Chomera chobiriwira nthawi zonse sichikulu kwambiri zamiya (Zamia) ndiogwirizana mwachindunji ndi banja la a Zamiaceae. Ili ndi thunthu lalikulu loumbika ngati mbiya, komanso masamba owoneka bwino a cirrus. Mtengowu ndi wobadwira kumadera otentha komanso madera a kum'mwera kwa America.
Mukamasulira dzina la duwa kuchoka pachilankhulo cha Chilatini, likukwaniritsidwa - kutayika, kutayika. Zamiya adatcha ma cones opanda kanthu. Ndipo pachomera ichi, ziwalo zoberekera (strobils) ndizofanana kwambiri ndi ma coniferous cones.
Mtengo wosakhala wamtali chonchi uli ndi thunthu losalala, lotsika, lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhala pansi, lotalika, komanso loyera. Masamba achikopa, glossy, cirrus ndi chowulungika. M'mphepete mwake mumakhala njerwa kapena yolimba, m'munsi imagawidwa pawiri (malo ochepa komanso ochepa). Nthawi zambiri pa masamba ophatikizika ndi masamba amawonekera bwino, amapezeka pansi, omwe poyamba amapentedwa utoto wobiriwira, kenako nkukhala maolivi. Pakukola kosalala, nthawi zina pamakhala minga zingapo.
Chomera ichi ndi mitundu. Chomera chachikulire chomwe chafika pakukula chimakhala ndi timapepala tachikazi pomwe ma megastrobils amakhala, omwe amakhala ndi corymbose sporophylls omwe amakhala ndi makonzedwe ataliitali, ndipo pambali pake pachinthucho pali mavuvu awiri opachikidwa. Pamasamba amtundu wamphongo pali ma microstrobiles. Chomera chomwe chimakula pang'onopang'ono kunyumba chimamasamba kwambiri.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Kupepuka
Amakonda kuwala kowala ndipo amatha kulekerera dzuwa mwachindunji, koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti m'miyezi yotentha ya chilimwe masana mbewuyo imayenera kuzimitsidwa. Kupanga rosette yokongola, yofananira, yamasamba, idasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono masiku angapo pang'onopang'ono ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana kulowera.
Njira yotentha
Chomera kwambiri cha thermophilic, chomwe nyengo yotentha imayenera kupereka kutentha kokwanira (kuchokera 25 mpaka 28 degrees). Zolimbikitsa zomwe zili bwino (madigiri 14 mpaka 17) nthawi yozizira. Chipinda chomwe kupanikiziracho chimayenera kukhala chotseguka mwadongosolo, komabe, nthawi yomweyo, chitetezeni ku engress ya mpweya wozizira ukuyenda.
Chinyezi
Palibe zofunika zapadera zakunyowa zam'mlengalenga. Pafupifupi mbewuyo imakula ndikukula ndi chinyezi chochepa komanso chambiri. Pazifukwa zaukhondo, kupukuta masamba nthawi zonse ndi kansalu konyowa kumafunikira.
Momwe mungamwere
M'nyengo yotentha, muyenera kuthilira madzi ochuluka. Komabe, pakati pa kuthirira pamtunda wapamwamba wagawo liyenera kuti liume bwino. Gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofewa komanso opanda vuto ndi izi. Ndi isanayambike nthawi yophukira, kuthirira kumayamba pang'ono, ndipo nthawi yozizira - kumayenera kukhala kuthirira kochepa. Onetsetsani kuti dothi silimayenda, koma dothi loumbika siliyenera kupukuta kwathunthu.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika nthawi yotentha nthawi 1 m'masabata atatu kapena anayi. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wovuta popanga zokongoletsera komanso zokongoletsera nyumba. M'nyengo yozizira, musadye.
Kusakaniza kwadothi
Malo oyenera ayenera kukhala osalimba pang'ono komanso okhala ndi michere yambiri. Pokonzekera zosakaniza zapadziko lapansi,
ndikofunikira kuphatikiza pepala ndi nthaka yoyera, peat, humus ndi mchenga, otengedwa magawo ofanana. Muyeneranso kuthira tchipisi cha granite chophwanyika.
Zinthu Zogulitsa
Popeza ichi ndi chomera chomwe chimakula pang'onopang'ono, chimayenera kuzipanikizidwa moyenera, monga lamulo, kamodzi zaka zitatu kapena zinayi, ndipo ndibwino kuti muchite izi mu kasupe nthawi yachangu isanakhazikike. Musaiwale za kukoka zabwino.
Njira zolerera
Itha kufalikira ndi njere kapena kudula. Kufesa mbewu kumachitika ndi dothi losakanikirana, pomwe liyenera kuyikidwa m'manda ndi gawo limodzi mwa gawo limodzi. Ndikofunikira kuphimba ndi filimu kapena galasi ndikuyika kutentha. Zikumera zomwe zawoneka kuti zimadzigwedera payekha m'matumba ang'onoang'ono.
Zodulidwa ziyenera kuyikidwa kaye m'madzi. Mizu yake ikawoneka, imabzalidwa m'nthaka.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Chikopa chokhazikika chitha kukhazikika. Ngati ndi kotheka, chotsani tizirombo ndi kutsuka masamba ndi sopo ndi madzi. Ngati matendawa ali amphamvu, ndiye kuti chithandizo chamankhwala apadera chidzafunika.
Kuyandikana kwamadzi munthaka sikuyenera kuloledwa, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kuti mawonekedwe azola.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
- Chingwe chimafota ndikugundika pansi pa tsinde - Kuchulukitsa kambiri m'nyengo yozizira.
- Brownish, mawanga owuma pamasamba - Kusowa kwa mchere kapena kuthirira kwambiri.
- Zomera kwambiri zidagwa masamba - idathiridwa ndi madzi ozizira kapena kuthirira pang'ono.
Mitundu yayikulu
Zamia pseudoparasitic (Zamia pseudoparasitica)
Chomera ichi chimakhala chobiriwira nthawi zonse ndipo chimatha kutalika masentimita 300. Zizolowezi zakale zimakhala ndi masamba mpaka masentimita 200 kutalika kwake, ndipo minga zokhala ndi spiny zimabalalika pamtundu wawo. Zolemba m'mizere yotalika kuyambira 30 mpaka 40 sentimita, ndipo m'lifupi - kuchokera 2,5 mpaka 3.5 cm. Masamba opaka mano omwe ali pansi amakhala atatulutsa mitsempha yayitali.
Zamia Wodzaza (Zamia furfuracea)
Ndi chomera chobiriwira nthawi zonse. Thunthu lake, lomwe limabisa pafupifupi pansi panthaka, lili ndi cholengedwa china ndipo paliponse ndi duwa lamaso amtundu wamtambo, kuyambira kutalika kuyambira 50 mpaka 150 sentimita. Zimachitika kuti thunthu la chomera chakale limamera pang'ono pamwamba panthaka. Timapepala tachikopa, tating'ono tambiri tili ndi mitsempha yodziwika bwino, yofanana yomwe ili kumbali yolakwika. Pamaso pawo pali utoto wowala wokhala ndi masikelo oyera oyera, ndipo timapepala tating'ono tili tating'ono tating'ono mbali ziwiri, ndipo akuluakulu okha mbali yolakwika.
Zamia zotsika (Zamia latifolia)
Mtengo wa kanjedza wotsika mtengo, womwe uli ndi mtengo wokulirapo wowumbika, womwe umatha kubisika kwathunthu pansi kapena kuwuka pamwamba pake. Kuyambira pamwamba pake, timapepala ta 2 mpaka 4 timapangidwa, titha kutalika masentimita 50-100. Timapepala ta Oval-oblong tili ndi mainchesi 5 kutalika ndi 15 mpaka 20 sentimita.
Zamia pygmy (Zamia pygmaea)
Chomera ichi ndichopanga komanso chobiriwira nthawi zonse, chokhala ndi thunthu laling'ono, chobisika pansi pa nthaka, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 25 ndi mainchesi awiri kapena atatu. Ma Leaglets siotalika kwambiri (kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 50 sentimita), okhala ndi magawo apakati (2 sentimita). Zovala zazikazi zimafika masentimita 5 kutalika. Ilinso ndi nthangala zing'onozing'ono (5 mpaka 7 mamilimita).
