Cherry maula ndi chikhalidwe chopatsa zipatso kwambiri komanso choyambirira, chomwe chimatha kusintha zinthu mwapadera, ndipo zipatso zake zatsopano ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira zimakoma kwambiri. Chifukwa cha zomwe tafotokozazi, chitumbuwa chambiri chikuchulukirachulukira pakati pa alimi chaka chilichonse.
Kutchire komanso chikhalidwe, chitumbuwa chachikulu ndichopezeka m'mapiri ku Tien Shan, Balkan, Central ndi Asia Minor, Iran, North Caucasus ndi Transcaucasia, Moldova komanso kumwera kwa Ukraine. Cherry maula amalimidwa ku Russia (ku Krasnodar Territory, ku Rostov, Belgorod, Kursk, Voronezh, Bryansk ndi madera ena), ku Ukraine, m'maiko a Asia ndi Western Europe.
Cherum maula (Prunus cerasifera), kapena Plum inafalikira kwambiri, kapena Plum chitumbuwa, amodzi mwa mitundu yoyambirira yaula maula. Chomera chazipatso kuchokera ku subfamily Plum banja Pinki.
Mitengo imakhala yofanana kapena yopindika, kuyambira 3 mpaka 10 m wamtali, yokhala ndi mizu yolimba komanso chopindika chozungulira, nthawi zambiri korona wa piramidi. Kutalika kwa moyo wa mtengo ndi zaka 30-50. Cherum maula amadziwika ndi kukhwima koyambirira komanso kukolola kwakukulu (15-25 makilogalamu a zipatso kuchokera mumtengo chaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu mutabzala).
Zipatso za chitumbuwa, kapena kuti maula zimafalikira. © BogdanAmasiya kwambiri ovate, ovate, nthawi zina lanceolate. Maluwawa ndi oyera, ofiira otuwa, nthawi zambiri amakhala osakwatiwa, ndipo masentimita 20 mpaka 40, pachimodzimodzi ndi masamba kapena kale. Chipatsocho ndi mtundu wozungulira wozungulira kapena wamtali, wolemera 6 g m'mitundu yakuthengo mpaka 60 g m'mitundu ina. Mtundu wa khungu la mwana wosabadwa ndi wosiyana - kuchokera kutuwa wachikasu mpaka utoto. Pulogalamuyi ndi yobiriwira, yachikasu kapena yapinki, muli shuga a 4-14%, asidi achilengedwe a 2-4%, ma pectins, flavanoid, anthocyanins, mavitamini A, C, B1, B2, E, P, PP. Zipatsozi zimakhalanso ndi potaziyamu, calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, sodium, iron, manganese, cobalt ndi mchere wina.
Zipatso zouma zapamwamba, kupanikizana, zakudya, zipatso, zonunkhira zina, manyumwa amakonzedwa kuchokera ku zipatso. Fupa limakhala lozungulira kapena lotalika, lathyathyathya kapena lozungulira, nthawi zambiri limalekanitsidwa bwino ndi zamkati. Pachimake pamakhala mafuta pafupifupi 52%, omwe siwotsika kwambiri kuposa almond. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa zonunkhira ndi mankhwala.
Zipatso za chitumbuwa zonunkhira sizokoma komanso zathanzi, komanso zamankhwala. Chithandizo chachikulu chachikulu chimaperekedwa ndi mavitamini ndi ma pectins omwe ali momwemo. Cherry maula amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamatumbo am'mimba, makamaka chifukwa cha kutentha kwamkati (kuphatikiza ndi chakudya).
Tikufika
Pogulitsa mutha kupeza mizu yonse ndi kumtengowo. Monga chuma cha maula a chitumbuwa munjira yapakatikati, gwiritsani ntchito mbande, zodulidwa mizu kapena mphukira za maula apanyumba, maula-maulamu (osakanizidwa), mitundu yokhazikika ya maula a chitumbuwa (13-113, 10-114, etc.).
Mtengo wa Cheramu maula. © Konrad KurzaczMbande yokhala ndi mizu yotseguka bwino imabzalidwe m'malo okhazikika mu nthawi ya masika maluwa asanaphuke. Zomera zokhala ndi mizu yotsekedwa zibzalidwe m'nthawi yotentha. Ngati mukufuna kugula mbande za chitumbuwa, muyenera kungotenga okhawo omwe ali m'dera lanu. Ngati mukukhalapo, tinene kuti, pakati panjira, mitundu yochokera kum'mwera pang'ono singalolere nthawi yozizira.
Cherry maula ndi chomera chakumwera, ndipo dzuwa likafika zambiri, zimapeza zokolola zambiri komanso zipatso zake. Chifukwa chake ndibwino kubzala mtengo kumwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo kwa mundawo. Ndibwino ngati khoma la nyumbayo kapena khola limaphimba kuyambira mphepo yachisanu.
Mukamasankha mbewu za m'mundawo, funsani wogulitsa yemwe angakuthandizeni kutola mbande zapachaka zomwe zimakhala ndi mizu yolimba komanso popanda zizindikiro zakunja za matenda.
Kwa maula a chitumbuwa, chonyowa, chothiriridwa bwino, ndi mafuta abwino. Ambiri mwa ma plamu mizu ndi akuya masentimita 20 mpaka 40, kotero mbewuyo imatha kupirira ndi madzi apansi panthaka, itayimilira pakuya mita 1.5 kapena 1 mita, koma osayandikira. Ndi madzi apansi pompano, kulima pamalo okwiririka kumalimbikitsidwa.
Maenje obzala chitumbuwa cha plum amakumbidwa pambuyo pa mita 2-4, ndikukula kwake osachepera 60 cm³ ndikudzazidwa ndi zosakaniza zapansi padziko lapansi. Mukamasankha zinthu zosakaniza dothi, tsatirani malamulo oyambira. Onjezani mchenga ndi peat ku dongo lanyumba, ndi kuwaika m'nthaka. Gawo laling'ono liyenera kukhala lochepera komanso lovomerezeka, lopatsa thanzi. Manyowa - 300 g wa superphosphate ndi 30-40 g wa potaziyamu sulfate mu ikamatera. Cherry maula amakonda nthaka yosalowerera, ngati muli ndi dothi acidic, onjezani choko, laimu kapena ufa wa dolomite. Ndipo ngati dothi ndi zamchere, gwiritsani ntchito gypsum. Cherry maula amakonda dothi losalowerera ndale. Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa dothi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mayeso omwe amagulitsidwa paliponse la dimba. Zizindikiro zotere ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo zimakupatsani mwayi wodziwa mtengo wa pH (acid acidity).
Cherry maula. © AnRo0002Pansi pa dzenje, pangani mulu pomwe mizu ya mmera imagawananso chimodzimodzi. Mmera umayenera kukhazikitsidwa mwanjira yoti, mutabzala ndikukhazikitsa dothi, muzu wake womwe uli pamlingo. Kenako dzazani bowo ndi zotsalazo, ndikusinja pang'ono
Mukabzala chitumbuwa chokhala ndi mizu yotsekeka, ikani chofufumitsa padziko lapansi. Musaiwale momwe mungathiritsire mbewu ngakhale mutabzala - ngakhale kungagwe mvula. Thunthu kuzungulira mulch kuti tisunge chinyontho.
Kukula
Pokulitsa chitumbuwa, kumwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo kwa malowa ndi koyenera. Ndikofunika kuti muzisungika ku mphepo yozizira yomwe ilipo ngati khoma la nyumba kapena nyumba ina.
Kwa chisamaliro chabwino, maula a chitumbuwa ndikuthokoza chifukwa chokolola. Pokhapokha mbewu ngati imeneyi imakhala yolimba, yodwala, chifukwa, imabweretsa zipatso zochepa zamitundu yotsika. M'zaka zoyambirira mutabzala, samalirani kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchotsa udzu, kuthirira komanso kusamalira tizilombo.
Mu zaka zina, mbewu zimakonda kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndikuyankha bwino kwambiri ndikukula kwakukulu. Nthawi yakula, mbewu zimadyetsedwa katatu. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe - "m'chipale chofewa", nthawi yamatumbo (June) komanso nthawi yakukula kwa zipatso zam'munda wamawa (Julayi). Pankhani yakuwonjezeka kwamphamvu kwa mphukira zapachaka, kukhazikika pachilimwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mu June - koyambirira kwa Julayi, ukukula mwachangu.
Achinyamata mtengo Cherry maula. © BasicdesignZosiyanasiyana
Mitundu yambiri yamadzi owuma ndiyopanda chonde. Mwanjira ina, kuti mungu ukhale wabwinobwino komanso kukolola, pamafunika mitundu iwiri yosiyana. Maula kapena minga sizoyenera kupukutidwa.
- 'Ruby' - kucha kwambiri. Hardiness yozizira ndiyambiri. Zipatsozi ndi zofiira. Guwa ndi lalanje, yowutsa mudyo, onunkhira.
- 'Granite' - nthawi yakucha yapakatikati. Zimauma hardiness ndipamwamba pafupifupi. Zipatso ndi zokutira ndi sera, mnofu ndi wachikasu, wowutsa mudyo.
- 'Wopezeka' - yakucha yakucha. Zimauma hardiness ndipamwamba pafupifupi. Zipatso ndi burgundy, mnofu ndi wachikasu, msuzi wake ndi wopanda mtundu, makomedwe ake ndi okoma komanso wowawasa.
- 'Marquee' - kucha kwambiri. Zimauma hardiness ndipamwamba pafupifupi. Zipatso ndizokulungidwa, zobiriwira, zobiriwira, zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofiira; zika kucha, zimakhala maroon, wandiweyani.
- 'Huck' - uchikulire wapakatikati. Hardness yozizira ndi avareji. Zipatso ndi chikaso chowoneka bwino, chokhala ndi blush. Kuguwa kwake ndi wachikasu, wandiweyani.
Katemera
Cheramu maula amathanso kumera chifukwa cha njere, koma zimafalitsidwa makamaka ndi odulidwa. Njira yayikulu ndiyo katemera. Amapangidwa mu kasupe ndi zodula pomwe masamba sanaphuke.
Zotsatira zabwino zimaperekedwa ndi katemera wa maula a plum mu korona wa plums. Pankhaniyi, mumapeza zambiri kuphatikiza zingapo. Choyamba, mitundu ingapo ya maula a chitumbuwa imatha kumanikizidwa kumtengo umodzi nthawi imodzi. Izi ndizabwino kupukutira ndi kupulumutsa malo. Palibe chifukwa chofufuza malo awiri omwe amafikira pamalopo. Mwa kubzala nthambi ya chitumbuwa mu korona wa maula kumapeto kwa chaka, mutha kupeza zipatso zoyambirira chaka chotsatira. Uku ndiye kutulutsa koyamba kwa zipatso. Kachiwiri, kukayikira kopanda kukayika: pa nthambi imodzi - zipatso zachikaso, ina - maroon, kachitatu - kofiira. Chachitatu, kukula kwa chitumbuwa cha maula papamu (maula kumakhala ngati skeletogen) ndikulonjeza kuwonjezeranso nyengo ya dzinja.
Cherry maula, kapena Plum inafalikira kwambiri, kapena Plum Cher (lat. Prunus cerasifera). © 4028mdk09Mavalidwe apamwamba
Cherry maula amakonda feteleza.
Mudyetseni katatu pachaka (koyambirira kwa kasupe, mu Juni - pa nthawi ya kukula kwa thumba losunga mazira ndi mu Julayi), ndipo adzabweretsa kututa kwabwino.
Chapakatikati, onjezerani feteleza wophatikiza ndi mchere wa ammonium, ndipo ngati nthaka ndi acidic - laimu-ammonium nitrate (30 g pa 1 m²). Pansi pa mitengo yaying'ono, thirani wosalala kapena manyowa 2,5-5 cm, koma kuti thunthu likhale loyera.
M'chilimwe, kudyetsa maula ndi feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu.
