Nthawi zambiri kum'mwera ndi pakati pomwe palibe kufunika kwakula dzungu kudzera mbande. Mbewu zake zimamera bwino zibzalidwe pamalo otseguka, zimakula bwino ndikupereka zipatso zabwino. Ngati mukukhala m'dera lozizira kapena mukufuna kuti mbeu yopanga dzungu isanafike nthawi yofalitsayo (monga lamulo, nthawi imeneyi ndi masiku 120-140 kuyambira pakufesa mpaka kukolola), ndikofunikira kuti muyambe kubzala mbande dzungu ndikubzala poyera. Lero tikulankhula za kubzala bwino kwa dzungu.
Kukula mbande dzungu.
Chisankho choyenera cha nthanga dzungu
Choyamba, muyenera kusankha mbeu "zoyenera" pofesa mbande dzungu. Ngati mukusonkhanitsa mbewu nokha, zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mukukula zosiyanasiyana, osati wosakanizidwa. Pakati pa mbande zotere, pamapeto pake mbewu zimamera zomwe ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zidamera patsamba lanu chaka chatha.
Ngati mukutsimikiza kuti ndi mitundu yomwe imakula, osati wosakanizidwa wa F1, ndiye kuti mutha kusonkhanitsa mbewu ndipo muyenera, monga lamulo, mbewu zambiri mkati mwa dzungu ndipo pali zambiri zoti musankhe. Yesetsani kusankha mbewu zonse, popanda zowonongeka, popanda zizindikiro zowola, zakucha kwathunthu. Mutha kuwayang'ana ndikumakanikiza pang'ono chala m'mbali: mbewu zomwe zapangidwa (zacha) sizikugulitsidwa, mbewu za "dummy" zikugulitsidwa, ndipo mudzawona kuti ichi si mbewu, koma ndi chipolopolo chokha kuchokera pamenepo.
Komanso, mukasankha nthangala zathanzi, zopangidwa, ndipo mutha kuchita izi pasadakhale, fotokozerani kuchuluka kwa njere zomwe mwasunga kale. Nthawi zambiri, kumera kwa maungu nthanga kumatenga nthawi yayitali, kuyambira zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi mpaka zisanu ndi zitatu; m'matangadza akulu akulu, mbewu zakale zimatayidwa, koma kunyumba mumatha kuyiwala za "thumba" la mbewu, ndipo popeza zaka zimawuluka mwachangu, zimatayanso msanga ndi mbewu. Pofuna kuti izi zisachitike, nthawi zonse lembani tsiku lanyamula ndi mbewu mutazipatula ndikuziisunga.
Pogula mbewu m'sitolo, yesani kusankha mitundu ya opanga odziwika, amagulitsa mbewu zodalirika komanso zotsimikizika, ndipo pamapaketi ndi mbewu zawo, tsiku lomwe amadzinyamula mchikwama nthawi zonse limalembedwa kapena kusindikizidwa ndi chidindo, osati zojambula.
Yesani kubzala mbewu zatsopano ngati pali chaka kapena theka chatsalira lisanathe, ngakhale kuchotsera, ndibwino kuti musatenge mbewu zotere.
Kukonzekera kwa maungu nthanga kufesa mbande
Mukasankha njere, muyenera kuziisintha kukhala tizigawo ting'onoting'ono. Tizigawo tingamapangidwe motengera kukula kwa njere - yayikulu, yapakatikati ndi yaying'ono - kokha ndi diso, ndikuziyika pamiyala.
Gawo lililonse la nthanga, posatengera kukula kwake, liyenera kukhala "lotukuka", chifukwa ndikofunikira kuyika mbewu m'madzi (makamaka thaw kapena mvula), yotentheka mpaka madigiri 40-43 pamwamba pa zero pafupifupi ola limodzi. Pambuyo panthawiyi, njere zimayenera kuchotsedwa, osasweka ndi madzi ozizira, wokutidwa ndi chinsalu kapena chidebe ndikuyika m'chipinda wamba m'malo osankhika kwa masiku angapo mbewu zisanaberekane. Nthawi yonseyi muyenera kuyang'anira chinyezi kapena chofufumitsa, kumachisunga pang'ono pang'ono (nthawi zina kupopera madzi ndi madzi). Ngati mbeu zambirimbiri zakonzedwa kuti zibzalidwe, ndiye kuti zonsezo musazikhazikitse mu chiguduli chimodzi kapena nyemba, koma ndibwino muzigawa zing'onozing'ono zingapo.
Mwa njira, wamaluwa adazindikira kuti mutakula kudzera mmera, dzungu silodwala ndipo limakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo, zikuwoneka kuti, limasunga chitetezo chokwanira popanda kuwononga nthawi yolimbana ndi zovuta zakunja kwanyengo poyambira kukula.
Ngati mukukhala m'dera lomwe madzi oundana amasintha usiku, kutentha kumasintha, komanso nyengo yozizira ili ponseponse, ndiye kuti kuwonjezera pa kuwiritsa nyembazo ndikuigawa kukhala tizigawo, ndikofunika kulimbitsa mbewu za dzungu. Njira yosavuta ngati imeneyi imakulitsa kapena kulimbikitsa chitetezo chokwanira cha mbande, imachulukitsa kuzizira kwa mbewu ndikuwonjezera kukana kwawo kuzirombo ndi matenda.
Pofuna kukhwimitsa nthanga dzungu, ndikofunikira kusenda bwino mbewu kuti zisawononge zikumera, osazichotsa mu chaza kapena chofufumitsa, mumangoivula ndikuyika njerezo mwachindunji pamasamba otsika kwambiri a firiji wamba.
Komanso, kuti zikuchulukitse ntchito za kukula, mbewu zimathiridwa nthawi zambiri ndi Epin, Heteroauxin, kapena zina.
Pofuna kuwonjezera kuuma kwambiri, nthanga zomwe zakhotakhota zimayikidwa m'munsi mwa firiji yanyumba kwa masiku awiri. Ngati chovala chapamwamba chowonjezereka, ndizovomerezeka kuti ziwaphimbe ndi chovundira chokhala ndi mwaye wamatabwa - supuni ya tiyi ya mbeu 25-30.
Mbande za dzungu zofesedwa pa mbande.
Kukonzekera kwa zida zokulira mbande za maungu
Mukamakonza njere, ndizovomerezeka kuchita pokonzekera zitsamba zokulira mbande. Izi zitha kukhala mabokosi apamtambo wamba, makamaka atsopano ndi owuma, makamaka musanapangidwe ndi 2% potaziyamu permanganate yankho ndikuwuma bwino, komanso mapulasitiki okhala ndi mabowo oyambira pansi kuti athetse chinyezi chambiri, chomwe chimatha kuchitika mosavuta komanso kungochitika ndi moto wowotcha. , kapena makapu apulasitiki payokha, okhala ndi dzenje m'munsi, amapangidwanso ndi awl yotentha.
Ngati simukufuna kuyika mbandezo, koma mukufuna kuti mubzale pokhapokha popanda kuvulaza mizu, ndiye kuti mutha kufesa mbewu mu ma peat mugs. Mugalasi yotere, mutha kubzala mbewu zingapo, kenako ndikusankha chomera chabwino kwambiri, kuchotsa chachiwiri kapena kumuyika mosamala, kenako ndikumadzalanso galasi m'nthaka osakhudza mizu ya mmera. Mbale wa peat idzakhala chakudya, mbande sizilandira zowonjezera chifukwa chobwezeretsanso mizu itawonongeka.
Mukamasankha magalasi a peat mug, ndibwino kuti mutenge masikono awo ma 7x7 masentimita, pang'ono, koma osachepera.
Kukonzekera dothi lokulitsa mbande
Zomera zikakhala zokonzeka, ndipo nthangala zikanyowa, mutha kuyamba kukonzekera dothi kuti limere mbande zamunguzi. Inde, mutha kugula dothi m'sitolo - werengani mosamala za kapangidwe kake, ndipo ngati zonse zili m'dongosolo, dothi silikhala acidic kapena alkaline, ndiye kubzala mbewu mmenemo, koma nthawi zonse mutha kukonzekera dothi lanu. Nthawi zambiri dothi labwino wokukula mbande za dzungu ndi chisakanizo cha magawo awiri a kusintha kwa peat, gawo limodzi la utuchi wabwino komanso gawo limodzi la humus. Ndikofunika kulemeretsa zosakanikazo ndi supuni ya nitroammophoski molingana ndi makilogalamu asanu a nthaka.
Nthaka ikakonzeka, amafunika kudzaza m'zotengera zonse zomwe zingapezeke, kenako ndibowaza kutaya kusungunuka kapena madzi amvula firiji ndipo mutha kuyamba kufesa mbewu. Nthawi zambiri, mbewu za maungu zibzalidwe mozama masentimita atatu, osatinso.
Mukukula mbande za maungu osati m'mipando yayikulu, koma m'mabokosi akuluakulu, alimi a masamba amalangiza, asanayike dothi mabokosi, kutsanulira dongo pang'ono kuti lisungunule kwenikweni ngati sentimita imodzi kapena awiri.
Nthawi yabwino yofesa, panjira, ndi pafupi masiku 18 mpaka 22 musanabzale mbande m'nthaka. Zambiri zimatengera nyengo kunja, komanso dera lomwe mukukhalamo - muyenera kuwerengera nthawi kutengera nyengo.
Ngati titenga pakati pa Russia, ndibwino kubzala mbande mkati mwa Meyi, ndithudi, sizingatheke kupatula mabedi obwerera, koma pofika nthawi imeneyi nthaka ndi mpweya zizikhala zotentha kale kuvomera mbande zamunguzi.
Gwirani ntchito yosamalira dzungu
Koma tinathamangira pang'ono, tisanabzala mbande panthaka, panali nthawi yayitali, popeza tinafesa mbewu mpaka pano. Mbewu isanatuluke panthaka, ndikofunikira kuphimba zotengera ndi kanema womata kapena magalasi kuti apange greenhouse. Ngati munabzala nthanga m'matumbo osiyana, ndiye muyenera kupangira nyimbo imodzi yayikulu yokhala ndi mbali zazikuluzikulu ndikuphimba nayo filimu kapena magalasi. Ndikofunikira kuti mphukira ziziwoneka kamodzi kamodzi patsiku kuti mutsegule filimuyi kwa mphindi zingapo kuti mulole mpweya wabwino ndikusunga dothi lonyowa, ndikuupopera ndi mfuti.
Ponena za kutentha koyenera, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyisamalira pa madigiri 19-24 kuposa ziro masana, ndikutsitsa mpaka madigiri 14-16 usiku.
Mphukira zikangowonekera pamwamba pa dothi, filimuyo imayenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo mbande zimayikidwa pazenera lakumwera ndipo masiku atatu alionse imatembenuzire mbali inayo kuti kuwala sikutukuka ndi malo otsetsereka mbali imodzi.
Wamaluwa amaonanso kuti mbande za maungu nthawi zambiri zimatambasuka. Kuti muchepetse vuto losasangalatsa ili, ndikofunikira mutangotuluka kwa sabata limodzi kuti muchepetse kutentha mpaka madigiri 16-17 pamwamba pa ziro masana masana ndi madigiri 11-14 pamwamba pa zero usiku. Pambuyo pa nthawi yomwe yatchulidwa, kutentha kuyenera kubwezeretsedwanso pamiyezo yokhala dzungu.
Mphukira zazing'ono za mabungu mbandeKuthirira mbande zungu
Ndi kuthirira, muyenera kusamala kwambiri, osagwirizana ndi momwe mulimbitsira nyemba zanu, koma simungathe kuziwumanso. Sipangakhale madzi kuthirira masamba a maungu mukathirira. Kutsirira kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamalitsa pamene matope akoma, kumatengera chinyontho mu nyumba kapena nyumba. Amadziwika kuti m'zipinda momwe ma aquariums akuluakulu amayimira, chinyezi chimakhala chokwera, dongo limakhala louma pang'onopang'ono ndipo limathiriridwa madzi kawirikawiri, motsatana. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndiyo njira yodalirika yothirira, koma muyenera kuigwiritsa ntchito poyesa kuti isanyowe pansi panthaka, koma kuti mulowerere mkati mwake masentimita 3-4. Pafupipafupi komanso mwaling'ono wa madzi - iyi ndiye malingaliro abwino mukathirira mbande zungu.
Kukulitsa mbande dzungu
Kuphatikiza pa kuthirira, kuthira feteleza kumafunikanso, asanachitike, dothi liyenera kuti limasulidwe pang'ono (zenizeni ndi mano), dothi liyenera kuthiriridwa madzi, pambuyo pake, nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika sabata pambuyo poti zidamera panthaka, mbande zitha kudyetsedwa. Njira zabwino pankhaniyi ndi nitrophoska, imafunikira 7-8 g pa ndowa imodzi, kuchuluka kwake ndikokwanira mita imodzi, ndipo ngati mbande zakula mosiyanasiyana, mutha kuthira supuni yankho pansi pa chomera chilichonse.
Ngati mukutsutsana ndi umagwirira, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la mullein, muyenera kumadzaza ndi madzi kutentha kwa madigiri 45, kuchepetsera m'magulu amodzi mpaka khumi, ndikuwalola kuti aberekane usiku umodzi, kenako ndikuwuthira nthawi isanu ndipo mutha kudyetsa mbewuzo. Kwa aliyense wa iwo, supuni ya yankho kapena lita imodzi mwa mita imodzi ya nazale ikhala yokwanira.
Mulingo woyenera wa dzungu
Muyenera kusunga zokhala ndi mbande patsamba lakumwera, komwe kumawunikiridwa bwino kwambiri. Masana, kuchokera pafupifupi hafu pasiti thwelofu mpaka hafu pasiti thwelofu, mbande imatha kuzimitsidwa kuchokera pakuyaka kwa dzuwa ndi manyuzipepala.
Mbewu zikangofika kutalika kwa 18-22 masentimita, kulimba, kukhala ndi masamba awiri kapena opitilira owoneka bwino, ndizovomerezeka kuziwongola bwino mu dothi, ngati zonsezo ndi kutentha kunja kwazenera ndikutenthedwa.
Kubzala mbande dzungu panthaka.
Kubzala mbande dzungu panthaka
Choyamba, konzani dothi, ndikukumba pa fosholo zonse, chotsani namsongole, gwiritsani ntchito supuni ya nitroammophoski pa mita imodzi, kuthirira nthaka, kugwiritsa ntchito chidebe pa mita yayikulu, kuti "ipumule" kwa masiku angapo, ndipo mutha kuyamba kubzala mbande pasadakhale kupanga mabowo momwe ndikofunikira kutsanulira supuni zingapo za phulusa pansi.
Mukabzala mbande dzungu, sankhani malo omwe olima dzungu amakonda kufalitsa, ndiye kuti, mbatata, nyemba zomwe zidalemeretsa nthaka ndi nayitrogeni, mbewu zosiyanasiyana zauzu, ndi anyezi. Omwe adalipo kale ndi zukini, nkhaka ndi mavwende, ndiye kuti "abale".
Pangani mabedi okuza mbande kuti ikhale yolumikizana kuti kusungunuka kapena kuthilira madzi osayenda, kupanga mabowo, ndikuti mutha kuyenda momasuka pakati pa mabedi popanda kupindika.
Musanabzale, mbande zimafunikira kuumitsidwa, koyamba mutulutsemo kwa maola angapo pa khonde lotseguka, kusiya kwa maola 10-12 tsiku lotsatira, ndikusiya usiku, kenako muzibzale pansi.
Njira yofikira pakati pa mabowo ndi pafupifupi mita, pakati pa mizere mutha kupanga mita, koma mutha kuonjezera mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka.
Pakudula kuchokera pazinthu zikuluzikulu, yesani kunyowetsa dothi kaye kenako yesetsani kuyimitsa mbande ndi mizu yambiri ndi supuni kuti isaziwononge, ndiye kuti, ndikubwezeretsani ndi dothi lapadziko lapansi. Nthaka yomwe ili mdzenje imathanso kuthiriridwa; 0,5 l ya madzi padzenje lokwanira.
Mutabzala, muyenera kufinya nthaka ndi zala zanu kuti pasakhale ma voids pakati pa mizu, ndipo titha kunena kuti uku ndikumaliza kubzala mbande zamungu.
Ngati mukufuna kuwala koyaka kwa dzuwa kuti kusawononge masamba owoneka bwino a mbande m'masiku oyamba, ndiye kuti mutha kuwapukula ndi nyuzipepala kwa masiku angapo masana.
Ndizo zonse zanzeru zakukula dzungu.
