Brunfelsia ndi nthumwi yowala ya banja la Solanaceae. Mbali yake yosiyanitsa ndi fungo labwino, lonunkhira lomwe silipamwamba kuposa mafuta onunkhira. Kukongola kwanyumba - Antilles. Amamera nyama zamtchire ku South America. Munthawi zachilengedwe, umafika pafupifupi mamitala atatu, koma umakula pang'onopang'ono. Indoor brunfelsia ndi chitsamba chowoneka bwino mpaka 50 cm. Masamba a shrub ndiwotalika, matte, wobiriwira wakuda bii. Ma inflorescence amabwera mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana - yoyera, yofiirira, yofiirira ya lilac. Pali mbewu zomwe zili ndi inflorescence zomwe zimasintha mtundu.
Duwa lodabwitsa lidaperekedwa ndi wasayansi wotchuka Karl Linney polemekeza mnzake, yemwe dzina lake anali Brunfels Otto. Mayina ena ambiri otchuka amaluwa amadziwika. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi manaka. Nthawi ina kudakhala mtsikana dzina lake Manaka. Brunfelsia anali maluwa ake omwe amawakonda, chifukwa kuchokera pamenepo adakonza njira yotsitsimutsira chikondi chosayenera. Ndipo sikuti izi zongochitika mwangozi. Chomera chotsatsira chimakhala ndi psychotropic. Duwa limawonedwa ngati "udzu wopatulika" ndi asayansi ambiri komanso amatsenga. Amayamba kununkhira kosangalatsa dzuwa litalowa.
Brunfelsia chisamaliro chakunyumba
M'malo mchipinda, mutha kumera mbewu zamitundu mitundu - Brunfelsia-flowering. Palinso mitundu yofananira yamtundu ndi mawonekedwe a maluwa. Brunfelsia imakhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Umayamba kuphuka kumayambiriro kwamasika. Nthawi yamaluwa imatha kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Kutalika kwa maluwa amodzi kumakhala kochepa - masiku awiri. Maluwa atsopano amatulutsa pafupipafupi, motero zikuwoneka kuti ukufalikira mosalekeza. Panthawi ya maluwa, chitsamba chimawoneka chachikulu, chitakutidwa ndi maluwa owala onunkhira bwino.
Brunfelsia azikongoletsa ngodya zilizonse zakuda m'chipindacho. Imakula bwino pamithunzi. Zingakusangalatsani osati ndi fungo labwino, komanso maluwa owala bwino.
Pezani maluwa
Ndikofunika kuyika Brunfelsia pawindo lazithunzi. Amakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa. Koma ndi mitambo yamasamba, masamba okongola adzatseguka ndipo sadzaphuka kwambiri. Kuchokera pakuwala, mbewuyo imawotchedwa ndi dzuwa. Pankhaniyi, mbewuyo imayenera kukhala itasungidwa ndi nsalu yopepuka. Adzakhala bwino pawindo lomwe lili kum'mawa kapena kumwera chakum'mawa. Ndi kuyatsa koyenera, pachimake pa Brunfelsia ndizowoneka bwino, ndipo masamba ake adzakhala opatsa thupi komanso owala.
Brunfelsia amatanthauza mbewu zazitali. Kukula kwabwinoko ndi chitukuko, pamafunika malo aulere. M'chilimwe, kukongola kwofiirira kumatha kutengedwa kupita kukhonde. Koma malo otentha sakukwanira. Sidzafa chifukwa cha kutentha, koma chidzaphuka pambuyo pake. Chomera chimafunikira kupakidwa madzi koposa madzi.
Kutentha ndi chinyezi
Brunfelsia ndi maluwa otentha omwe amakonda nyengo yotentha. Kutentha koyenera kwa kukonza kwake ndi 12-15 ºС. Panthawi yakukula kwakukulu, chikhalidwecho chimapatsidwa kutentha kwa 20-22 ºº. Ndi kuyambika kwa nthawi yophukira, Zizindikiro zimatsitsidwa mpaka 9-14 ° C, kotero kuti masamba amapangidwa munthawi yake. Kutentha kocheperako kumayenera kukhalabe kwa pafupifupi milungu 8-12. Kenako amapitilira. Chomera chimafuna kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ngati chikuleredwa kunyumba. Pamene Brunfelsia imamasuka, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumatha. Kukongola kofiyira kuvala pallet yokhala ndi miyala yonyowa. Ndikofunikanso kuti mpweya wabwino mchipinda chomwe duwa lokongola muliri.
Kuthirira
Brunfelsia ndi mbewu yomwe imakonda chinyezi. Iyenera kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi zonse, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ofewa kuthirira (kuyimirira kapena mvula). Madzi othirira amafunika kuti atulutsidwe pang'ono, ngati duwa lonunkhira limakonda dothi la acidic. Pak maluwa, mmera umathiriridwa madzi kawiri pa sabata. Mu nthawi yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa kamodzi. Madzi sayenera kuloledwa kuyendayenda. Imafunika kukhetsedwa. Kuchulukitsanso nthaka kumapangitsa kuti mizu ivunde. Ngati dothi louma liziuma, mbewuyo imagwetsa maluwa ndi masamba.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kuvala kwapafupipafupi pafupipafupi kumathandizira kukulitsa maluwa kwa Brunfelsia. Monga chovala chapamwamba, feteleza wama mineral ovuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Manyowa maluwa 2-4 pamwezi.
Kudulira
Brunfelsia inazimiririka kumapeto kwa February. Zitatha izi, chomeracho chimadulidwa, ndikupanga tchire lamtsogolo. Mukaphonya mphindi iyi, chitsamba chitha kutalika kwambiri. Kudulira kumathandizira kuti pakhale mphukira zatsopano. Kugwirizana ndi mikhalidwe yoyenera kwambiri yotsekera ndikusintha kwa maluwa mobwerezabwereza. Chitsamba chizikhala chopanda pake komanso choyera.
Pambuyo pa maluwa, maluwa onunkhira amayenera kubweretsa mtendere. 2-3 miyezi, chitsamba chizipuma. Kutentha m'chipindacho kuyenera kukhala pakati pa 10-15ºС.
Kuswana
Pali njira zingapo zoberekera Brunfelsia. Ana obadwa kumene amatha kuthandizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana ndikuchekedwa. Yesezani ndi kufalitsa ndi mbewu. Koma njirayi ili ndi mfundo zake.
Muzu kuti mupeze mphukira pogwiritsa ntchito chisakanizo cha perlite ndi peat. Kutentha m'chipindacho sikuyenera kugwa pansi pa 25 degrees. Mizu yodziwika bwino imachitika mchilimwe. Mbande zazing'ono zimafunikira kukoka. Mukalandira makina atsopano a Brunfelsia kudzera mu njira ya mbewu, mbande zimabzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha pamtunda wa peat ndi mchenga. Ndondomeko ikhoza kuchitidwa kuyambira Disembala mpaka Epulo.
Thirani
Kukongola kwina kuyenera kuziika pambuyo pa maluwa. Zoyerekezera zazing'ono zimafunikira zosintha zina nthawi zonse. Zomera zachikale zimasulidwa chaka chilichonse. Koma padenga liyenera kusinthidwa pachaka. Brunfelsia imakula bwino munthaka yachonde yopanda kulowerera nawo. Dothi liyenera kukhala lopatsa thanzi, lotayirira, lopitilira madzi ndi mpweya. Kusakaniza kwa dothi kuyenera kukhala ndi tsamba, dimba la m'munda ndi mchenga wamtsinje (gawo 2: 2: 1). Peat mu gawo lino komanso sizimapweteka. Nthaka yamchenga yopangidwira maluwa ndioyeneranso. Podzala, ndibwino kusankha mphika wapakatikati. Musaiwale za mabowo abwino okhala pansi pa mphika. Zodulira kapena zadongo zokulira zimayala pansi pa thankiyo.
Tizilombo
Zilombo zazikulu za Brunfelsia ndi tizilombo tambiri. Tizilombo ta magazi tomwe timayamwa madzi a mchisamba. Izi zimapangitsa kuti masamba ndi maluwa asokere. Amakhala wotuwa ndipo pang'onopang'ono amagwa. Tsoka ilo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sizingachotsedwe pamakina. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera.
Masamba osalala amawonetsa kuwonongeka kwa mbewu ndi kangaude. Ngati pali cobweb pamaluwa owala bwino mkati mwa tsinde, pali Mafunso. Kuti muchotse, mafutawa amayenera kutsukidwa ndi chinkhupule chokhala ndi sopo ndipo shafa lokongola liyenera kukonzedwa kuti likongole. Ngati kachilombo kaoneka pa shrub nthawi yamaluwa, sikofunikira kuti uzipopera. Ndi kuwonongeka kwakakulu mite, Brunfelsia amathandizidwa ndi yankho la Actellic.
Nthawi zina, maluwa okongola amatha kuopsezedwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, ma whiteflies, mealybugs. Ngati yakula m'mundamo, ma slog ndi nkhono zimatha kuukira chitsamba chokongola. Pankhaniyi, amathandizidwa ndi njira zapadera.
Brunfelsia ndi chomera chachikulu komanso chopanda nzeru chomwe chimapatsa eni ake zovuta zambiri. Koma maluwa okongola a fomu yoyambirira amakupangitsani kuti muiwale za zovuta zonse. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti duwa limakhala poyizoni. Chisamaliro chikuyenera kuchitika mukamawasamalira. Choopsa chachikulu ndi chipatso cha mbewu. Amawoneka ngati tomato wa lalanje. Simungathe kuzitenga pakamwa panu.
