Pa intaneti, funso limakhala nthawi zambiri - ndikufunika kusankha maluwa kuchokera mbatata? Funso ndilopikisana. Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa ku Amateur ndi akatswiri a ukadaulo waukadaulo sangakhulupirire. Ena amalimbikitsa kuchotsedwa kwa nyengo kwa inflorescences. Mtsutso waukulu ndikuti mbatata imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri pakapangidwe ka mitundu ndi mbewu, ndichifukwa chake ma tubers alibe nthawi yoti akule bwino. Ena amakhulupirira kuti kutulutsa kwa mbatata sikuyenera kusokonezedwa, chifukwa chomera chilichonse chimakhala ndi kutukuka kwinakwake.
Ngati mukufuna kutola nthangala kuchokera ku mbatata kuti mulimire tubers, ndiye kutsina pamtengowo, komanso muchotse inflorescence. Zikachitika kuti mbatata zimamera chifukwa chongokolola zodzidulira, ndiye kuti maluwa amatha kudulidwa kumayambiriro kwa mazira awo.
Kuyesa kwasayansi
Popeza sanapeze yankho la funso loti asankhe maluwa mbatata, oyimira asayansi anaganiza zoyeserera. Pachifukwa ichi, mabedi atatu a mbatata zamtundu womwewo adabzala. Kukhazikitsa koyamba kunatsala monga momwe ziliri. Maluwa ndi masamba sanadulidwe, kulola mbatata kudutsa kuzungulira kwathunthu kwa chitukuko chathunthu. Pabedi lachiwiri, nsonga za mbewuzo zidang'ambika pang'ono, kachitatu maluwa ndi masamba onse zidachotsedwa kwathunthu.
Kumapeto kwa nyengo ya mbatata, itakwana nthawi yokolola, asayansi adapeza zotsatirazi zoyesa:
- M'munda woyamba, pomwe mbatata idadutsa gawo lonse la chitukuko, ochepa ma tubers adawonedwa patchire. Komabe, onse anali ndi mawonekedwe omveka, komanso kukula kwakukulu.
- M'mundamo, momwe inflorescence idachotsedweratu, mibadwo yambiri ya mbatata yaying'ono yaying'ono idawonedwa. Mizu yayikulu ikapezeka padera.
Pamapeto pa kuyeseraku, akatswiri azambiri zakuthambo adazindikira kuti:
- Kukula ndi chiwerengero cha tubers mwachindunji zimatengera kuchotsedwa kwa inflorescences, komanso kutsina matako.
- Kuvulala kwa mbatata, komwe kumawonedwa ndi maluwa, kumawonjezera kucha kwa tubers. Izi ndichifukwa choti mbewuyo imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yayikulu pakubwezeretsa zidutswa zovulala.
Mbatata, zomwe maluwa ake amazidula ndikumata pamutu, ndizovuta kwambiri kudwala. Mavuto apakatikati amadziwika kuti ndiye matenda oopsa kwambiri, omwe amatha kuwononga 70% ya mbewu yonse.
Mbatata, zomwe maluwa ake amazidula ndikumata pamutu, ndizovuta kwambiri kudwala. Mavuto apakatikati amadziwika kuti ndiye matenda oopsa kwambiri, omwe amatha kuwononga 70% ya mbewu yonse.Malangizo a wamaluwa
Musanaganize zochepetsa maluwa a mbatata, malingaliro angapo ofunika akuyenera kukumbukiridwa:
- Choyamba, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa ku nyengo yomwe chomera chikamera. Amakhulupirira kuti m'malo omwe kuli louma komanso kwamphepo, maluwa ambiri amakhala osabala. Mwanjira ina, kupangika kwa mbewu sikuchitika kumapeto kwa nyengo ya mbatata. Kucha mphamvu sikuwononga. Chifukwa chake, kuvutika pamtunda pamtundu wotere kungakhale pachiwopsezo chosavomerezeka.
Kachiwiri, musaiwale za chitetezo chomera ndi njira zakugulitsira anthu ena. Akuwona maluwa a mbatata, bambo amayenda pakati pa mizere. Izi zimayambitsa kupondaponda dothi. Chifukwa chachikulu kukula kwa tchire, kuyika mabedi sikungatheke. Mwala wolimba umalepheretsa kukula kwa tubers, komwe kumakhudza zokolola za mbatata.- Chachitatu, munthu ndiwonyamula matenda obwera ndi mabakiteriya. Pochotsa inflorescence, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ma virus ndi mabakiteriya amafalikira kuchitsamba kupita ku chitsamba. Pomaliza, izi zitha kuyambitsa mbewu.
Kachiwiri, musaiwale za chitetezo chomera ndi njira zakugulitsira anthu ena. Akuwona maluwa a mbatata, bambo amayenda pakati pa mizere. Izi zimayambitsa kupondaponda dothi. Chifukwa chachikulu kukula kwa tchire, kuyika mabedi sikungatheke. Mwala wolimba umalepheretsa kukula kwa tubers, komwe kumakhudza zokolola za mbatata.Ngati lingaliro la kusankha maluwa kuchokera mbatata linali labwino, ndiye kuti muyenera kukumbukira kuti njirayi iyenera kuchitidwa masamba asanakhaleko. Ngati nthawi yatayika, ndiye kuti inflorescence iyenera kusiyidwa mpaka mbewu zipse.
Kodi pali ubale pakati pa zokolola ndi maluwa a mbatata?
Kuti ndikwaniritse zonse izi, ndikofunikira kuyesa mgwirizano wa mapangidwe a mbewu ndikucha kwa tuber. Zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimapangidwa mu tsinde la mbatata ndi masamba zimagawidwanso m'njira yoyenera pakati pa ziwalo zonse za mbewu. Kuphatikiza zakudya zambiri zimapita ku inflorescence, komwe mbewu zimapangidwa.
Amakhulupirira kuti pafupifupi 25% imapita kumaluwa, 24-25% - masamba ndi tsinde. Zinthu zomwe zatsalira zimatumizidwa kuma tubers. Mwanjira ina, ngati mbatata zimakhala ndi maluwa, zochepa kwambiri zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zikule tubers. Kuchuluka kwa wowuma kumachepetsedwa. Tubers timakhala tating'onoting'ono, titenge mawonekedwe osangalatsa. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito ma tubers podzala chaka chamawa, ndiye kuti zokolola zidzagwa ndi theka.
Chifukwa chake, zokolola za mbatata zimatengera kukhalapo kwa maluwa mu chomera. Komabe, simuyenera kusankha pakuchotsa kwathunthu maluwa a mbatata. Kupatula apo, ndodo ili ndi mbali ziwiri, zomwe zinatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyesa kwa sayansi.
