"Ndi nthawi yachisoni! Kukongola kwamaso!" ... Kuluma komanso kusisima kumveka mbali zonse! Pali chifukwa chimodzi chokha - chokhwima, chomwe chimadziwika m'mabuku monga chakudya chobisika cha milungu, chikutuluka. Anthu okhala m'maiko ambiri nthawi zambiri amadzitcha kuti fumbi la mdierekezi. Kodi mbewu iyi yomwe yakhala mliri wa anthu, idafika bwanji kwa ife, ndipo ndizotheka kuthana nayo bwinobwino? Tiyeni tipeze mayankho a mafunso limodzi ndikupanga dongosolo logwirizana, chifukwa ambrosia yokha siyingagonjetsedwe! Ichi ndi chinthu choyamba kukumbukira za udzu woopsa uwu.
Chenjezo - Ambrosia! Momwe mungawononge namsongole wamavuto oyipa?
Chifukwa chiyani ragwe imakhala yoopsa kwa anthu?
Oposa 80% yaanthu amatha kugwidwa ndi matenda oopsa, ndipo malo otsogola pakati pa omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lawo lisagwidwe ndi ragweed.
Kuchepetsa thupi mwa akulu ndi ana kumatha kuchitika nthawi yomweyo, koma nthawi zina "kudzikundikira" pang'onopang'ono kumadutsa (mpaka zaka ziwiri), ndipo mawonekedwe oopsa a ziwengo amachitika nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimayambitsa mphumu. Zidandichitikira: zaka ziwiri zolimbana ndi chowawa mdziko muno - popanda zovuta zaumoyo, komanso mu 3 - mawonekedwe amphumo kwambiri. M'chaka cha 3, woyandikana naye komanso mnzake wamkazi kudzikolo adadwalanso.
Kodi pali ngozi yanji ya ragweed? 3-4 microscopic granules ya mungu wolephera imayambitsa chifuwa chomwe chimayenda mwachangu, koma kusiyana kudzawonekera m'thupi lanu lomwe ma virus ena atha kupezerapo mwayi. Mbewu 25 zouma zomwe zayamba kale mu 1 mita imodzi ya mpweya zimayambitsa kugundana (kulimbikira kutsokomola, kuchepa, mphuno, ndi zina.). Popeza chomera chimodzi chimapanga ma cell angapo mamiliyoni angapo akugwira ntchito, kuwonongeka kwa thanzi la anthu kungafanizidwe ndi ngozi yapadziko lonse lapansi.
Munthu wathanzi labwino amatha kudwala m'masiku ochepa ngati mpweya wadzadza ndi mungu kuchokera kumaluwa oyenda maluwa. Ndipo mtundu uwu wa ziwopsezo ndi wosachiritsika.
Zambiri zoti muganizire! Kuyambira 2000 mpaka pakati pa Ogasiti, ku Moscow ndi dera, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mungu womwe unawoneka mlengalenga kunaonedwa mu kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta 8-15. Mu munthu wochepetsedwa chitetezo chokwanira, mawonetseredwe a ziwengo amayamba ndi kuchuluka kwa mungu anayi pa 1 cube. m.
Munthu wathanzi labwino amatha kudwala m'masiku ochepa ngati mpweya wadzadza ndi mungu kuchokera kumaluwa oyenda maluwa.
Environmental Ambrosia
Kuvulaza kwa ragweed sikumangopangitsa mavuto akulu kwa anthu. Kukula kwake kumakhala kokwezeka kwambiri kotero kuti kumatha kusintha dothi kukhala dothi losabereka chifukwa chobzala mbewu zina.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku woyeserera wa labotale, wothamanga kuti apange 1 makilogalamu pachinthu chake chouma amatenga madzi 1, 1.5 kg ya phosphorous ndi 16 kg ya nitrogen kuchokera m'nthaka ndi mbewu zina. Unyinji womera msanga msanga dzuwa. Mthunzi wowonda, "chakudya chanjala" cha michere chimachepetsa kwambiri zipatso ndi zitsamba zodyetsa, zosakaniza, ndi "kupha" mbewu zamasamba, makamaka zothiriridwa. 1-2 kakang'ono kamaphukira nthawi yotentha amatha kukula mpaka 3 -4-mita wa udzu.
Nyama zokhala ndi mkaka zikamadya, zimayamwa, mkaka ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndimkokomo.
Kuchokera pazambiri zomwe takambirana pamwambapa zimayang'ana "chithunzi" cha mdani, chomwe chikuyenera kuwonongeratu. Dziwani komwe ovakwayo adabwera kudziko lathu.
Kodi ragweed idachokera kuti?
Ambrosia ndi gulu la mitundu yazomera. Dziko lenileni la woimira udzuyu ndi North America. Titafika ndi zamtundu waku America zaulimi ku Europe mu 1873 ndi njere zofiirira, udzu udayamba kupambana, moopsa kufalikira konsekonse mdziko la Euro-Asia.
Uchi wa Ambrosia ndi wocheperako kangapo kuposa mbewu ya poppy. Ndi mphepo yabwino, imagunda mtunda kuchokera kumadera akumwera kupita ku Moscow m'masiku ochepa. Mu nyengo yofatsa, yopanda bata, kugawa kwake kumatenga makilomita 4-6 kuchokera kumalo okukula. Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa zaka zopitilira 100, malo omwe adalandidwa ku kontrakitala ya Euro-Asia adafika pa mahekitala oposa 5 miliyoni.
Mu 1914, ragweed idapezeka koyamba ku Ukraine. Pokhala ndi adani achilengedwe opitirirapo mazana asanu ndi limodzi pakati pa zomera ndi tizilombo, m'malo atsopano satinakumane ndi chitsutso chilichonse pakulimbikitsa kwake komanso kulanda kwatsopano. Ku Russia, ragweed adayamba kuwonekera kumadera akumwera (Krasnodar Territory), nyengo yomwe imafanana ndi zofunikira za udzu m'dziko lakwawo ndipo ikupita molowera kumpoto ndi kum'mawa, kuphatikiza zigawo za Far East.
Ku Russia, ragweed yachilengedwe pamikhalidwe yachilengedwe kumadera onse akumwera, m'chigawo cha Black Sea, dera la Volga, ku Caucasus, madera akumwera kwa Far East, Moscow Region ndipo ikuyenda molowera kumpoto ndi kum'mawa, kutengera chikhalidwe cha zigawozi.
Leafwort Ambrosia (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., 1753).
Holrosametal ambrosia (Ambrosia psilostachya DC).
Ambrosia atatu (Ambrosia trifida L.).
Kodi mitundu yonse ya ragweed ikuyenera kuwonongeka?
Ambrosia mu banja la astrov (Aste-ra-ceae) ikuwonetsedwa mosiyana mtundu Ambrosia (Ambrosia).
Mitunduyi imakhala ndi mitundu 50 ya zomera zamitundu imodzi, koma ku kontinenti ya Euro-Asia, kuphatikizapo Russia, pali mitundu itatu yomwe mungu wake ndi woopsa ku thanzi la munthu:
- Lebr Amia (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., 1753);
- Magawo atatu Ambrosia (Ambrosia trifida L.);
- Holosome ragweed (Ambrosia psilostachya DC).
Zonsezi zimayambitsa ziwengo, ndizokhala ngati udzu ndipo zitha kuwonongeka. Koma mitundu iwiri yoyambilira ya ragweed ndi namsongole wapachaka ndipo, mophweka, ndizosavuta kuzilamulira, ndipo yachitatuyo ndi yosatha, yomwe mizu yake imayamba kuzizira m'nthaka ndikadulidwa, aliyense muzu wobala umapanga chomera chatsopano.
The ragweed idasinthika kukhala yogwirizana kwambiri ndi mikhalidwe yatsopano ya moyo, ndipo ndiyomwe imayambitsa kwambiri malo atsopano. Mulingo woyambira wa ambrosia ndi mbewu ziwiri mwa mita imodzi. m lalikulu.
Kufotokozera kwamabotolo a ragweed ragweed
Lebr Amia - pachaka, udzu osagwirizana ndi chilengedwe. Imasungidwanso kutaya pambuyo pa kutaya kwa 4-5. Nyengo yokulira imayamba ndikutentha mpweya kuti + 6 ... +10 ° C ndipo imatha mpaka chisanu choyamba. Amapanga misa ya mlengalenga kuchokera pa 0-0-0.3 mpaka 2,5 m.
Muzu umaphukira, kulowa pansi mpaka m'mamphindi 1 mpaka theka. M'miyezi iwiri, muzuwo umadzaza mpaka mamita 1. Pampu yamphamvu ”imatulutsa chinyezi pang'onopang'ono padziko lonse lapansi, ndikupatsanso yankho la michere pamwambapa, lomwe limakula msanga mutatulira. Pesi logwirira ndilowongoka, labiliwira lakuda ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono, pubescent. Nthambi bwino.
Tcherani khutu! Kutchetcha mosadukiza kwa mlengalenga kumathandizira kuti nthambi zambiri zizikula nthawi yayitali.
Masamba a ragweed ndi zobiriwira zakuda zamitundu iwiri. Wakumwamba - wokhala ndi tsamba lolimba kwambiri, lalifupi. Zomera zazing'ono zimakhala ndi pafupifupi sessile. Masamba apansi amapindika kawiri, amagawika masamba ambiri. Mbali yakumtunda kwa masamba ake imakhala yopanda kupindika, m'munsi mopepuka, imakutidwa ndi kuwala, napatsa pepalalo utoto wonyezimira.
M'mawonekedwe, masamba owoneka ngati mseru amafanana ndi msungwi wokhala ndi mitengo komanso osadziwa zambiri, mbewu izi nthawi zambiri zimasokonezedwa. Zimathandizira kusiyanitsa mbewu ndi fungo lawo. Chonunkhira chimakhala ndi fungo lowawa la chowawa, ndipo chobowoka chimakhala ndi mphutsi pang'ono, chikukula, makamaka pafupi ndi dothi.
Pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri kuchokera pakuwoneka mbande, ragweed imayamba kuphuka. Maluwa amakhala miyezi iwiri. Maluwa osakongoletsa, ang'ono, asanu. Malinga ndi mtundu wa corolla, maluwa amatuluka kuchokera kubiriwira, imvi mpaka chikaso.
Maluwa achimuna ndi achikazi amakongoletsedwa m'madengu osiyana. Maluwa amtundu waimuna amatengedwa m'mabasiketi a maluwa achikasu 5-25, omwe amapangidwa kukhala ma inflorescence ooneka ngati nsonga omwe amakhala pamwamba pamitu. Mabasiketi azimayi amakhala amodzi. Anasonkhanitsa madengu ang'onoang'ono atatu. Amapezeka m'munsi mwa male inflorescence, nthawi zina m'matanthwe a masamba apical. Maluwa ndiwotalika ndipo amayambira June mpaka Okutobala, kutengera dera. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa maluwa ndi kutalika kwake ndi + 22 ... +24 ° C. Pa maluwa, mbewu zimapanga mungu wambiri, womwe umakhala ndi ragweed. Kukula kwa tirigu wa mungu kumakhala kocheperako kuposa mbewu ya poppy.
Zipatso za ragweed - ziphuphu za obovate kapena zooneka ngati mtedza, za imvi zobiriwira ndi ma spine a 4-6. Zipatso zipsa palibe kale kuposa August. Chomera chimodzi chomera chikukula kuchokera pa 25 mpaka 150,000 mbewu. Mbeu zosakhazikika (ngakhale mkaka wa mkaka) zimasunganso mphamvu ndi kumera. Akakhala pamwamba pamtunda (masentimita 4-5) amatha kumera kapena kumera chaka chamawa. Mbewu zomwe zimagwera mu 50 cm masentimita sizimera, koma zimatha kugwira ntchito mpaka zaka 40 ndipo pansi pazoyenera zimamera ndipo zimayamba kukula mwachangu.
Ambrosia trifid ndi holobellate amasiyana ndi chowawa pokhapokha pazinthu zakunja. Mu katatu, mosiyana ndi chowawa, tsamba lamasamba limakhala ndi magawo 3-5. Ambrosia ya magawo atatu nthawi zambiri imaphimba mbewu zamasamba, msipu, zimakonda kukula ndi kukulira panthaka yachonde.
M'maluvu omera pang'onopang'ono, mizu yopanda pansi yomwe imakhala ndi mizu yocheperako imapangidwa kuti imalore bwino m'nthaka ndikuyamba kumera masika. Ikagawika m'magawo, chilichonse chimapanga chomera chokha.
Mbewu za ragweed zaka 40 kukhalabe kumera.
Njira Zakuongolera Ambrosia
Zovuta zolimbana ndi ragweed
M'madongosolo amoyo, ragweed yapanga zinthu zapadera zomwe zimathandizira kuti ikhalebe m'malo olimbana ndi malo okhala:
- ragweed imabala mbewu zambiri zomwe zimakhala zothandiza mpaka zaka 40, ndipo nthawi iliyonse yosasinthika kuyambira mkaka kupita kwathunthu;
- Ambrosia imafalitsa podzilimitsa pokhapokha pokhazikitsa mbewu zomwe zimafunikira kupumula kwa miyezi inayi mpaka isanu ndi umodzi, yomwe imakwaniritsidwa pofika nthawi yophukira ndikutuluka kwa chosungira. M'zaka zotsatira, zikalowa m'malo ovomerezeka, zimatuluka ndikukula;
- kutchetcha kosayenera kwa ragweed (pamwamba pa khosi la muzu) mu nyengo yakula kumathandizira kukula kwakukulu ndi nthambi za mlengalenga;
- kulowa kwambiri pakati pamizu ya ragweed - pampu yayikulu yomwe imapereka chomera chinyezi ndi michere;
- mbewu yachilengedwe yomwe ikukula mwachangu imalepheretsa kukula kwa mbewu zina, ndipo "chakudya chanjala" cha michere yopanda kuwala kwa dzuwa posachedwa chimawawononga.
Ambrosia ndi udzu wowopsa kotero kuti pomenyera chiwonongeko chathu chonse ndikofunikira kuphatikiza kuwonongeka kwake kwakuthupi, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala (omwe ndi osafunika m'malo a dachas ndi madera oyanjananso) komanso kuwononga kwachilengedwe.
Njira zolimbana ndi ragweed zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu ingapo:
- chiwonongeko chakuthupi;
- njira za agrotechnical;
- kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
Chiwonongeko chakuthupi cha ragweed
Njira yovomerezeka komanso yodziwika bwino kwa nyumba zanyumba zam'chilimwe ndi madera oyandikana nayo kupala m'manja. Makina chiwonongeko cha udzu, chomwe chimayamba kuchotsedwa kukumba ndi muzu (ngati sichikhala mosalekeza, koma zopatula).
Angapo Kutchetcha. Ndikutchetcha 1-2, chomeracho chimapanga 5 mpaka 20 mphukira zazing'ono. Kuti muchepetse udzu, muyenera kutchetcha pafupifupi 5-6. Young ragweed ndikutchetcha mu gawo la isanayambike kapena (mochulukirapo) misa kuphukira. Zomera zilibe nthawi yopanga nthanga, zomwe ngakhale zitabzalidwa kale zimatha kumera. Chomera chongodulira mosalekeza chimachoka ndipo chimafa ndikayamba kwa nyengo yozizira.
Mizu yodula khosi. Ngati chomera chimasungidwa pamwamba pa khosi la muzu (malo omwe muzuwo umadutsamo), ndiye kuti mphukira zazing'ono zimayamba kukhazikika pamtengowo, ndipo mbewuyo imakula bwino, ndipo imayatsidwa kuyambira masiku oyamba amoyo watsopano. Mukadula pansi muzu, ndiye kuti zonsezo "zidzagwira ntchito" bwino, ndikupatsirani mbewuyo ndi madzi ndi michere. Kudula khosi mizu ya ragweed ndichabwino kwambiri ndi khasu, koma mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mlimi wamanja. Ndi kukhazikitsidwa koyenera kwa njirayi, kuchuluka kwa chithandizo kungathe kuchepetsedwa mpaka 3 pachaka.
Kuyambitsa kuthirira komanso kuwongolera maudzu mu chingwe choyera kapena gawo loyambirira la masamba obiriwira.
Njira za Agrotechnical pakuwonongeka kwa ragweed
Njira zabwino kwambiri zachikale zowonongera malo omwe amagwera pamalowo ndi njira yophera udzu ndi mbewu zina.
Njira Yopangira Zinthu malo onse aulere, kuphatikiza dimba ndi mabulosi, madera oyandikana nawo. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chisakanizo cha chimanga komanso nyemba zosatha, mbira, nyemba, mawonekedwe, udzu wopanda tirigu, chopanda tirigu, sainfoin, ndi zina zambiri. Makina amtundu wachilengedwe wokhala ndi mbewa yoluka adzafafaniza malo okhala, ndipo kusamalira udzu wamphesa ndikosavuta kuposa kulimbana kovuta ndi udzu "wopanda udzu".
Zotsatira zabwino zimapereka kukonzekera hafu yamindakugwiritsa ntchito siderates. Mwachitsanzo, Sarepta mpiru (Southern Science Science Center of the Russian Academy of Science) adachotsa udzu.
Zofunika kasinthasintha bwino mbeu kasinthasintha wa mbeu Ndikukwaniritsa zonse zofunika paukadaulo waulimi, womwe pang'onopang'ono udzachepetse tinthu tosokoneza mbeu zophukira, kuphatikizapo ragweed.
Mankhwala othandizira kuwonongeka kwa ragweed
Njira yovuta kwambiri ndikupha ragweed ndi herbicides. Posachedwa, msika wayambiranso ndi ma herbicides am'badwo watsopano, omwe, powononga namsongole, nawonso amawola m'nthawi yochepa asanafike pamtunda wa zomera ndi zinyalala. Zinthu ngati izi zimaphatikizapo AmbroMag, Tornado, Hurricane Forte, Roundup, etc.
Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito herbicides m'malo okhala ndi ragweed ndi maudzu ena kunja kwaderalo - misewu, malo osiyidwa, malo opanda anthu, ndi zina zambiri. Njira zosinthika ndizofunikira kuti muchepetse kufalitsa kwa nthangala za nthangala.
Kumbukirani! M'madera okhala, malo odyetserako ziweto, ngakhale ali kudzikoli, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa sikuletsedwa.
Pogwiritsa ntchito herbicides, khalani osamala kwambiri komanso osamala, tsatirani zonse zofunika pamapaketi kapena malingaliro ena. Musaiwale za ukhondo pazodziteteza.
Wokondedwa Reader! Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhani yathu ikulolani kuti muzindikira kuyipa kwa ragweed, ndipo njira zomwe akufuna kuti ziwonongedwe zipereke zotsatira zomwe mukufuna. Sitikukayikira kuti aliyense wa inu adapanga njira zake za udzu popanda kudzivulaza nokha ndi banja lanu, nthaka komanso mbewu zomwe zidakulidwa. Gawani zinsinsi zathu kwa ife, zomwe zingathandize kupanga njira zatsopano zothandizira ndikuchotsa dziko lathu pazabwino.
