Zokongola komanso zokongola, zokhala ndi fungo lapadera, maluwa a m'chigwacho amawoneka kuti ndiosavuta kubzala mbewu zaminda zomwe zimamera zokha. Mu mawonekedwe a chipinda, maluwa a m'chigwacho amadziwika ochepa. Amatha kuthamangitsidwa kupita kutchuthi kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera zipinda chimodzimodzi monga ma corm ena. Malamba a chigwa amafunika nthawi yapadera yopuma komanso kusamalira mosamala. Chowala, chowonekera moyang'ana kumbali yazanyumba iliyonse, maluwa okongola ndi nkhalango zoterezi nthawi zonse zimakhala zowonjezera mkati.
Malamba a chigwa mumtundu wa chipinda sanatchuka kwambiri pano.
Munda wamkati wam'munda wa chigwa
Maluwa a m'chigwacho ndi kukhudza kwawo, kaso ndi kununkhira kwa nthawi yayitali akhala zomera zodziwika bwino. Ndizovuta kulingalira kuyambika kwanyengo yatsopano yotentha popanda mipiringidzo yaying'ono ya woimirira wokongola wa ma corm. Kuphatikiza pa maluwa okongola, maluwa a m'chigwacho amadzikongoletsanso kukongoletsa, komanso kuthekera kopanga malo abwino ndiutali wa masamba owala kwambiri omwe adakomedwa kalekale pakupanga maluwa.
Uli ngati dimba lobzalidwa m'malo obisika ndipo limapanga maluwa okongola omwe maluwa a pachigwacho amadziwika. Koma, monga mbewu zonse za bulb, zimapereka njira zingapo zosiyana zakulima. Ndipo sikuti onse amabwera kudzakulitsa dothi lotseguka. Maluwa amtchire m'chigwachi amatha kukakamira mpaka onse omwe akuimira ma corm.
Ngakhale kusunthira mumakontena, sataya mwayi wokhala wokongoletsa komanso kusangalala ndi maluwa kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo atatulutsa maluwa mchipindacho atha kulimidwa m'munda ndi kubwerera kumapoto patangopita nthawi yochepa.
Mu chikhalidwe, mu mtundu umodzi wa kakombo wa chigwa wakhalidwa - ngwazi Mungakhale nyuwa ya chigwa (Convallaria majalis). Zolima, maluwa amtchire m'chigwachi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbewu zam'nyumba kuti azilimidwa. Zomera zamtchire sizoyenera kunyamulidwa mumitundu. Mutha kugula maluwa amtundu wozolowera kubzala komanso kukulitsa dothi lochepa, kapena mutha kugwiritsa ntchito maluwa a m'chigwa omwe amakula m'mundamo, kusankha zitsanzo zamphamvu.
Kufotokozera kwamabampu a kakombo wa chigwa
Kutanthauzira kuchokera ku Chilatini, kakombo wa m'chigwa amatanthauza "kakombo wa chigwa." Ngakhale kuti maluwa a m'chigwachi amalembedwa nthawi zambiri mndandanda wa Liliaceae, mbewuzi ndi za banja la mbewu zosiyana kwambiri - Asparagaceae. Izi ndizomera zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri kumpoto kwa hemisphere, zomwe zimapezeka ku Europe, Asia, komanso North America.
Malamba a m'chigwacho amadziwika mosavuta chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera komanso kukula kwachilengedwe. Makulu akulu, otambalala, okhala ndi lingaliro lowoneka, lalitali, osawoneka bwino, obiriwira, masamba onse a maluwa aku chigwa amawoneka ngati abwino kwambiri.
Mtundu wa herbaceous wamuyaya mu mphika ulibe nthawi yovumbula mokwanira mawonekedwe ake, kapangidwe kapadera ndi kuthekera kwake kupangira nkhokwe, komabe umakhalabe ndi mawonekedwe ake owala.
Duwa lokongola la m'chigwacho limangochititsa chidwi. Ndili othokoza chifukwa cha maluwa osiyanasiyananso kuti maluwa a m'chigwacho adapambana maluwa okongola kwambiri a maluwa a masika, chinthu chokongola kwambiri komanso chosiyana ndi nyengo yapadera. Zosangalatsa, zokhala ndi maluwa ofanana bwino, mabulashi a inflorescence amawoneka ngati zodzikongoletsera.
Kufikira kutalika kwa 15 mpaka 25 cm, kokhazikika kumtunda, ndikutseguka kwamaluwa pang'onopang'ono, maulendo oyenda komanso matalala otumphuka kumatsindika kukongola kwa duwa lililonse. Maluwa a m'chigwachi amatenga maluwa 6 mpaka 12 mu inflorescence imodzi. Mabelu ojambulidwa okhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira bwino okhala ndi mawonekedwe owundana-odana kumaso amadabwa onse ndi ungwiro wa mizere ndi fungo lawo labwino, lolemera, lamutu.
Zithunzi zakunja kwa chigwa zimakhala ndi mtundu umodzi wokha - zoyera. Koma tikuthokoza kuti mabelu opachikapo mu burashi amakumbukiranso ngale. Zithunzi zokongola za m'chigwacho nthawi zambiri sizimaloledwa. Koma ngati mukuyendetsa mungu, mutha kusirira chipatso chokongola kwambiri, pomwe mipira yobiriwira ya zipatso imakonzedwanso pang'ono ndi pang'ono.
Maluwa a pachilambachi ndi ochepa kwambiri chifukwa masamba ake amakhala achidule kwambiri nthawi yonse ya chilimwe. Kuti mumasilira ma inflorescence apadera mukafuna, ingoyesani kukulitsa maluwa a m'chigwachi mawonekedwe. Kupatula apo, pakukakamiza, nthawi yamaluwa imatha kusintha mwakufuna kwako. Ngati mumamatira kuzolowera kwachikhalidwe komanso nyengo yachisanu nyengo yozizira, ndiye kuti maluwa aku chigwa azikuyenda bwino mchaka cha Meyi. Koma ndikusintha nthawi kapena kusamutsa maluwa pachilambacho kutentha, mutha kusintha nyengo yoyambira.
Masiku ano m'maluwa okongola a m'chigwachi samayimira mitundu yokhayokha, komanso mitundu yosangalatsa - terry, maluwa akulu, komanso ambiri. Ndimaluwa amitundumitundu ya m'chigwachi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pomera potira.
Mungole nyambo ya m'chigwa (Convallaria majalis).
Zotheka kukulira maluwa amkati a chigwa
Ndikosavuta kuti maluwa amtchirewo athe kusiyanitsa mtundu wachidziwitso chokhazikika. Zomerazi zimasunthidwa kumalo atsopano malinga ndi kusintha kwa nyengo kapena gawo la kutulutsa, kotero kutentha ndi kuyatsa kwa maluwa a m'chigwacho kumasinthasintha.
Maluwa a chigwa ngati mbewu zamkati amalimidwa kwa nyengo imodzi yokha. Maluwa atatha kusinthidwa, amasinthidwa kupita ku dimba, kumunda, ndikupereka zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu kuti zibwezeretsedwe (mpaka nkugwiritsanso ntchito m'chipinda), kapena kungotayidwa, ndikusintha nyengo ndi mbewu zatsopano.
Kuyatsa ndi kuyika
Pokonza maluwa a m'chigwachi, nthawi ziwiri zimatha kusiyanitsidwa - zakuda komanso zowala.
Kusunga kwa zinthu zouma, kuzizirira musanabzalire, kusunga kutentha kuti kulimbikitse kukula kumayenera kuchitika pakuwombera. Zingwe za m'chigwachi zitha kukhazikitsidwa ndi zisoti zapadera zomwe zimaphimba iwo kuchokera pakuwala, mawonekedwe a shading, kapena kungoikidwa m'malo obisika m'chipinda kapena chipinda chamdima chokhala ndi malo oyenera.
Kuyambira pomwe masamba (mivi yamaluwa) yatuluka, maluwa a m'chigwawo amasunthika, kupepuka, koma kowala. Ngati mbewuzo zikuthamangitsidwa holide yachisanu, ndiye kuti ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kuwunikira kowonjezereka (mpaka maola 6 patsiku m'mawa ndi madzulo), zomwe zimathandiza kuwonjezera nthawi ya maola masana mpaka maola 12. Maluwa a chigwa otulutsidwa mchaka safunika kuwululidwa.
Kutentha ndi mpweya wabwino
Kutentha koyenera kwa kakombo wa chigwa kumatsimikiziridwa ndi gawo la chitukuko chomwe mbewuyo ili. Kuyambira nyengo yozizira mpaka kutentha, komwe kumapangitsa maonekedwe kukhala masamba ndi kutentha pang'ono pa nyengo ya maluwa, maluwa achigwa nthawi zonse amafunikira kuwunikira zizindikiro.
Kubzala zinthu zomwe adazisonkhanitsa kapena kugula kuti zisagwe mu chipinda ziyenera kusungidwa pa kutentha kwa 2 mpaka 5 Celsius kuzizira. Musanayambe njira zosefukira paz maluwa onse a m'chigwacho, ndikofunikira kuti kuzizirira - kukhalabe kwakanthawi kochepa kutentha kwa subzero.
Optimum pa siteji ya kuzizira imawerengedwa monga zizindikiro za pafupifupi -5 ° C. Malamba a chigwa amatha kupita kumsewu, kusunthidwa kumalo osungika pang'ono pakhonde, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito pansi. Nthawi yowonetsera kutentha kuzizira ikuchokera masiku 7 mpaka 10.
Pambuyo pa kuzizira komanso chithandizo chodziwikiratu, maluwa a m'chigwachi amasinthidwa kutentha. Pa nthawi yobzala mpaka mawonekedwe, masamba azisungidwa pamtunda wofika 25 digiri Celsius. Mzipinda zogona zimakhala zovuta kukweza kutentha kuzizindikiro zotere, chifukwa chake ndibwino kusungira maluwa a m'chigwacho ndi kutentha kochepa kapena zida zamagetsi. Mukatsika mtengo kuchokera mu Januwale, mutha kusiya kutentha pang'ono ndikuchepetsa kutentha +23 mpaka +25 madigiri.
Maluwa a m'chigwachi, pomwe masamba ake amamangidwa ndipo maluwa akuyamba, amakonda kuzizira. Amatha kupirira ndi kutentha kwawamba m'chipinda, koma m'munsi mukawerengedwa, maluwa amatalikirabe. Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wamtunda umaganiziridwa kuti umachokera ku +16 mpaka +21 madigiri.
Maluwa am'kati mwa chigwa amakonda mpweya wabwino, koma ayenera kutetezedwa mosamala kuchokera kukalipira zipinda.
Maluwa akunyumba a m'chigwacho, monga maluwa, amakhala maluwa ambiri, koma osakhalitsa.
Kakombo wa chigwa kusamalira kunyumba
Maluwa a m'chigwachi si mbewu zosavuta kuzisintha kuti zikwaniritse chipinda. Amafunikira kusintha kwa zinthu malinga ndi gawo lachitukuko, kuwonjezera, pamlingo wina wa chitukuko, amakonda chinyezi. Pazifukwa izi, ndizoyenera kwambiri kwa olima dimba, omwe amatha kuzindikira mavuto ake mu kukula kwa mbeu.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Malawi a m'chigwachi amafunika kuthirira kokha nthawi ya distill ndi maluwa. Mutabzala m'nthaka m'nthaka, kawirikawiri, kuthirira kolondola kumachitika, kuthandizira chinyezi chaching'ono kwambiri. Maluwa achilambachi atasinthidwa kuchoka pamoto kupita kwanyumba yofananira, mbewuzo zimayamba kuthiriridwa kotero kuti gawo lokhalo la gawo lapansi limatuluka. Maluwa a m'chigwachi sangathe kuleketsa dothi kuti limeretse mbewu zake zonse. Mukamazizira kwambiri musanabzale, kuthilira sikumachotsedwa kwina konse pantchito yosamalira.
Kuthira timaluwa ta chigwa ndichofunikira kwambiri pamalo osungira tisanabzala komanso munthawi yopanga zipatso. Ngati mumadzikweza nokha ma Rhizomes kapena mumawagulira zipatso, ndiye kuti m'mbali yonse yosungiramo zinthuzo ndizabwino, kupatula chisanu, maluwa a m'chigwacho amafunikira kuwaza.
Mutabzala, mbewuzo zimapoperedwa kangapo patsiku, kusungitsa chinyezi chambiri ndikachisunga. Mutha kusunga maluwa amtunduwu m'chipinda chobiriwira kapena pansi pa khola kuti muwonjezere chinyezi popanda kupopera pafupipafupi, kapena kukhazikitsa chinyontho chilichonse. Mukamasula masamba, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumayimitsidwa, koma pakuwotcha komanso mu mpweya wouma ndibwino kupitiliza kuwonjezera chinyezi cha mpweya kudzera munjira zina, mwachitsanzo, pakuyika matreyi okhala ndi moss yonyowa.
Feteleza ndi kuphatikizira feteleza
Maluwa akunyumba a chigwa safunikira kudyetsedwa, koma chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza, maluwa ochulukirapo amatha kukwaniritsidwa. Ndikokwanira kudyetsa kamodzi mu masabata awiri. Amayamba kuchita njirazi atasunthira maluwa pachilambacho pakuwotcha. Kwa maluwa achilambachi amagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe wovuta.
Kakombo wa kuchigwa
Kwa maluwa amkati a chigwa, njira zodulira zimachepetsedwa kuchotsa masamba owonongeka, kudula masamba. Ngati inflorescence wadula maluwa, kudula kumachitika pambuyo ukufalikira osapitirira gawo limodzi la maluwa mu inflorescence.
Kakombo ka chigwa kusankha, ikamatera, Thirani ndi gawo lapansi
Kugula maluwa okongola a chigwa mumiphika ndi njira yosavuta kwambiri. Koma mutha kulima maluwa amkati mwa chigwa chanu, pogwiritsa ntchito mbewu zam'munda - pogula zinthu zodzala kapena kukumba nokha. Pazinthu zonsezi, kusankha kakombo pa chodzala chigwa kuyenera kuchitika mu kugwa (m'munda mwanu - itatha yoyamba kutentha).
Ngati mbewu zamaluwa zimasungidwa kumiphika, zimakumbidwa mosamala, kupatulidwa ndikusanjidwa, kupatulira maluwa apakati ndi masamba ofambalala. Nthawi zowopsa, masamba okhwima okha, akulu, okhazikika bwino, okhuthala, apamwamba, otsiriza-kumapeto ena - "onenepa" ndi oyenera kupatsirana. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono kapena osasinthika maluwa, mbewu zotsalazo zimangogwiritsidwa ntchito pokulima panthaka.
Pogula zinthu zodzala maluwa a m'chigwacho pachikhalidwe cha malo, kusankhaku kumachitika molingana ndi mfundo zomwezo, kupenda maluwa. Ngati palibe kuthekera kapena kufunitsitsa kuyambitsa kubzala m'mbuyomu ndikubzala m'miphika nthawi yomweyo, ndiye kuti maluwa a pachilambacho amakumbidwa mumchenga kapena mumchenga m'mabokosi kapena mumakontena ndikusungidwa m'chipinda chozizirirapo kapena pamalo otetezeka m'mundawo mpaka chisanu. Kwa maluwa a m'chigwachi, ndikofunikira kubzala mbewu molunjika, mmalo mongodzikhomera mumiyala. Musanabzale, mbeu zimafunikira kumunyowa nthawi ndi nthawi, kuti mizu isayime.
Nthawi yodzala maluwa a m'chigwacho m'miphika zimatengera nthawi yomwe akufuna kubereka. Kulandila maluwa akutchire pa tchuthi cha Khrisimasi, kubzala kumachitika mu Novembala kapena Disembala. Kuti tipeze maluwa okongola m'chigwacho moyenera, muyenera kukumbukira kuti, pafupifupi, njira zokakamiza zimatenga masiku 25 mpaka 40.
Maluwa a m'chigwachi samamera kamodzi. Zomera zimayikidwa muzopimira mumtundu wandiweyani kapena mtolo. Pa corm ichi, ndibwino kusonkhanitsa kuchokera 5 mpaka 35 mbewu m'gulu limodzi, kutengera kukula kwa mphika. Kubzala mitengo isanakhazikitsidwe kwachilumba kuchirikiza njira zingapo:
- Musanabzale, mizu ya maluwa achilambachi iyenera kufupikitsidwa ndi lachitatu kapena 2-5 masentimita, kusiya mizu yolimba, yayifupi yotalika 10-12 cm.
- Zilowerere m'madzi ofunda (kutentha 30 mpaka 35 degrees) kwa maola 10-15. Njirayi imachitika kokha chifukwa cha maluwa a m'chigwachi, omwe adabzalira kufukula kuyambira Novembala mpaka pakati pa Januware. Ngati maluwa pachilala atabzalidwa kuyambira zaka khumi ndi zitatu za Januware, kuwuluka kungayambitse kukula kwa msipu ndikuwonongeka kwa maluwa.
Maluwa ataliatali m'chigwacho ndiowongoka. Drainage imayikidwa pansi pa zotengera, ndipo zomerazo zimayikidwa papilo, ndikuonetsetsa kuti kumtunda kwa masamba kumakhalapo mutakumbidwa pamwamba pa mzere wa nthaka (pafupifupi, kakombo ka dambo kamadzala ndi 5-10 mm). Maluwa a m'chigwachi amayikidwa mwamphamvu, koma kuti mbewuzo zisalumikizane - ndikutalika kwa masentimita 1-3.Ndibwino kuti mudzaze dothi lozungulira mbewuzo ndi moss. Mutabzala, pangani madzi okwanira ndi madzi ofunda.
Zithunzi zamkati zam'chigwa sizigwiritsa ntchito zinthu zakuzama kwambiri. Koma kukula kwa zotsalazo kungakhale chilichonse. M'mapanga okhala ndi mainchesi 10c, mutha kuyika malu 6 a chigwa, mumitundu yambiri kapena m'mabokosi mutha kuyikamo mbewu zingapo zingapo.
Maluwa akunyumba a chigwa amatha kubzala kokha munthaka yopanda thanzi, yotayirira, yapamwamba komanso yonyowa. Kwa mbewu izi, dothi losakaniza mwapadera limawoneka kuti ndi loyenera mababu kapena chisakanizo cha peat, mchenga ndi dambo la turf lopangidwa palokha mosiyanasiyana. Onjezani mbewa zosemedwa ndizoyenera ngakhale zogula zogula.
Maluwa apakatikati m'chigwachi amatha kulimidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maluwa.
Matenda, tizirombo ndi mavuto akukula
Maluwa a m'chigwachi ndi osatha. Chokhacho chomwe chikuwopseza mbewuzi mchikhalidwe chaimera ndi imvi zowola, zomwe zimatha kuwoneka pogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zobzala zonse komanso nthaka ikadzala madzi. Nthawi zina maluwa a m'chigwachi amadwala dendronema. Mavuto onse awiri amatha kuthandizidwa ndi fungicides, koma ndikosavuta kuchotsa ndikuwononga mbewu zowonongeka.
Maluwa a m'chigwachi amakonda tizirombo tating'ono; mukamagwiritsa ntchito nthaka yodwala, mwina sikhala pachimera chifukwa cha mizu. Koma koposa zonse amakhumudwitsidwa ndi kangaude posowa njira zowonjezera chinyezi.
Kusintha kwamaluwa amkati mwa chigwa
Njira yokhayo yosakira maluwa am'kati mwa chigwa ndikulekanitsa nthiti. Kuti tikule mbewu zatsopano zolimba, kuti zitheke bwino, maluwa amtchire, omwe amatuluka m'chipinda, amabzalidwa kwa zaka zingapo dothi lotseguka, pambuyo pake mbewu zopanda mphamvu zimasiyanitsidwa ndikuzikana.
Ngati m'modzi wa owerenga athu akhazikitsa kale maluwa pachidacho mchikhalidwe chachipinda, chonde fotokozani zomwe mwakumana nazo mu ndemanga ija.
