Wamaluwa ndi olima dimba amadziwa: kubzala yophukira kumasunga maola ofunika kwambiri masika mukakhala ntchito yambiri kotero kuti simudziwa zomwe muyenera kuyamba. Malinga ndi akatswiri, mbewu, kuphatikizapo zokongoletsera, komanso zamtundu wotere waulimi - kuyesa kuzizira kumazipangitsa kukhala zamphamvu, zimayambitsa zida zamkati. Zotsatira zake ndi zowolowa manja, ndipo nthawi zambiri m'mbuyomu kuposa kale, maluwa. Mukugwa, mutha kubzala pafupifupi maluwa aliwonse osatha. Zomwe mungasankhe - aliyense amasankha yekha, koma pali zokonda zina zomwe zimapezeka m'munda wachiwiri uliwonse.
Kodi kuyambilira kwa nyundo kumakhala kotheka kwa chiyani?
Mbeu zina zanyengo zitha kubzalidwa ngakhale m'nthaka youma pang'ono, sizowononga dzuwa
Chofunikira pakubzala mbewu zambiri ndi kupendekera (kuumitsa) kwa mbeu. Ndi kubzala kwa nyundo, njirayi imachitika mwachilengedwe. Mphukira zomwe zimakhwima nthawi zambiri zimayesedwa nyengo. Ana, monga lamulo, sawopa kuti abwerere ozizira komanso chisanu, zomwe zingasokoneze mbande zomwe zakula munkhokwe.
Maluwa omwe amabzala mu yophukira ali ndiubwino wina:
- amayamba kuphulika pafupifupi theka la mwezi kale kuposa omwe amafesedwa mchaka, ndikukhalanso okongoletsa nyengo yonse;
- chitetezo chokwanira chimakhala champhamvu, chimatha kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga;
- mtsogolomo safunikira kuti ndikawonjezeredwe pafupipafupi, ngati zipatso zokhwima monga momwe zimakhalira mwanjira ya makolo (zokwanira kamodzi zaka 2-3);
- perekani zinthu zodzala bwino kwambiri zomwe mwapeza pogawa mbewuzo m'magawo angapo;
- ndi odzipereka pochoka.
Minus yaying'ono imatha kuonedwa kuti mbewu yomwe imagulidwa nthawi yophukira ikukwera pang'ono kuposa masika. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chifukwa cha kuchoka, mbewu zosagwira ntchito zimafa. Komabe, sizoyenera kuthana ndi vutoli mwakukulitsa mbewuzo mu dothi - izi siziteteza iwo ku chisanu, koma mchaka zimapangitsa kuti mphukira zisasunthike kupita padzuwa.
Zomwe maluwa osatha angabzalidwe m'dzinja: 7 njira zabwino kwambiri
Olima maluwa adazolowera kuyambira kalekale kuti mababu okongoletsera ndi zitsamba zobzalidwa mu nthawi ya kugwa. Zowona kuti mwanjira iyi ndikutheka kukulira osatha popanda kuwononga zenera m'madzimo ndi masheya okhala ndi mbande ndizopeza zambiri zosangalatsa kwa ambiri. Chofunikira sichikhala cholakwika ndi nthawi yobzala mdzikomo: chapakati pa Russia nthawi zambiri pamakhala m'ma Novembala, kumadera akumwera - kumapeto kwa mwezi, kumpoto - chiyambi chake. Kutengera kutalika kwa nyengo, kusintha kwa ndandanda ndikotheka. Ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe zomwe maluwa amabzala mu nthawi yophukira, komanso kuganizira za padera pobzala ndi kulima, komanso muziganizira nthawi yomwe mudzagwiritse ntchito powasamalira.
Aster osayamba
Ziwonetsero zimasiyana osati maluwa komanso kutalika, komanso kapangidwe ka maluwa - ndi pinki, peony, chrysanthemum
Chikhalidwe cha maluwa okongoletsera maluwawa chimagwira mitundu yake yosiyanasiyana, komabe, mitundu yamaluwa yoyambirira, mwachitsanzo, maluwa a zipatso za alpine (mbewu zoyambira maluwa nthawi zambiri zimabzalidwa masika) ndizoyenera kubzala.
Mbewu zofesedwa mu Novembala. Njira yofunikira kubzala ndi nthaka yachisanu. Nthawi zina phula losatha limafesedwa ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa Disembala, mu chisanu. Kuti mphukira za masika zizioneka zochezeka, ndizosatheka kuzama mbewuzo mopitilira 0,5 cm kuchokera m'nthaka.
Kuti zikule bwino, kutsatira zinthu zingapo kumafunikira: chinyezi sichiyenera kuyenda pamalowo, apo ayi mizu iyamba kuwola, ndipo malowo akhale otentha kokwanira - asters adzafera pamthunzi.
Maluwa a mitundu yoyambirira yomwe yofesedwa m'dzinja imayamba mu Meyi-Juni (masabata 2-3 m'mbuyomu kuposa masika a masika). Ngati mbewu za maluwa omwe adachedwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofesa, maluwa adzayamba mu Seputembara-Novembala.
Kusamalira masika kumakhala ndi kupatulira: ngati nthambi zikakula kwambiri, zina zake zimayenera kuchotsedwa - ma aster adzaphuka bwino komanso mtunda wowonekera ngati mtunda pakati pawo ndi 20-30 cm. Komanso, kubzala kungafunikire kuthirira pamene chinyezi chikapangidwa chisanu chikutha . Ngati fumbi lakuthwa litakhala pansi panthaka, liyenera kumasulidwa. Nthawi yakula, maluwa amafunika kumera nthawi zonse, ndipo kamodzi pachaka amafunikira mavalidwe apamwamba ndi feteleza wovuta wa mchere.
Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, akatswiri amalangizanso kukonzekera kubzala kwa osachedwa asters okhala ndi mbande - kumapeto kwa dzinja, amawokedwa m'malo okhazikika. Maluwa ali ndi nthawi yoti azika mizu bwino, pokhapokha ngati dothi lawakonzera iwo masabata awiri 2-3 asanabzalidwe, ndipo malo omwe adasankhidwa ndi dzuwa.
Delphinium
Kukula ndi delphinium kuchokera ku mbewu ndikotsika mtengo kwambiri komanso kosavuta kuposa kugula zinthu zobzala zopangidwa mwakonzeka.
Kubzala nyengo yozizira ndi njira yabwino yothetsera iwo amene angafune maluwa kutuluka mu Meyi kapena koyambirira kwa Juni. Kwa delphinium, izi ndizowona, popeza kuyambira pamenepo mbewuyo imakhala ndi mwayi wokondweretsa wolima duwa uja mobwerezabwereza (chifukwa choti "mafunde oyamba" adadulidwa).
Kutengera mtundu wa nyengo ya nthawi yophukira, mbewu za delphinium zimafesedwa poyera mu Okutobala kapena Novembala. Amawazidwa ndi chopondera chophatikizika cha peat ndi mchenga wokutidwa ndi nthambi zowoneka kuti zimakhalako nthawi yozizira, mulingo wopulumuka udzaonekabe pang'ono kuposa mutabzala masika. Pamenepa, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mbeu zomwe zimadyedwa ndi 20-30% pakugwa. Mphukira imakhala yolimba komanso yochezeka, bola malo omwe ali ndi dzuwa asankhidwa, ndipo dothi likukonzekera bwino - anakumba ndikuthira feteleza.
Mu Seputembala, delphiniums amafalitsidwa pogawa ma rhizomes. Mu mbewu wazaka 3-4, imadulidwa kukhala zigawo za 7-10. Chofunikira ndicho kupezeka kwa gawo lililonse la impso kapena mphukira imodzi. Zomera zimalekerera nthawi yachisanu ndipo zimaphuka kwambiri mu June.
Posamalira, delphiniums sazindikira, koma kuthirira, makamaka mu nyengo youma, ndikofunikira kwa iwo.
Grassy peony
Kuti tchire likhale kutalika pang'ono, muyenera kuchotsa mphukira zamaluwa ndi mpeni
Chomera chimafalitsidwa ndi magawo, ndipo, monga lamulo, pakugwa. Chapakatikati, peony sanakonzekere njirayi - mizu yake imatha, chifukwa mphamvu zonse za chomera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga unyinji wobiriwira ndikupanga masamba. Kuphatikiza apo, zitatha kusintha, peonyyo ilibe nthawi yophuka mumnyengo yomwe ingoyamba kumene.
Ngati kufalitsa kwa ma codulets kumachitika mu kugwa (mkanjira yapakati - koyambirira kwa Seputembala), inflorescence yoyamba ipezeka mu Meyi. Sepatimenti yopanga tchire latsopanoli ndi yabwino chifukwa kutentha kumatha, kutentha kwausiku ndikosiyana kwambiri masana (chomera chimadutsa molimbika), kumagwa mvula nthawi zambiri, komwe kumakhala ndi phindu pa dothi.
M'magawo osiyanasiyana, nthawi ya ntchito izi ndi yosiyana pang'ono:
- ku Siberia, nthawi yoyambira pa Ogasiti 20 mpaka Seputembala 20 imawerengedwa kuti ndiabwino kwambiri;
- ku Urals - kuyambira pa Ogasiti 20 mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembala;
- mdera la Volga ndi dera la Moscow - kuyambira kumapeto kwa Ogasiti mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembala.
Chofunikira kwambiri ndikuti masiku 35-45 ayenera kukhalabe nyengo isanayambike. Ino ndi yokwanira kuti peonyyo ikulire mizu ina ndikulimba pansi. Kuchedwetsa nthawi yofikira kumakhala kovunda chifukwa choti chomera chosazika bwino chimatuluka nyengo yachisanu chitha kufooka ndipo sichitha kupirira tizirombo ndi matenda.
Kusamalira chomera chongobzala kumene kumafuna kuthirira mpaka malita 10 pachitsamba chilichonse. Mtsogolomo, mvula imathandiza kuthana ndi vutoli, koma nthawi yophukira ikadzauma, mbewuyo ingafunikire kuthirira 2-3 isanayambike nyengo yachisanu. Kuvala kwapamwamba sikofunikira pokhapokha ngati feteleza anathira panthaka pokonzekera kubzala. Mulimonsemo, nayitrogeni amatsutsana ndi peony panthawiyi - fetelezayu amayambitsa kukula kwa mphukira zobiriwira, zomwe ndizosafunikira kwambiri usiku wamadzulo.
Iwo omwe akukonzekera kufalitsa duwa mothandizidwa ndi mbewu yomwe imacha m'mabokosi m'malo mwa mphukira yakale akulimbikitsidwa kuti asiye ntchitoyo. Mitundu ya peony nthawi zambiri imasungidwa, ndipo zimatenga pafupifupi zaka zisanu kudikira maluwa.
Primrose
Ma bus awabzalidwe m'njira yoti pamapeto pa kubzala mbeu atseka: primrose molakwika ikutanthauza malo owonjezera
Wamaluwa amakonda primrose chifukwa ndi ena mwa oyamba kukongoletsa mabedi amaluwa ndi mitundu yowala. Maluwa adayamba m'mwezi wa Meyi, kufesa mbewu kumachitika pang'onopang'ono kugwa (mkanjira yapakati - kumapeto kwa Seputembala). Mbeu zimazika pang'ono - ndi 0,5 masentimita, kubzala ndikuphimbidwa kuti muteteze ku chisanu champhamvu nthawi yozizira.
Momwe mungayang'anire kukula bwino kwa mbewu zam'tsogolo ndi malo osankhidwa bwino (primrose amakonda mchenga), chonde komanso chinyezi chokwanira m'nthaka.
Ngati kubzala maluwa kukonzekera kukongoletsa mwala, muyenera kupewa mbali yakumwera.
Ngati kubzala ndi kufalikira sikofunikira, ndiye kugwa ntchitoyi iyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa Seputembara kapena Okutobala kuti primrose ili ndi nthawi yokwanira kuzika mizu isanayambike nyengo yozizira, apo ayi nyengo yozizira imakhala yosavuta. Poterepa, ndikosavuta kwa okhala kum'mwera, ali ndi nthawi yambiri yosungirako.
Kugawika kwa tchire kumachitidwanso mu kugwa, kutha kwa gawo lomera. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuphimba mbewu zazing'ono osadikira kuti nyengo yozizira kwambiri izikhala.
Phlox
Pogula zinthu zofunikira kubzala, muyenera kusamalira kukhalapo kwa mphukira zokongola bwino za 5, kutalika kwake mpaka pafupifupi 6 cm
Phloxes amafalitsidwa ndikudula, popeza amazika mizu, ndipo izi zimachitika bwino kwambiri mu kugwa: masika a masika amasintha maluwa kwa chaka chathunthu, ndipo "maluwa" a malimwe amatuluka chilimwe.
M'masiku akale, phlox ku Russia amatchedwa "woyimbira."
Ndizoyeneradi, kubzala masiku kumatsimikiziridwa kutengera mitundu ya duwa: koyambilira ndi koyambirira kwa masiku oyambirira amapanga zomwe zimatchedwa "masamba atsopano" kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mbewuyo imatha kufalikira kale. Kwa ma phlox omalizira, nthawi imeneyi imakakulitsidwa zaka khumi za Seputembala. Mulimonsemo, kubzala ndi kufalikira kwa tchire kuyenera kumalizidwa pofika pakati pa Okutobala kuti mbewu zanthete zisadwale ndi chisanu. Mizu yodula mizu nthawi zambiri imatenga masiku 30 mpaka 40.
Phlox wobzalidwa yophukira amafunika chisamaliro chochepa, ngakhale kuthilira sikumafunikira kwenikweni, popeza mvula yam'dzinja imapatsa mbewuyo chinyezi. Koma kuvala pamwamba kumakhala kothandiza - feteleza wosakanikirana amasakanikirana ndi phulusa ndikumwazika malo owuma. Mu kasupe, kubzala kumathiriridwa ndi madzi kuchepetsedwa ndi feteleza wa mchere mmenemo, chifukwa cha izi, maluwa amatukuka, komanso nthawi yayitali.
Zomera zobzalidwa mu yophukira zimatetezedwa ku chisanu ndi mulching - ndi utuchi ndi peat. Chapakatikati, chisanu chikasungunuka, mulch imachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo.
Astilba
Zithunzi za Astilbe zimawoneka zochititsa chidwi kwambiri poyerekeza ndi maziko a ferns komanso mthunzi wa conifers, koma kubzala m'modzi kumatha.
Chomera chokongola ichi, chochokera ku Juni mpaka Ogasiti, chimafalitsidwa bwino mwakugawa chitsamba. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwira ntchito mu kugwa, pomwe mkati mwa masabata 2-3 kutentha kwapakati sikugwera pansi +5zaC. Pakati pa Russia, kuyamba kwa Seputembala kumawerengedwa kuti ndi nthawi yoyenera kubzala nyenyezi yam'madzi.
Maluwa amayamba chilimwe chotsatira (m'chigawo chachiwiri), komabe, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti asalole izi, kudula maluwa omwe akupanga. Njira zosafunikira "zogwiritsira ntchito" zosafunikira ziyenera kumwedwa chifukwa chomera cholimba kwambiri nthawi zina chimafa, ndikupereka mphamvu zake zonse kumaluwa.
Zina mwa chikhalidwe ichi ndi kukula kwa mizu mu mawonekedwe a chisumbu chomwe chimakwera pamwamba pa nthaka. Izi zimafooketsa chomeracho, kotero zaka 4-5 zilizonse zimafunikira kufalikira. Chimachitika kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala, pomwe chitsamba chachikuluchi chimagawidwa m'mitundu ingapo. Ngati ntchitoyi inaimikidwa mochedwa, dothi lozungulira malo obzala mwatsopano liyenera kuumbika ndi utuchi, udzu kapena nthambi za spruce), kuti mbewuzo zitha kupulumuka nyengo yachisanu.
Kusamalira ma astilbe nthawi zambiri kumatsikira kuthirira: akangomva madzi ochepa, inflorescence imakhala yaying'ono, masamba amafota.
Astilba bwino imalekerera nyengo yozizira ya ku Russia (mpaka -37 ° C), sikuti imadwala, ndipo tizirombo ta m'munda sikuchita nawo chidwi kwenikweni.
Verbeynik mfundo
Chiyembekezo chamoyo wokhala ndi chisamaliro choyenera ndizoposa zaka 10
Mtengowu, waposachedwa, wotchuka pakati pa olima maluwa, nthawi zambiri umafalitsidwa ndi njere kapena wobala zipatso. Zonsezi zimapangidwa nthawi ya kugwa, koma zokonda zimaperekedwanso ku njira yachiwiri, ndipo chifukwa chake: mbewu yobzala kuchokera kumbewu imangoyambira pachaka chachitatu. Panthawi yobzala zipatso pogawa tchire, maluwa amawonekera kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wotsatira wa June ndikupitilizabe kusangalala ndi mitundu yowala mpaka pakati pa Ogasiti.
China imadziwika kuti ndi kwawo kwa looseestrife, komwe mungapeze mitundu yoposa 70 ya duwa.
Ntchito yodzala ikuchitika mu Seputembara-Okutobala. Kuti chomera chikonzekere bwino nthawi yozizira, sipayenera kukhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono nthawi yobzala. Ngati chitsamba chathunthu chasokedwa kupita nacho kwina, osagawika kambiri, chisamaliro chikuyenera kuonetsetsa kuti bowo lomwe lakonzedwalo ndi lakuya kwambiri kuposa lomwe linapitilapo. Izi ndizofunikira kuti maluwa asachedwe, koma akuyamba chaka chotsatira.
Zina zomwe pomwe loosestrife imasungira kukongoletsa kwake kwa nthawi yayitali ndi nthaka yachonde komanso nthaka yayitali. Koma saopa kuzizira, ndipo safunika kuphimba maluwa.
Atatha kudziwa kubzala kwa nthawi yophukira kwa nyengo yophukira, mlimiyo akuwonetsetsa kuti mchilimwe samataya nthawi yobzala mbewu, koma kumayambiriro kwa nyengo amakhala ndi mabedi amaluwa ndi mbewu zolimba zomwe zidazimitsidwa ndi kuzizira kwa dzinja. Sakuyenera kuzolowera malo otseguka, ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuyambitsa maluwa kale kuposa zomwe zimachitika pakubzala masika.
