Basamu ndi maluwa okongola, ochulukirapo komanso owala bwino, osafunikira maluwa apadera, omwe adabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Zilumba za Zanzibar. Madera a Africa ndi mayiko a Central Asia amatchulidwanso kuti kwawo. Ku CIS, chofalikira chamnyumba ichi chimadziwika bwino pansi pa mayina ena: "Wet Vanka", "Twinkle" ndi "Touchless." Banja la basamu lili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 500 ya mbewu zomwe zili ndi mitundu yambiri ya mitundu - kukonda chinyezi ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Kuti basamu ichimere kwambiri komanso mopepuka, chisamaliro panyumba chiziganizira kuthilira nthawi zonse komanso koyenera, komanso kuyika nyumba. Zomwe muyenera kudziwa za kuswana chomera ichi? Ndi zinthu ziti zofunika kuzisamala?
Onaninso: momwe mungasamalire mafuta a basamu wamunda?
Maonekedwe a basamu: chithunzi cha zomera zamkati ndi kufotokozera
Maluwa oti adzagulidwe ku golosale nthawi zambiri amakhala odera osalala komanso osalala, masamba owala amtundu wautali wobiriwira kwambiri kapena wobiriwira wakuda ndi utoto wofiirira. Tsinde limatha kufika 35-50 masentimita, ndipo masamba omwe amakhala pafupi ndi muzuwo amatha kuwalowetsa muzowoneka ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka masentimita 7 mpaka 11. Mtundu wa basamu ulinso ndi oimira pachaka.
Izi ndizomwe mafuta a chipinda amawoneka - Zithunzizi zidatengedwa panthawi yamaluwa ambiri.
Oyimira pachaka amakula poyera. Zofunikira posamalira zidzakhala chimodzimodzi.
Mitundu yonseyi ya maluwa imatha kutulutsa maluwa ndi maluwa amodzi, maluwa omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino: oyera ngati chipale, oyera ofiira, ofiira, owala lalanje (moto) ndi enawo.
Kukongola kwa maluwa mumtundu wachilendo wa ma cell:
- opezeka mwaulere;
- ophatikizidwa awiriawiri;
- kupezeka kwa inflorescence ya wamtali wamtambo m'modzi;
- utoto wamitundu mitundu: pink-burgundy, chikasu-utoto, zofiirira zoyera ndi zina;
- Mphukira yaying'ono yoyera yowulula miyala yayikulu, yowala komanso yodzadza.
Maonekedwe osatha a chaka chonse. Koma pokhapokha ngati kusamalira basamu kunalipo kunyumba - chithunzicho chikuwonetsa zathanzi labwino kuchokera ku mitundu yonse. Ngati woimira banja pachaka wakula mumphika, ndiye kuti adzakondwera ndi maluwa akulu m'chilimwe. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, nthawi yamaluwa imakulitsidwa ndi 1-1.5.
Momwe mungasankhire malo oyenera a basamu amkati: zithunzi ndi malamulo
Mamembala onse a banja la basamu ndi a chomera cha herbaceous. Ngati nyumbayo ili ndi zenera loyang'ana kum'mwera, awa ndi malo awo. Koma ndikaika poto pawindo, ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti dzuwa lowongoka, lowala kudzera m'malilore, limatha kuwiritsa masamba owala komanso owala. Kuti tiwonetsetse bwino basamu wamkati panthawi yotentha, ndikofunikira kuyika chitetezo kapena kusankha pawindo lomwe kuwala kwadzuwa kumachedwetsedwa kwakanthawi kochepa. Pofika nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kuchotsa chitetezo ndikuyika poto pamalo owayikira kwambiri.
Mafuta a basamu nawonso:
- konda mpweya wabwino;
- osalekerera kukonzekera kolimba;
- sakonda chisanu ndi kuzizira - nthawi yozizira ndibwino kusunthira poto ndi chomeracho kutali ndi galasi, pafupi m'mphepete mwa sill yawotchi, momwe kutentha kuchokera batiri kumamvekera;
- mukayatsa chipinda nthawi yozizira, ndibwino kusiya chomera kutali ndi zenera.
Ngati mphika ukaikidwa molakwika, mtunduwo umataya mawonekedwe ake korona - amatambalala, phesi limawululidwa, masamba otsika amagwera, ndipo maluwa sakonda. Chomera chimaponyera masamba pamwamba pa tsinde.
Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa chisamaliro cha basamu kunyumba yomwe idachitidwa molakwika.
Kutsirira koyenera ndi gawo lofunikira mu chisamaliro cha basamu m'chipinda.
Zomera zosatha komanso pachaka zimapereka maluwa owala pokhapokha ngati dothi kapena momwe akukhalamo likhale lonyowa. M'chilimwe, duwa limapatsidwa chinyezi chochulukirapo, ndipo nthawi yozizira, kuchuluka kwa madzi kumachepetsedwa ndi 1/3. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuthira madzi osalala osadetsedwa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuteteza madzi ampopi kwa masiku osachepera atatu.
Kuthirira pafupipafupi komanso pang'ono kumafunikira. Simungathe kudzaza chomera. Mwanjira imeneyi, mizu imayamba kuvunda ndipo maluwa amasowa. Kuti mupewe izi, ndi bwino kupanga ngalande yabwino.
Ngati mafuta a basamu amayang'aniridwa bwino kunyumba, ndiye kuti, mutathirira madontho amtundu uliwonse kumawoneka masamba a mbewu. Maola angapo pambuyo pake adzakomedwa. Mbali iyi ya maluwa imadziwonetsera yokha m'chilimwe.
Kodi ndizikhala ndi kutentha kapena chinyezi chanji?
Mtengowo umakhala wabwino ndikutentha. Chomera chapamwamba chatengera kale momwe zinthu ziliri, komabe ndizovuta kuvomereza kuzizira. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yozizira chipindacho chizikhala chosachepera 13-160 C, ndipo nthawi yotentha - 20-240 C.
Mafuta a basamu ngati chinyezi, ndiye ngati singano ya thermometer idakwera pamwamba 220 C, chipindacho chikuyenera kuwonjezera chinyezi. Kupanda kutero, maluwa adzauma. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyika chidebe chamadzi pafupi ndi mphika.
Mavalidwe apamwamba ndi dothi
Chofunikira pa chisamaliro cha basamu m'chipinda ndi kupatsirana kwa mbewuyo kuti ikhale dothi losankhidwa bwino komanso kuvala pamwamba. Kubzala zodula mumphika (balsamic kufalitsa kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito zodula) kapena kubwezeretsa chomera kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa masika musanayambe maluwa kapena nthawi yophukira itayamba maluwa. Timatenga dothi:
- Gawo limodzi lamtunda ndi humus,
- ½ gawo peat ndi 1 mchenga.
Mafuta a basamu amabzala mumphika wochepa. Sakonda makontena ambiri, popeza mizu yake imayenera kumangiririka dothi. Akamachita izi mwachangu, amayamba kumera ndikupatsa maluwa. Mumphika waukulu, kukula kumachepera.
Ngati mulibe gawo laling'onoting'ono, ndiye kuti zodulidwa ziwiri zingabzalidwe mumphika umodzi patali pafupifupi masentimita 5-6. Zomera zimagwirizana bwino kwambiri.
Mafuta a basamu amadyetsedwa mbewuzo zikangotuluka. Monga feteleza, zosakaniza za potaziyamu-phosphorous ndizabwino kwambiri. Iwowonjezera mumphika nthawi 1 iliyonse masabata awiri a maluwa. M'nyengo yozizira, mutha kupatsa mavalidwe apamwamba a nayitrogeni. Amachulukitsa zobiriwira pa tsinde, koma manyowa ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono osati kawirikawiri.
Mafuta a basamu amatha kufalikira ndi mbewu. Zofesedwa kumapeto kwa February mu bokosi. Zomera zokha zipatsa eni ake kuchuluka kwa njere. Pokhapokha mutazisonkhanitsa muyenera kusamala. "Kukhudza" kukhudza kocheperako (kuwomba mphepo) kupita ku bokosi lopsa kumatulutsa.
