Mtengo wosambira wa herbaceous osambira (Trollius) ndi nthumwi ya banja Ranunculaceae. Mwachilengedwe, imapezeka ku Asia, North America ndi Europe, pomwe ku Western Europe imamera m'mapiri, ndipo ku Eastern Europe kumapanga nkhalango, mitengo ndi mitsinje. Zomera zoterezi ndizofala ku Asia, zimapezeka kuthengo kulikonse kulikonse kupatula kumadera akumwera. Ndipo kudera la North America mutha kukumana ndi mitundu ingapo ya asodzi. Amakhulupilira kuti dzina lachi Latin la mmera limachokera ku liwu lachijeremani "Trollblume", lotanthauza "duwa la troll". Malinga ndi mtundu wina, dzinali limaganiziridwa kuti limachokera ku liwu lakale lachijeremani "troll", lotanthauzidwa "mpira", izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonekera kwa tchire lokha ndi maluwa ake. Maonekedwe a dzina loti "bafa" amakhala chifukwa chakuti chikhalidwe chotere chimakonda kukula m'malo achinyontho. Mndandanda wa Zomera uli ndi malongosoledwe amitundu 29 ya lenti.
Zambiri za kusambira
Leotard amakhala ndi masamba okhala ngati masamba a kanjedza kapena lobed. Monga lamulo, kukulitsa kwa ma peduncle kwawonedwa kwa zaka ziwiri. M'chaka choyamba, rosette wa mizu imapangidwa kuthengo. Ndipo m'chaka chachiwiri, mphukira imakula, imasamba masamba kumtunda kwachitatu, ndipo pamwamba kwambiri limamasuwa. Pa tivi la maluwa pali petiole masamba akuluakulu, komanso timapepala tating'ono, tating'ono. Nthawi zambiri, mphukira zamtundu zimamera kuchokera ku tsamba limalakwika, pamwamba pake pomwe palinso maluwa. Maluwa ofananira nawo pafupi kwambiri, ang'ono awo kukula. Mawonekedwe a maluwa ndi ozungulira, amatha kukhala otseguka kapena otseguka. Kuphatikizika kwa duwa kumaphatikizapo mawonekedwe a perianth corolla, komanso manda 5-20, opentedwa mu lalanje wolemera kapena chikasu chowala. Maluwa amatha kukhala ndi mtundu wosinthira: kuchokera wobiriwira kupita ku lalanje kapena chikasu. Ma Nectaries amasinthidwa a corolla petals, pafupi ndi maziko awo pali dzenje la uchi. Kununkhira kwa maluwa sikulimba komanso kosangalatsa, ndikosangalatsa njuchi komanso tizilombo tina. Chipatsocho ndi tsamba lomwe limatsegulira msoko wamkati, iwo amatenga chipatso. Mbeu zosalala bwino zimapakidwa zakuda.
Kubzala leotard poyera
Kufesa mbewu
Ngati leotard wakula kuchokera kumbewu, amafunikira kuzizira asanabzala. Mwachitsanzo, mbewu zimafesedwa mu chidebe nthawi ya kugwa, pambuyo pake imasamutsidwa kupita kuchipinda chosasambulidwa, komwe imasiyidwa mpaka kumapeto. M'nyengo yozizira, mbewu zimasanjidwa mwachilengedwe, ndipo kasupe, mbande zimatuluka. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, wamaluwa amasakaniza nthanga zatsopano ndi mchenga wofinyiramo, amaika chilichonse m'thumba, chomwe amachiyika pashelefu la firiji, yopangira masamba. Akhale pamenepo kuyambira miyezi itatu kapena inayi, pomwe kutentha kwakutentha kuli madigiri 2-4. Kubzala mbewu zokonzedwa m'nthaka yosakaniza kumachitika mu Marichi, kenako mbewuzo zimayikidwa m'malo otentha (pafupifupi madigiri 20). Kumera mbewu kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, mbande zoyambirira zimayenera kuonekera kuyambira pakati pa Epulo mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Meyi. Mbande zidzafunika kutetezedwa ku kuwala kwadzuwa, ziyeneranso kukumbukiridwa kuti zimayipa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa dothi. Kutola kumachitika pomwe tsamba lachiwiri lenileni limayamba kupanga mbande, pomwe mtunda wa 80-100 mm umawonedwa pakati pa mbewu. Kubzala mbande panthaka kumachitika mu Ogasiti.
Momwe mungabzalale swimsuit
Pansi pazachilengedwe, duwa lotere limatha kumera m'malo okhala ndi mthunzi komanso dzuwa. Komabe, podzala m'mundamo, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti asankhe dera lotseguka dzuwa, lomwe lili kutali ndi zitsamba ndi mitengo. Dothi lokamangidwa, lomwe limayenera kukhala loamy kapena loamy medium, komanso lili ndi humus yambiri, ndilabwino kwambiri kukula leotard. Komanso dothi lopepuka komanso lathanzi liyenera kukhala losalowerera. Kuti mulime duwa lotere, mutha kusankha dothi losauka, koma, panthawiyi, humus yolumikizidwa ndi peat ifunika kuwonjezeredwa kwa iye, kusakaniza uku kumathandizira kuyamwa bwino ndi kusunga madzi pansi. Makilogalamu 5 a chisakanizo chotere amayikidwa pa mita imodzi imodzi ya chiwembu.
Choyamba muyenera kukonzekeretsa maenje okufikira, mtunda pakati pawo woti ukhale wa 0.3 mpaka 0.4 m. Mukabzala, mbande zimatengedwa limodzi ndi mtanda wa dziko. Maluwa oterowo amakhudzika ndikusintha, chifukwa chake, pamalo omwewo akhoza kubzalidwa kwa zaka pafupifupi 10. Tchire lomwe ladzala ndi mbande zimayamba kuphuka mchaka chachitatu kapena chachinayi cha kukula.
Kusamalira leot m'munda
Ma bulugamu achinyamatawa amafunika kuti azitha kuthiriridwa mwadongosolo, ndipo masabata anayi oyamba ayenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa. Mabasi azaka zapakati pa 2-3, zomwe zimamera m'malo otentha, zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa 0,5-0.6 m Ngati mutayika leotard pamalo osinthika, ndiye pofika nthawi imeneyi kutalika kwake kungakhale 0.8-0.9 m, nthawi yomweyo, masamba petioles ndi mphukira amakula nthawi yayitali. Koma tisaiwale kuti chitsamba chomwe chimamera m'malo otetemera chimacha kwambiri, ndipo maluwa ake siwokhutitsidwa kwambiri. Ngati duwa lomwe limapangidwira mumtengowo limasankhidwira duwa, ndiye kuti kukula kwake ndikukula kumapitirira pang'ono, pomwe pamachitika izi pazaka 6 kapena 7 zokha. Kusowa kwa kuwala kumakhudzanso kukongola kwa maluwa, komanso mtundu wa maluwa omwe amatuwa kwambiri.
Momwe mungamwere ndi kudyetsa
Tchire tating'ono ndi akulu tiyenera kuthiriridwa madzi mwadongosolo komanso mokulira, makamaka m'malo a chinyezi komanso kutentha. Ndikofunikira kuthirira madzi osambira ndi madzi otentha okhazikika, omwe akuyenera kuwotenthedwa ndi dzuwa, ndipo ichi ndichofunikira. Alimi odziwa bwino ntchito zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kuyika dimba lalikulu pamalo abwino owoneka bwino, madzi azikolola mumvula. Mvula ikadutsa kapena chomera chikathiriridwa, ndikofunikira kumasula nthaka, ndipo maudzu onse ayenera kutulutsidwa.
Pa kuthirira, chomera chimatha kudyetsedwa ndi yankho la urea (kwa malita 10 a madzi 1 tsp. Mwa chinthu). Imayankhanso bwino kuvala kwapamwamba ndi Agricola kapena Nitrophos, ndipo yankho lake liyenera kukonzedwa chimodzimodzi ndi yankho la urea. Muyenera kudyetsa maluwa nthawi yotsegulira masamba, komanso asanaphuke.
Momwe mungafalitsire ndikusintha
Chikhalidwe ichi chimatha kudulidwa kuchokera ku njere, koma njira yoberekera sodziwika kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa. Monga lamulo, chomera chotere chimafalikira pogawa makatani, chimachitika kamodzi zaka 5 m'masiku omaliza a Ogasiti kapena m'masiku oyamba a Seputembala. Tchire labwinobwino komanso labwino, lomwe zaka zake ziyenera kukhala zaka 5-6, ndizoyenera kugawaniza. Tchire zoterezi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwamphamvu, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri ku mbewu yotere, chifukwa sizimalola kufalikira. Tchire zotere, monga lamulo, ndizosavuta kulekerera kupsinjika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kupatsirana.
Chitsamba cha makolo chimachotsedwa panthaka, zotsalira za dothi liyenera kuchotsedwa mu mizu yake, kenako ndikutsukidwa. Zitatha izi, mpeni wakuthwa-kachilombo kwambiri umadula chitsamba muchigawo zingapo, ziyenera kudziwika kuti chidutswa chilichonse chimayenera kukhala ndi mizere ingapo yokhala ndi mizu. Malo omwe mabala amathandizidwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni kapena yankho la potaziyamu permanganate. Kenako, mbali za chitsamba ziyenera kubzalidwa nthawi yomweyo m'mabowo zomwe zimafunika kukonzekereratu, mtunda wa pakati pa 0.3 mpaka 0.4 m mutayang'aniridwa pakati pawo. Mutabzala, khosi la chomera liyenera kuyikidwa pansi ndi 20-30 mm, pomwe masamba ayenera kuchotsedwa. Masamba azitsamba zazing'ono amakula pambuyo pa theka la mwezi.
Zisanu
Chikhalidwechi chimagwirizana kwambiri ndi chisanu, pokhudzana ndi izi, simuyenera kuphimba tchire nyengo yachisanu. Mu Seputembala kapena Okutobala, masamba a chitsamba ayenera kufa, kenako amachotsedwa kuti petioles okha omwe amatalika kutalika kwa 20-30 mm amatuluka pamwamba pa mundawo. Izi petioles zitha kuteteza impso zomwe zili pakatikati patuluka. Kuchokera pa duwa ili, duwa limakula chaka chamawa.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Chomera chimatha kukaniza matenda, komanso tizirombo. Komabe, ngakhale ndizachilendo, mbewuyi idadwalabe. Nthawi zambiri, kusamala kosayenera komwe kumayambitsa kugonjetsedwa kwa tchire ndi matenda a fungus, mwachitsanzo: smut kapena septoria. Zomera zikadwala, ndiye kuti izi zikadzachitika, ndikofunika kudula mbali zachisamba kapena kukumba mbewu zonse ndikuziwononga, nthaka ndi maluwa ayenera kuthiridwa ndi kukonzekera kwa fungicidal. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake matendawa adachitika, ndikuyesera kuthetsa zosowa zonse posamalira.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yosambira yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Wamaluwa amalima mitundu yambiri ya suti yosambira. Pansipa, omwe ali otchuka kwambiri afotokozedwa.
Ledebur's Trollius (Trollius ledebourii)
Mtunduwu ndiwosagwira kwambiri chisanu poyerekeza ndi ena onse. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi masentimita 100. Mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, mitunduyi imatha kupezeka ku Far East, China, Eastern Siberia, Mongolia ndi Japan. Masamba omwe ali ndi masamba opindika kwambiri ali ndi petioles. Mu phesi lowongoka, gawo lokhalo lokhalo lokhalo lachitatu ndi lamasamba. Maluwa otseguka m'mimba mwake amafika 50-60 mm, amapaka utoto wamaalalanje ndipo amakhala ndi timitengo tating'ono tating'ono, timene timakwera pang'ono pamwamba pa mbola. Mitundu yotchuka:
- Goliyati. Maluwa m'mimba mwake amafika pafupifupi 70 mm, timitsempha tawo timakhala ndi utoto wotuwa wa lalanje, ndipo ma anthers ndi lalanje.
- Mfumukazi ya Ndimu. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi mamitala 0.7. Imakongoletsedwa ndi maluwa achikasu achikasu okhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi mamilimita 40.
- Mphatso. Kutalika kwa tchire kumatha kufika 0,6 m.Maluwa ndi 50 mm kudutsa, timapikisano tawo ndi achikasu, ndipo manda ake ndi a lalanje.
- Mfumu ya Orange. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi mamilimita 0.5. Maluwa awiriwo ndi 50 mm, mapindikidwe ake ndi lalanje, ndipo manda ake ndi lalanje.
Leotard waku Asia (Trollius asiaticus)
Pazinthu zachilengedwe, mtunduwu umatha kupezeka ku Siberia, Polar Urals, Central Asia ndi Mongolia. Pa gawo la Russia, mtunduwu umatchedwanso "magetsi" kapena "mwachangu." Chomera chobiriwira chotchedwa herbaceous osatha chimakhala ndi masamba ofanana ndi masamba a kanjedza-kasanu, kutalika kwake kumasiyana kuchokera pa 0,5 mpaka 0.3 mita. Kutalika kwa peduncle kuli pafupifupi theka la mita. Maluwa otambalala m'mimba mwake amatuluka pafupifupi mamilimita 50, timitsempha tambiri ndi lalanje, ndipo mapindikidwe ake ndi ofiira. Mtunduwu ndi umodzi mwabwino kwambiri. Pali mitundu yamtundu wamtunduwu, yomwe ili ndi manda ambiri. Iwo anayamba kulima mu 1759.
Swimsuit waku Europe (Trollius europaeus)
Mwachilengedwe, mtunduwu umapezeka kuchokera ku tundra mpaka ku steppe zone ya Europe, komanso ku Western Siberia ndi Scandinavia. Kukula kwa tchire mwachindunji kumatengera nyengo zomwe zikula, mwachitsanzo, pakatikati patali imatha kufikira 0,8 m, ndipo mu tundra imangokhala 0,2-0.3 m. Rosette yamizu imakhala ndi masamba a masamba asanu ndi masamba asanu. Zomera zamtunduwu ndizokongola kwambiri, chifukwa ma lobes awo ali ndi mawonekedwe, mapulawo nawonso ndi owala komanso opindika. Tsinde limakhala lopunthika kapena losavuta, gawo lokhalo lachitatu lokhalo limakhala ndi masamba pachipuna. Maonekedwe a maluwa, omwe amafika pamtunda wa mamilimita 50, ndi ozungulira, amakhala ndi fungo labwino, ndipo amaphatikizanso manda 10 mpaka 20, omwe mtundu wawo umatha kusintha kuchokera ku golide kupita ku chikasu. Manda ndi timabowo timakhala tofanana, ndipo amtunduwo ali ndi utoto wonenepa wa lalanje. Kawonedwe koyambira kuyambira zaka za zana la 16. Pali mitundu iwiri:
- mawonekedwe a maluwa, omwe maluwa ake ndi achikasu;
- mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi maluwa akuluakulu, komanso utoto wambiri.
Leotard wapamwamba kwambiri (Trollius altissimus)
Imapezeka zachilengedwe ku Western Europe ndi Carpathians, pomwe nyamazo zimakonda kumera mu udzu wamtali komanso chonyowa. Rosette yayikulu imakhala ndi masamba obiriwira okhala ndi masamba obiriwira okhala ndi kutalika kwakutali pafupifupi 0.6. Masamba opatsika mwamphamvu ali ndi m'mphepete mozungulira, mitsempha ya convex imatha kusiyanasiyana. Tsinde lolunjika la mita imodzi ndi theka nthawi zambiri limamera. M'matumba a masamba akuluakulu a tsinde, 5 mpaka 7 mphukira zam'mera zimamera, zomwe zimakhala ndi maluwa obiriwira achikasu mkaka, m'mimba mwake amafika 60 mm.
Bathhouse Altai (Trollius altaicus)
Mwachilengedwe, mitunduyi imapezeka ku Western Siberia, Mongolia, Central Asia, Northern China ndi Altai. Magawo omwe ali ndi masamba apansi ali ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa kanjedza ndi petioles, adalumikizidwa mu socket, kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi 0.3 mamita. Tsinde limatha kukhala lopindika kapena losavuta, limafikira 0.8-0.9 m kutalika, ndipo masamba owoneka bwino amawaphimba . Maluwa ozungulira masentimita awiri amafika 50 mm, amakhala ndi manda 10-20 achikasu kapena lalanje, kunja kwake ndi kofiyira, komanso masamba a lalanje. Utoto wa anthers wofiirira. Malingaliro adakulitsidwa kuyambira 1874.
Swimsuit wachikhalidwe (Trollius x cultorum)
Mwanjira imeneyi, mitundu yambiri ndi minda yamitengo yamtengoyi imaphatikizidwa, mosiyana ndi mitundu yachilengedwe, maluwa ake ndi akulu ndipo amakhala ndi utoto wambiri. Mitundu yotchuka:
- Golide. Madontho a maluwa ndi pafupifupi 60 mm, ndipo amapaka utoto wachikaso wonyezimira.
- Mafumukazi a Orange. Chitsamba chimafikira kutalika pafupifupi mamitala 0.6. Maluwa, otambalala mpaka 50 mm, ali ndi utoto walanje.
- Galimoto Yamoto. Kutalika kwa Bush ndi m'mimba mwake wamaluwa ndi ofanana ndi Amfumu a Orange. Maluwa amakhala ndi timalanje ta lalanje, pomwe masamba ake ndi ofiira owala.
- Mndandanda wamafuta. Maluwa m'mimba mwake amafika 40 mm, manda ake ndi achikasu achikuda, ndipo timadzi tating'ono timakaso.
- Alabaster. Maluwa ndi akulu, kuwala kirimu.
- Mbalame ya Canary. Mtundu wa maluwa ake ndi achikasu.
