyi: Aphids. Kodi kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kwambiri?
Powdery mildew
Powdery mildew imatsogolera kupindika kwa masamba osati pazomera zamasamba, komanso pamitengo ya apulo. Kuti mupeze kupezeka kwa ufa wa peyy pa mtengo wa maapulo, ndikofunikira kupenda masamba ake, makamaka masamba achichepere, chifukwa pali pomwepo pomwe pali kaphokoso kamene kamakhala kokhazikika: zikuwonekeratu kuti ndikosavuta kulowa mkati mwa masamba ang'onoang'ono a tsamba, ndipo pali madzi ambiri opatsa moyo pamenepo.
Nthawi zambiri ufa wouma umadziwoneka pa mtengo wa apulo kumayambiriro kwamasika. Ndi panthawiyi pomwe mbewu zimafunikira kufufuzidwa kwambiri, ndipo ngati mukuwona kuyanika kwamasamba, kukumbutsa ufa, ndiye muyenera kuyimba kaphokoso ndikupitilira kuthetsa matendawa, zotsatira zake ndikuwunika kwa tsamba, kupindika kwake ndikugwa.
Kukula kwa Powdery kumakhala kogwira ntchito makamaka mu nyengo mukakhala kotentha komanso chinyezi, kumene, komwe kumafalikira mwamphamvu m'malo obiriwira, komwe mitengo ya maapulo ndi mabulosi ali pafupi kwambiri ndikuyang'anitsana wina ndi mnzake, imathiridwa madzi mwachangu, osadulidwa, ndipo nthaka yomwe ili pansi pawo siimasuka. Powdery mildew of apple apulo, kunja osati kukhala mtundu wina wamavuto oyipa, ingayambitse kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mbewu, kuchepetsa zokolola zomwe zimagulitsidwa kuchokera 30 mpaka 50 peresenti, yomwe ili kale yovuta kwambiri.
Palibe chifukwa muyenera kuchedwetsa chithandizo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pali wowuma pa mtengo wa apulo. Ngati masamba ali ndi kachilombo kwambiri ndipo pali masamba ambiri okhudzidwa, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides zovomerezeka (mankhwala othana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus), kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo omwe ali pamatayala komanso osachepera mwezi musanakolole. Chitsanzo ndi mankhwala "Topaz".
Mwa wowerengeka azitsamba, omwe, monga machitidwe awonetsera, sangawonongere Powewy, koma ndikulepheretsa kufalikira kwake, ndizotheka kuthana ndi mbewuzo ndi sipinira yodzikonzera ndi mkuwa, ponena, 1% yankho la Bordeaux madzi ("HOM" , "Oksikhom" ndi ena). Mutha kuthira mtengo wa apulo pokonzekera masiku 20 musanatolole ndipo mutangotola zipatso zonse mumtengowo. Komabe, munthu sayenera kukhala ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu cha madzi a Bordeaux; kukonzekera kumeneku ndiwothandiza, koma osati kwenikweni.
M'tsogolomu, kuti muchepetse kupezeka kwa matendawa pachaka chamawa, ndikofunikira kuti m'dzinja ndipo mutatha kubwereza njira zonsezi, kasupe, ndichotse zinyalala zonse za mtengowu, kuphatikiza zipatso ndi masamba, ndikuwotcha kunja kwa chiwembu.
Werengani nkhani yathu pamutuwu: Njira zoyenera zolimbikitsira ufa wa mbewu mu zipatso
Kupotoza kwa masamba a apulo chifukwa cha powdery mildew.
Scab
Ichi ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhudza mtengo wa apulo ndipo, pang'ono, ngaleyo imapangitsanso kupindika masamba. Matendawa amafala ndi ma spores, ngati kuli konyowa komanso kwamphamvu, nkhanambo imatha kupatsira ambiri mitengo ya maapulo m'dera lanu.
Chizindikiro choyamba chakuti nkhanambo yaoneka pamasamba a mtengo wako wa maapozi ndi kupezeka kwovala kofiirira kotsalira pama masamba. Kuphatikiza masamba, omwe amapindika pang'ono, nkhanizi zimasinthanso zipatso, ndikupanga ming'alu kwa iwo ndikuti ziwonongeka.
Ndisanayambe nkhani yokhudza momwe mungagonjetsere nkhanambo, ndikufuna ndinene mawu angapo momwe mungapewere kuti zisachitike. Kupewa kuoneka ngati nkhanonso pamalowo kuyenera kuchepetsedwa kuti kuchotse masamba onse agwa pamalo oyandikira pakamwa, chifukwa ndiye kuti matendawa atha kupitirirabe, ndiye kuti ndikofunika kudula ndi kuwotcha mphukira zouma ndi zipatso zomwe zatsala pa mphukira.
Ngakhale musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala oopsa, makamaka pa fungicides, yesani kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo yanu yamtengo wapatali ya apulo ndi njira yotetezeka ya biofungicidal Fitosporin-M kapena Bordeaux amadzimadzi kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndipo ngakhale mutalephera kupirira ndi matendawa, mutha kuyamba artillery - fungicides, koma chololedwa ndikutsatira mosamalitsa, mwachitsanzo, monga Fitolavin.
Kuti muchite bwino mukamagwiritsa ntchito fungicides, ndikofunikira kuchita usanayambe maluwa ndipo utangomalizidwa. Mwachilengedwe, mukamagwiritsa ntchito fungicides, acaricides ndi zina zotere, zida zodzitetezera zanu ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito: osavala magolovesi a mphira.
Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndikuti ngakhale fungicides sikuti imagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi nkhanambo, ndiko kuti, mankhwala atatha, matendawa akupitilizabe kuyenda bwino. Potere, kuvala pamwamba kwambiri pamtengo wa apulo kumatha kupulumutsa zinthu.
Wamaluwa amadziwa kuti kusakaniza kwa potaziyamu sulfate, potaziyamu nitrate, ammonium nitrate ndi ammonium sulfate ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothanirana ndi matendawa. Zonsezi zimawilowetsedwa mumtsuko wamadzi kutentha kutentha. Chidebe chamadzi chimafunikira 15 g ya potaziyamu sulfate, 15 g wa potaziyamu nitrate, 10 g ya ammonium nitrate ndi 10 g ya ammonium sulfate. Ndi yankho mwachindunji kuchokera kutsitsi lingathe kuthandizidwa mmunda masiku asanu ndi limodzi ndi asanu ndi limodzi, nthawi zina limapulumutsa mitengo ku nkhanambo.
Werengani nkhani zathu zatsatanetsatane: Momwe mungamenyere nkhanambo pa mtengo wa maapulo?
Kuperewera kwa zakudya
Kupotoza masamba a mtengo wa maapulo kungatiwuzenso zakusowa kwa zinthu m'nthaka. Mwachitsanzo, ngati m'nthaka yomwe mitengo ya maapozi imakula mulibe nayitrogeni, masamba ake ayamba kupindika ndipo nthawi yomweyo adzapeza mtundu wobiriwira. Ngati vuto silithetsa, masamba amasamba chikaso ndikuyamba kugwa kale.
Njira yofulumira kwambiri yobwezeretsera kuchepa kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka ndikuwonjezera ammonium nitrate (18-20 g pansi pa mtengo, kusungunuka m'madzi) m'nthaka kapena kuchitira mbewu zamtengowu chimodzimodzi. Zochizira, kuwonjezera pa ammonium nitrate, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito yankho la urea (0.5%), amafunikiranso kuthira mtengo madzulo, mosamala - masamba ake.
Masamba a mtengo wa maapoziwo amawombera ndipo osafunikira phosphorous, pomwe akuwoneka kuti amatuluka, amakhala ngati mkuwa, wofiirira kapena wofiirira. Mapeto ake, masambawo amauma ndipo khungu lawo limayamba kuda. Kumbukirani kuti kusowa kwa phosphorous ya mtengo wa maapozi nthawi zambiri kumakumana ndi nthaka yokhala acidic, ngati mwiniwake wasunga pakukhazikitsidwa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe kapena sanayike konse.
Thandizo loyamba kwa mtengo wa maapozi, pomwe masamba ake adayamba kupindika chifukwa chosowa phosphorous, ndikuwonjezera superphosphate. Pa dothi lokhala ndi acidic, superphosphate singathandize, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito ufa wa phosphorite ndipo zilibe vuto, muyenera kupukuta feteleza monga momwe mungathere m'madzi, kumasula dothi pafupi ndi tsinde musanagwiritse ntchito, kuti mankhwalawa agwiritse ntchito sunasanduke padzuwa. Ngati dothi ndi acidic kwambiri (pH pansipa 5.0), ndiye kuti mutha kupanga preophaseum monophosphate, ndipo patatha masiku asanu - kuvala koyamba.
Masamba mumtengo wa apulo amatha kupindika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa potaziyamu m'nthaka, nthawi zambiri kupindika kumeneku kumachitika nthawi imodzi ndi kufalikira kwawo. Masamba a mtengo wa maapozi omwe ali ndi vuto la potaziyamu amayamba kufeweka ndikuyamba kukhala wobiriwira, wamtambo wobiriwira, komanso m'mphepete, motero titha kumvetsetsa kuti alibe potaziyamu. Pambuyo pake, mzere umapangika kuzungulira masamba, omwe umayamba kuuma, tsamba limayamba kukhala lopindika, limakula nthawi yomweyo, ndipo ngati kuchepa kwa potaziyamu sikunachotsedwe, masamba amafota kwathunthu.
Chochititsa chidwi, nthawi zambiri, kuchepa kwa potaziyamu kumawonetsedwa bwino pamtunda wa acidic, komanso ngati pazifukwa zina muli calcium ndi manganese ambiri m'nthaka. Ndikotheka kudzaza kuchepa kwa potaziyamu m'nthaka powonjezera potaziyamu sulfate kapena phulusa lamatabwa ku dothi lomwe kale linali lotseguka pafupi ndi kutumphuka. Pankhani ya phulusa la nkhuni, dziwani kuti feteleza ndi wabwino, mulinso zinthu zina, koma ali ndi 5% potaziyamu momwe amapangidwira, chifukwa chake, phulusa lamatabwa silingapezeke ngati gwero lothandiza la potaziyamu, koma limapezeka ngati chinthu chothandiza.
Ngati tsamba la tsamba la mtengo wa apulo limayamba kupindika ndipo nthawi yomweyo limayamba kufa, ndiye kuti ndi umboni wotsimikizika kuti nthaka ili ndi calcium yochepa. Masamba omwe sanachepetse amatha kuyamba kugwa bwino.
Chithandizo choyamba cha kuperewera kwa calcium mu nthaka ndikuchepetsa nthaka.Chingwe cha thunthu chimayenera kuti chimasulidwe mozama masentimita atatu, ndikutsanulira ndowa ziwiri kapena zitatu ndikutsanulira 70-100 g wa laimu, ndipo patatha masiku angapo, onjezerani potaziyamu pansi pa mtengo uliwonse wa apulo, mulch nthaka ndi humus mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito masentimita angapo.
Werengani nkhani zathu zatsatanetsatane: Zolakwitsa Zofunika Zomanga
Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kumatha kubweretsa kupindika ndi kugwetsa masamba pa mtengo wa apuloKupanda chinyezi
Mwachilengedwe, masamba omwe amakhala pamtengo wa maapulo amathanso kutha kuchoka munthaka, ndipo ngati pali chinyezi chochepa, ndiye, pakati pazinthu zina, masamba nawonso ayamba kuwuma.
Kumbukirani kuti mtengo wa apulo umakula ndikukula bwino, ndikofunikira kuti nthaka ikhale chinyezi pamtunda wa 70 - 75%, makamaka osachepera komanso osatinso. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nthawi zambiri mbewu zimamwa kuchokera mu dothi ndendende zinthu zomwe zasungunuka mkati mwake, ndipo ngati mulibe chinyezi, ndiye kuti, ngakhale kukhala ndi zinthu zochuluka m'nthaka, Kalanga, kunyamula kwawo sikumachitika. Ngati pali chinyezi chochulukirapo, ndiye kuti nsonga za mizu zitha kuyamba kuwola, ndipo kuyamwa kwa michere m'nthaka kudzasokonekeranso.
Zabwino, mitengo ya maapulo iyenera kuthiriridwa ndi kuthirira: chosavuta kwambiri ndi mbiya yomwe ili pansi pa kukhetsa, pamalo okwera (osachepera theka la mita), pomwe madzi amayenda kuchokera padenga ndi kutetezedwa kuchokera kumtunda ndi ukonde wa udzudzu, mbiya singalole kuti zinyalala udutse. Maenje apangidwe m'munsi mwa mbiya ndi machubu okhala ndi timabowo tosungiramo tinthu timene timayikidwa ndikuikiramo kuti dontho likhagwire m'chigoba chilichonse. Zotsatira zake, mundawo udzapatsidwa chinyezi chambiri.
Mukathirira pamanja, chomwe ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kusungunuka kapena madzi amvula, mutapatsidwa chinyontho chachilengedwe, ndiko kuti, mvula (ndiko kuti, kukhalapo kwawo kapena kusakhalapo), mitengo imafunika kuthiriridwa kumayambiriro kwa kukula kwawo (Meyi), nthawi yamaluwa, pakukhazikitsa masamba ovary, komanso munthawi ya kukula kwa zipatso. Musaiwale kuphatikiza kuthirira ndikumasulira dothi kuti dothi lake likhale mpweya- komanso chinyezi- chovomerezeka.
Kupotoza masamba a Apple TreePomaliza. Samalirani mbewu zanu ngati kuti ndi ana, kenako sipadzakhala zozungulira, makamaka monga masamba opindika, ndipo mtengo wa maapulo umakudzidzimutsani ndi zokolola zambiri, zomwe zimakhalanso zokhazikika.
Axamwali, ngati muli ndi mafunso amomwe mungatetezere mtengo wa apulo kuti uwononge masamba, nawalemba m'mawu, tidzakhala okondwa kuwayankha, chifukwa, mwina, taphonya kena kake.
