Nthawi yofufuza zinthu zachilengedwe idabweretsa dziko lapansi osati zidziwitso zatsopano zokhazokha za malo osadziwika ndi anthu, komanso zidathandizanso kupeza ndikuphunzira mabanja ambiri ndi mitundu ya nyama zamtchire. Chimodzi mwa zokolola izi chinali chomera cha m'chiuno, champhamvu kwambiri kuchokera ku South America.
Chiyambire zaka za zana la chisanu ndi chimodzi, pamene zoyambilira zoyambirira za chomera zidapezeka, mkangano wa asayansi mobwerezabwereza udawonekera kuzungulira m'chiuno, zopezedwa zidapezeka ndipo gulu lovomerezeka lidasinthidwa. Zotsatira zake, lero mitundu yoposa isanu ndi itatu yapezeka ndipo mitundu yopitilira 2,000 yopitilira ndi yophatikizira yatengedwa kuti ikukulidwe mu msipu wam'madzi m'mundamo pazenera zanyumba.
Monga zaka mazana anayi zapitazo, chidwi cha hippeastrum sichikuchepa, koma, mmalo mwake, chimangokulira. Popeza tangoona pachimake pa Hippeastrum hortorum kapena dimba m'chiuno, mtundu womwe umaphatikiza mitundu yambiri yomwe yabzalidwa, ndizosatheka kuiwala zowala zazikulu, monga chithunzi, maluwa a hippeastrum pamizere yowongoka.
Koma masiku ano, mitundu yatsopano ikulowa mu chikhalidwe, nthawi zina kunja konse kwathunthu mosiyana ndi mbewu za m'chiuno zodziwika bwino ndi omwe amalima maluwa ndi maluwa wamba komanso pawiri maluwa osiyanasiyana. Kutalika kwa kuzungulira kapena babu wamba, kutengera mitundu, zaka ndi mitundu, imatha kuyambira 5 mpaka 20 cm.
Popeza mtengowo watulutsa maluwa, masamba ndi kuphuka, mutha kuwona momwe muvi wopangira masamba awiri-6 umawonekera pamwamba pamphika, kenako maluwa amatseguka motsatana ndikugwiritsitsa mpaka milungu itatu.
Maluwa atayamba kusinthika, ndipo mwina maluwa onse amiseche, monga chithunzicho, amatsegulidwa, masamba owala amtambo akuyamba. Nthawi yotsatira ya hibernation, pomwe zitha kuwoneka kuti kukulitsa ndi kukula kwa babu kuyimilira, kumatha mpaka miyezi itatu. M'malo mwake, iyi ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri pomwe maziko a maluwa adzayikidwe ndipo masamba a maluwa ndi ma peduncle amapangidwa.
Hippeastrum lero ndikulota kwa alimi ambiri amateur, koma ndi luso laukadaulo komanso chidziwitso cha momwe angasamalire hippeastrum, munthu angakwaniritse maluwa okhazikika a chomera ndi kufalikira kwake kunyumba.
Kusankhidwa kwa mababu a m'maluwa
Chinsinsi cha maluwa ambiri ndi kukula mwachangu kwa m'chiuno chachikulu ndi bulabu yayikulu yathanzi, yomwe iyenera kupendedwa mosamala musanatenge kapena kubzala.
Mphepete, moyandikana ndi mulingo wina uliwonse popanda kuthana ndi nkhungu, kupendekera kapena chinyezi pansi kumawonetsa bwino komanso kukonzekera maluwa. Pamwamba pamakhala matuwa owuma a bulauni agolide.
Mizu ya bulb yamoyo, yokonzeka kubzala imakhala yotanuka, yathanzi, yopanda kuzimiririka komanso popanda kuvunda. Ngati mizu ya dimba m'chiuno yauma, yowonongeka ndi matenda kapena tizirombo, muyenera:
- chotsani mizu yopanda phindu;
- kuwaza mosamala ndi ufa wamakala ndi kuchitira ndi fungicide.
Kuchulukitsa kwa mamba kukuwonetsa kuti babu sianayambike maluwa akale, momwemo liyenera kubzalidwe m'nthaka yaz michere, ndikupatsa mbewuyo zakudya zoyenera.
Kuwala ndi kuwala kwa masamba, makulidwe akachulukidwe ndi maluwa ambiri a m'chiuno, monga zikuwonekera pachithunzichi, amalankhula za thanzi la mbewu yomwe ili mumphika.
Kodi kusamalira hippeastrum?
Chomera chikatulutsa bwino masamba ndikusiya masamba, chimakhala bwino m'malo otentha pomwe nthawi yamasana imasiyanasiyana pakati pa 18-25 ° C, ndipo usiku sugwa pansi pa 18 ° C. Kwa nthawi hibernation, mphika umasinthidwa kupita kuchipinda chozizira chakuda. Moyenera, ngati matenthedwe mwa iye ndi 10-14 ° C, ndipo mpweya udzauma.
Munda wa Hippeastrum umafunikira kuwala kowala bwino kuti maluwa athepetse, makamaka masiku otentha chomera chimatha kumetezedwa, koma chopweteka kwambiri kuposa dzuwa lamasana, mtundu uwu wa babu umasiyira malo otsika.
- Chizindikiro choyamba chosasangalatsa chidzakhala kupindika ndi kupsinjika kwa masamba, kutambasulira ndi kuyenda.
- Ndipo duwa likakhala mthunzi nthawi yakukula, mvuu imatha kukana kutulutsa, popeza bulb sichidzatha kuyambiranso kukamasuka ndikupeza chakudya chatsopano komanso mphamvu.
Ngakhale mvuwu imakondweretsa maluwa ndi masamba ndi mitundu yowala, imathiriridwa mokwanira, ndikuonetsetsa kuti chinyezi sichizimira ndipo sichingawononge mizu. Kutsirira kumachitika mu thireyi kapena modekha pansi pa babu. Musalole chinyezi kulowa masamba ndi pedunances. Mukathirira, dothi limasulidwa, kuti mupewe mapangidwe a kutumphuka.
Momwe mungasamalire hippeastrum panthawi ya hibernation, chifukwa babu silikuwonetsa chilichonse chofunikira chofunikira? Duwa lomaliza likauma, tsinde limadulidwa pang'onopang'ono ndikadzachotsa. Nthawi yomweyo, muchepetsani kuchuluka ndi kuthirira. Kuchecha masamba ndi chizindikiro chakuletsa kupezeka kwa chinyezi komanso kufunitsitsa kwa chomera kuti ipume. Pakadali pano, babuwo amadzapeza mphamvu, amakhala wonenepa, wotanuka.
Kutalika kwa nthawi ya hibernation kumayambira pa milungu 6 mpaka 12, ndipo nthawi yonseyi mababu amayenera kukhala mumdima pamtunda wotsika kwambiri. Kutsirira kumachitika pakafunika, ngati pali vuto loti liwike kumizu. Pa mababu a munda wam'madzi, womwe umapatsa ana, asanawatumize kuti akapumule, mbewu zimalekanitsidwa ndipo mbewu zobzalidwa mumiphika yosiyana.
Dothi lachiberekero cha m'munda liyenera kukhala lopatsa thanzi, lamphamvu lamadzi ndi lotayirira. Chomera cha anyezi chimamva bwino mu chisakanizo:
- 1 gawo la turf dziko;
- 2 magawo a humus;
- 1 mbali yapamwamba peat.
Kuchepetsa acidity ya dothi, fupa la chakudya limawonjezeredwa kwa iye, phulusa lamatabwa limakhala chovala chabwino pamwamba, mutabzala m'nthaka, mutha kuwonjezera superphosphate iwiri kapena feteleza wophatikiza wa mababu. Chida chimodzi kapena mawonekedwe aliwonse abwino okhala ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchirikiza mbewuyi maluwa ndi maluwa. Kuvala kwapamwamba kwambiri panthawiyi kumachitika kawiri pamwezi.
Chomwe chimabzala mu hippeastrum ndikusankhidwa kwa zosakaniza za dothi lokha, komanso mphamvu ya babu. Ngati babu ali mumphika wambiri, amalemera kwambiri, amapereka masamba ochulukirapo ndi ana, koma mwina osaphuka. Chifukwa chake, m'mimba mwake mumphika wabwino kwambiri pakungokhala masentimita angapo kuposa kukula kwa babu yeniyeni.
Kwa dimba la m'madzi am'madzi, kuthira dongo labwino kwambiri kumakhala kotalika masentimita 2-3. Kenako, dothi losanjidwa dothi limatsanuliridwa pomwe babu amayikidwapo, ndikufalitsa mizu yake, ndikuwaza pansi. Poterepa, mababu ambiri amayenera kukwera pamwamba pa nthaka.
Popeza ma hippeastrum amapereka maluwa mwachangu, monga pachithunzichi, amafunikira zakudya zambiri ndikupanga mizu yamphamvu pazaka, mbewu ziyenera kuthandizidwa pambuyo pa zaka 1-2.
M'miyezi yachilimwe, mbewu zochititsa chidwi zambiri nthawi zambiri zimabzyala panthaka. M'munda, m'chiuno mumakhala bwino, ndipo nthawi zina, mababu akuluakulu olimba amataya zovala zatsopano. Zinaonedwa ndi akatswiri otulutsa maluwa kuti poyera mababu amapanga mbewu za ana mosavuta, ndipo nthawi zambiri kupukusira kumachitika, chifukwa mumatha kufalitsa maluwa omwe mumakonda osati ndi ana okha, komanso ndi mbewu.
Kuti muzisamalira mchiuno m'munda kapena pa loggia muyenera chimodzimodzi monga kunyumba. Komabe, pankhaniyi, nkhawa zakudyaku ndizowonjezera:
- kufunika kopalira mosamala;
- chitetezo chomera ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga;
- pobisalira pakufika pa nthawi yozizira.
Masewera a m'chiuno akakhala m'munda, ndikosavuta kutsata kumapeto kwa nyengo yachikhalidwe ndikukonzekera mababu nthawi yonse yopumira. Ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa mpweya, masamba amayamba kufota, kutsirira ndizochepa, ndikudyetsa mwezi umodzi "hibernation" usanayimitsidwe. Lisanayambe chisanu m'dzinja, mababu amakonzekera nyengo yachisanu ndikumbidwa kuti asungidwe kena m'malo abwino.
