Zikuwoneka kuti ntchito yosavuta kutenga ndikubzala mtengo. Koma zoona zake - izi ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zomwe muyenera kudziwa ndipo zonsezo ziyenera kuonedwa. Kupanda kutero, mutha kupeza zotsatira zosiyana kwambiri zomwe wolima munda aliyense amalota. Pobzala mtengo molakwika, mosayembekezereka, mutha kukwanitsa mbewu yocheperako kapena osayidikirira konse, kapena, m'malo mwa zaka zingapo kuyambira mutabzala mpaka mbeu yoyamba, dikirani zipatsozo kawiri, kapena kutalika katatu. Ndiye kodi mumabzala bwanji mtengo molondola? Tidzakambirana pankhaniyi.
Mtengo wachinyamata m'munda.
Madeti obzala mitengo yazipatso
Amadziwika kuti mitengo imabzalidwe nthawi yamasika komanso nthawi yophukira. Nthawi yabwino yophukira isanayambike kuphuka. M'mayiko ambiri a Russia, uwu ndi Epulo. M'dzinja, kubzala kuyenera kumalizidwa masiku 15-20 isanayambike nyengo yozizira. Nthawi zambiri mitengo yobzalidwa mu Okutobala, nthaka ikakhala yonyowa, sipakhalanso yotentha komanso yosazizira.
Podziwa masiku obzala, aliyense akhoza kusankha yekha nthawi yomwe angavute kuti abzalire mtengo. Mwachilengedwe, nthawi yochepa mu kasupe: sizotheka nthawi zonse kusanja mtengo musanaphuke; Yophukira ndi nthawi yopanda phokoso, ndipo kusankha mbande mu nazale ndichabwino kwambiri. Mukamagula mtengo mu kugwa, kuganiza kuti mudzabzala kasupe, muyenera kukumba kwina ndikutchinjiriza ku makoswe.
Nursery ndiye malo abwino kugula
Lamulo loyamba lokha kubzala mtengo uliwonse limayamba ndikusankha malo omwe adapeza. Kugula mitengo ndizabwino kwambiri ku nazale. Ndikofunika kuti nazale yomwe mukamagula mmera ukhala bwino mumzinda wanu kwazaka zingapo. Ndi mu nazale kuti mutha kugula mmera wathunthu waz mitengo iliyonse, yolingana ndi mitundu, yopanda matenda komanso yopanda matenda.
Komabe, ngakhale mutagula, onetsetsani kuti mukuyang'ana mizu, gawo lakulengayo, ndipo ngati simupeza zowola, zotumphukira, mizu yowuma, ndiye kuti mmera ungagulidwe. Mwa njira, ndibwino kunyamula mmera kupita nawo pamalo ake poyika kumanga mizu yake mu dothi, ndikumwaza mizu ndi utuchi ndikukulunga ndi thumba la pulasitiki.
Mmera aliyense ali ndi malo ake
Kuti mtengo ukule bwino patsamba lanu, muyenera kusankha malo ake. Mitengo yambiri imakula bwino m'malo opepuka, opanda mthunzi, wopanda zipsinjo ndi kupsinjika (malo omwe amasungunuka kapena madzi amvula amadzaza), pamadothi okhala ndi nthaka yopanda madzi osayandikira mamita awiri.
Ndizosangalatsa ngati chitetezo chili kumbali yakumpoto ngati khoma la nyumba, mpanda kapena mawonekedwe ena, palibe mtengo womwe ungamukane. Sankhani malo omwe mbewu yomwe mukubzala sipanakhalepo zaka zisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazo. Osabzala, ndikuti, mtengo wa apulo mtengo wa apulo kachiwiri, ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa chiyani?
Chilichonse ndichopepuka: kuwonjezera pa chakuti mtundu wina wazikhalidwe umayamwa zofunikira m'nthaka mu kuchuluka komweko, "umalimbitsanso" nthaka ndi tizirombo ndi matenda, nthawi yachisanu kapena tulo, yomwe imathandizira pomwepo pamalo omwewo chikhalidwe.
Mtundu wamtundu ulinso wofunikira, chifukwa malo oyenera samangokhala kopepuka, ngakhale chinyontho sichimayenda. Mitengo yambiri imamera bwino kokha munthaka yabwino komanso yopanda chonde, monga chernozem, loam ndi zina. Osabzala mitengo pamchenga kapena dothi lowoneka bwino popanda kukonzekera gawo loyambira: kumasula (kuwonjezera kwa mchenga wa mitsinje kapena, mwachitsanzo, mankhusu a buckwheat) - izi ndizomwe zimachitika ndi dongo kapena, zisindikizo (kuwonjezera dongo ku dothi, nthawi zambiri chidebe pa lalikulu mita) - pamtunda wamchenga.
Mlingo wa pH, mwachitsanzo kuchuluka kwa acid ndi alkali, ndikosakayikitsa ndikofunikira. Njira yabwino nthawi zambiri imakhala pH kuchokera pa 6.0 mpaka 7.0, ngati ili yokwera, ndiye kuti dothi ndi zamchere, pansi pake pali acidic, mitengo yochepa ngati dothi. Mutha kuyang'anitsitsa mulingo wa pH ndi kuyesedwa wamba, kutsitsa chidutswa chamadzi m'madzi ndikuchiviika pamenepo. Mtundu momwe pepalalo limaphatikizidwira likuwonetsa mulingo wa pH. Mapepala okhala ndi zitmus ndi masikelo angagulidwe ku malo aliwonse a dimba.
Banja labwinobwino.
Mtunda pakati pa mbande
Pankhaniyi, tikukamba za njira yomwe ikamatera. Mitengo, kaya ndi yotani, sikuti imakonda makulidwe. Ngakhale mmera uli wocheperapo ndi phesi locheperapo komanso mphukira zingapo, zikuwoneka kuti mita ya malo opandaule ndi yokwanira, komabe, patatha zaka zisanu, pamene chimanga champhamvu kwambiri pamtunda chimapangidwa, korona wa mtengo wanu uyamba kusokoneza mitengo yoyambira kapena zitsamba, kuyamba kufalikira, imakhala yoyipa mbali imodzi, kenako palibe chomwe chingachitike pokhudza mtengowo - mochedwa.
Kuti mupewe mavuto, musakhale adyera, pangani mitengo yayikulu kuti osachepera atatu metro kuchokera ku mitengo ina, izi zikuyenera kukhala zokwanira kukula korona.
Feteleza nthaka musanabzike
Musanafike pamtunda, mukasankha malo ndi mapulani, muyenera kukonzekera dothi moyenera. Kunja, zikuwoneka kuti dothi lonse ndilofanana, ndi lakuda kapena laimvi, loyandikira bulauni ndi zina zotero. M'malo mwake, kupangidwe kwa dothi kunganenedwe kukhala kwapadera. Pa tsamba limodzi, potaziyamu yekhayo ndiomwe ungakhale wokwanira kukwaniritsa zosowa za mtengowo, winayo - nayitrogeni, ndipo chachitatu zonse zazikuluzikulu za mtengo sizingakwanire.
Chifukwa chake, kuti achepetse ngozi ya mtengowo mutabzala, nthaka iyenera kuphatikiza manyowa musanabzalidwe. Feteleza nthawi zambiri amamugwiritsa ntchito kukumba dothi, ndikugaya manyowa ozungulira kapena manyowa pamtunda (makilogalamu 4-5 pa 1 mita2), phulusa la nkhuni (250-300 g pa 1m2) ndi nitroammofosku (supuni pa 1 mita2) Nthawi zambiri feteleza awa amakhala okwanira kuti mtengowo umayamba kukula bwino malo atsopano.
Mukamakonza dothi, onetsetsani kuti muchotsa maudzu onse, makamaka ma nthano a tirigu, ndiye oyamba mpikisano, ndipo poyambira moyo wa mtengowo, sipayenera kukhala wina pamalowo. Udzu wa tirigu, panjira, umatha kubwezeretsa kukula kwake ngakhale sentimita imodzi yokha ya muzu ukatsala m'nthaka.
Zinthu zopanga kogulitsa fossa
Nthaka ikakonzeka, mutha kuyamba kupanga maenje okufikira. Njirayi ndi wamba, osati yovuta, koma pali malamulo ake. Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kukumba mabowo, kupangira m'mphepete ngakhale, kuyeza 25-30% kuposa kuchuluka kwa mizu ya mtengowo, ndikuwumba osachepera milungu ingapo musanabzalire mmera.
Kukumba koyambilako kwa dzenje kudzapangitsa kuti dothi likhazikike ngakhale mbande isanayikidwemo, pamenepo sipadzadabwitsanso kovuta ngati kambewu kakanatha masiku angapo mutabzala. Onetsetsani kuti mwakonza zotaya kuchokera ku dongo lokulitsa, njerwa zosweka kapena miyala pansi pake.
Mitengo yambiri ngati ngalande, singalolere madzi kuzimiririka pafupi ndi mizu ndikusankha kuvunda kwake. Pamwamba pa ngalande, ndikofunikira kuthira gawo lina la michere, monga omwe wamaluwa amachitcha - pilo ya michere. Iyenera kukhala ndi dothi losakanikirana la humus ndi michere (nthawi zambiri topsoil ndiyo yopatsa thanzi kwambiri) mulingo wofanana ndikuwonjezera kwa 50 g ya phulusa la nkhuni ndi 15-20 g wa nitroammophos. Asanayikidwe ndi mizu ya mmera mu dzenje, iyenera kuthiriridwa bwino.
Kukhazikitsa kwa mmera pobowola.
Momwe mungayikire mmera mu dzenje?
Timapita mwachindunji kukamatenga. Chifukwa chake, dzenjelo lakonzeka, lodzazidwa ndi feteleza, kuthiriridwa ndipo kwatha masiku 12-14, dothi lakhazikika ndipo mutha kubzala mtengo pamalo osatha.
Ndikofunika kuti ndiyambe kuyikapo ndikukhazikitsa zikhomo zothandizira, ziyenera kuyikidwa kokha kuchokera kumpoto chakumpoto. Thumba lothandizira limafunika kuti mtengo ukhale wowongoka mpaka nthawi yoyamba kufikira mutalimba. Mukayikhazikitsa, muyenera kunyamula mtengo wathu ndikuona bwino thunthu lake. Pa thunthu mungathe kuwona mbali yoyipa kwambiri komanso yowala.
Mbali yamdima nthawi zambiri imakhala kumwera, mbali yakuwala ndi kumpoto. Ngati mukufuna mtengo kuti uzike mizu m'malo atsopano, muyenera kuyiyika motere: mbali yakuda ndiyang'anani kumwera, ndipo mbali yakumaso iyang'ane kumpoto. Chifukwa chake, tidzabzala mtengowo momwe udakulira kale mu nazale, ndipo kupsinjika pochokera pozizilitsa kumacheperachepera.
Kupitilira apo, mutabzala, yambani kutsitsa ndikutsitsa mizu yake ndikuwongolera bwino kuti ayang'ane mbali, osapindika, osathyoka ndipo osayendetsedwa kuchokera kutsogolo.
Mwambiri, ndikwabwino kubzala mtengo uliwonse pamodzi, munthu m'modzi azigwira mwamphamvu ndi thunthu, ndipo winayo ayenera kuwaza mizu ndi dothi. Mukadzaza mizu ndi dothi, yesetsani kusuntha mmera pang'ono kuti ma voids onse pakati pa mizu adzazidwe ndi dothi, osati mpweya. Mukabzala, tikukulangizani kuti muthane ndi dothi losanjikiza, ndiye kuti, kuwaza pang'ono - yaying'ono pang'ono, kenako - kutsanulirani dothi, kupangidwanso, ndi zina zotero, mpaka bowo ladzaza.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri mukabzala kuti mupeze kuti khosi la mizu (malo omwe mizu yake imalowa mumtengo) imakhala yokwera pang'ono kuposa nthaka, osachepera sentimita kapena pang'ono. Zikuwoneka kuti ndizovuta, makamaka, ngati mukulitsa khosi lanu, mtengowo umachedwa kukula, ndipo kulowa mu nyengo ya zipatso kumachedwa kwambiri (mu zipatso zamwala, mwachitsanzo, mizu ya khosi imatha kuchitika ndipo mtengowo udzafa).
Sichabwino kusiya kuyilambalala, ndikuyembekeza mwayi, ngakhale mutazindikira kuti "mwakumba" khosi mizu, kupsinjika kudzapangika mozungulira ndipo chinyontho chidzagwera panthaka, sizigwirizana ndi mvula kapena kuthirira, sizidzayenda chimbudzi ichi, ndipo khosi mizu iwola.
Mizu ikadzaza ndi dothi, pamafunika kuti dothi likhale losalala, ndikumangirira kumtengowo ndi "zisanu ndi zitatu" kuti mupewe kuponderezana, kenako ndikuthira dothi ndi zidebe zingapo za madzi ndikuonetsetsa kuti muloweka ndi dothi losanjikiza masentimita angapo .
Humus ndi mulch yabwino kwambiri, mutabzala mu nthawi yopumira imapulumutsa chinyezi kuchokera pakumera ndipo sichingalole kuti mizu ya mmera kuti isungunuke, ndipo mutabzala mmera mu masika, chosakanizira cha mulch mu mawonekedwe a humus chidzakhala chakudya chowonjezera, sichingalole kupangidwa kwa kutumphuka kwa nthaka ndikulepheretsa kukula kwa namsongole.
Kukhazikitsa kwa msomali wothandizira mukadzala mmeraKusamalira mmera woyamba
Ngati mukuganiza kuti pofesa mmera m'nthaka, kubzala kwatha, ndiye kuti mukulakwitsa. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimachitika pambuyo kufikira, komabe ziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi mndandanda wa zinthu zofunika kuziyika. M'dzinja, ndimatetezero a mitengo yaying'ono ku makoswe. Nthawi zambiri, mutabzala, thunthu lomwe limakulika pafupifupi 60 cm limakulungidwa mu ukonde wapulasitiki, ndipo nyambo yapoizoni imabalalika mozungulira mmera.
Mukabzala mu masika, ndikofunikira kuteteza mitengo yaying'onoyo kuti isayatsidwa ndi dzuwa poiyeretsa.
Pambuyo pa izi zonsezi, zili bwino kunena kuti kunyamula kwatha. Monga mukuwonera, palibe chovuta kubzala mtengo pamalo ake, ndipo ngati zonse zachitika molondola, mtengowo umabweretsa zipatso zoyambirira, zomwe zimangomera chaka ndi chaka.
