Pansi pa mitengo ya nkhalango ku Central ndi South America, mutha kuwona masamba obiriwira obiriwira, omwe pamwamba pake amawoneka ofiira owala, achikaso ndi lalanje - awa ndi guzmania. Zomera zotchulidwa A. A. Guzman, wasodzi wotchuka komanso wasayansi waku Spain, amakhala pamtunda wachonde pansi pa korona zamera, amakhala ndi moyo wa epiphytes, wokwera mizu ndi nthambi, amapezeka pamalo otsetsereka.
Gusmania, yomwe imagwirizana kwambiri ndi zinanazi, ndi am'banja la Bromeliad.
Pakati pawo, mbewu zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana, mtundu wa masamba ndi momwe amakhalira. Kuphatikiza apo, pakati pa mitundu ya 120-130 yamtundu wa herbaceous wobiriwira, pali mitundu yambiri yosankhidwa ndi olima maluwa posunga ndi kubereka m'nyumba.
Kodi maluwa ndi ziti? Kodi guzmania amabweretsa chiyani mnyumbamo, ndipo ndi chiyani chomwe chimakopa chidwi cha olima maluwa padziko lonse lapansi momwemo?
Maonekedwe ndi luso lachilendo la mbewu ya guzmania
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ku Russia komanso mayiko ena angapo, mbewuyi imadziwika bwino pansi pa dzina lolakwika. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ku Latin dzina la chomera waku South America amalembedwa kuti Guzmania. Ngati mungaganizire katchulidwe kamatchulidwe ka dzina la wasayansi waku Spain, ndiye kuti kutchula dzinalo ndi gusmania. Koma pakati pa alimi a maluwa, ndi m'mabuku ambiri, mtunduwo umatchedwa duwa lamkati la guzmania.
Yankho la funso lokhudza chidwi cha mtengowo ndilophweka. Zachidziwikire, okonda kulima nyumba kwawo amakhala ndi chidwi ndi sultan wowala wopangidwa pamwamba pa malo ogulitsira. Olima ambiri oyamba kumene amalima molakwika amakhulupirira kuti iyi ndi maluwa a guzmania. M'malo mwake, awa si inflorescence, koma masamba osinthika okha - mawonekedwe owala, opangidwa kuti akope chidwi cha tizilombo toyambitsa mungu. Chida chotere mu chomeracho chidawoneka chifukwa chakuti maluwa enieni ndi ochepa kwambiri ndipo pafupifupi sawoneka.
Mwachiwonekere, pazaka zambirimbiri zomwe zakhalapo, mitundu ya gusmania yakhala ikupezeka mobwerezabwereza, popanda kupukutidwa. Pofuna kuti mbewuzo zitheke, mbewu za guzmania zimayamba kuchita zanzeru. Mitundu ina imapanga maluwa okongola kwambiri, omwe samatseguka, ndipo mungu umakhazikika mkati mwa bud ndipo, mwakuyimira ukugwa pestle, umamaliza kupukusa.
Tsoka ilo, maluwa m'moyo wa guzmania ndi chinthu chimodzi. Mitundu yambiri yokhala ndi thukuta, pambuyo pa kuipitsidwa kwa mabakiteriya, roza wakale amwalira.
Kutchuka kwakukula kwa maluwa am'nyumba a guzmania kwapangitsa kuti nazonso zilingalire zakukula kwa mitundu yazomera zamtchire izi. Masiku ano, wamaluwa ali ndi mitundu yophatikiza ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana osati ya ubweya wofiyira, komanso ma pinki, burgundy, lalanje ndi chikasu pamwamba pa ma rosette. Zosakanizidwa zosakanizika zinawonekeranso momwe mtundu wobiriwira pamasamba amaphatikizidwa ndi mitundu yoyera kapena yapinki.
Masamba obiriwira a masamba omwe amakula mkati mwake amakongoletsa kwambiri, koma mawonekedwe a mbewu ya guzmania sakulamulidwa ndi kukongola, koma kokha chifukwa chofunikira.
Epiphytes wokhala pamizu ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo, mothandizidwa ndi malo ogulitsira, osangotenga chinyontho, omwe nthawi yomweyo amapita kumizu, komanso kudzidyetsa pawokha. Pamodzi ndi madzi, tinthu tating'onoting'ono totsalira timayambira paz masamba ndi mizu momwe:
- tizilombo tating'onoting'ono;
- masamba okongola;
- khungwa lotumphuka;
- dothi laling'ono lomwe limanyamulidwa ndi mphepo.
Popeza masamba am'munsi amatalika kwambiri kuposa omwe ali pamwamba, chinyezi chimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kutali kwambiri kuchokera pakatikati. Ichi ndi chozizwitsa china chodabwitsa cha guzmania, kulola kuti mbewu yokhala ndi mizu yaying'ono komanso m'malo okhala dothi lambiri kuti ikule bwino komanso kuphuka. Zowonadi, epiphytes safuna mizu yamphamvu, koma guzmania "yabwera" ndikugwiritsa ntchito koyambirira kwa mizu yake.
Pokhala m'mbali mwa mtengo kapena malo ena osakwanira, mbewuzo zimatha kuyenda pang'onopang'ono komanso masentimita ochepa komwe zingakhale bwino.
Ubwino wa guzmania komanso momwe zimakhalira ndi mlengalenga m'nyumba
Omwe ali ndi chomera chomwe adangotuluka ali ndi chidwi ndi guzmania palokha komanso chomwe duwa limatanthawuza. Ponena za mbewu zam'malo otentha, nthano kapena zizindikilo zosangalatsa zimakonda kupezeka m'mabuku zokhudzana ndi katundu kapena mbiri yakale. Pali chinthu chimodzi chokha chomwe chimadziwika: kudziko la chomera, guzmania imadziwika ngati chisonyezo cha mphamvu zamphongo, kukhala pafupi ndi nthumwi ya kugonana kwamphamvu, kumathandizira ndipo kumagwira ntchito motalika nthawi yayitali. Tsoka ilo, palibe nkhani zophunzitsanso zokhudzana ndi gusmania, koma ma bioenergetics omwe amafufuza momwe zomera zimagwirira ntchito anthu amatha kudziwa zambiri za duwa lakunyumba.
Chikhalidwe chomwe chimakhala ndi masamba owala bwino komanso chopindika pamwamba ndi chokongola kwambiri panyumba ndi muofesi, komanso chotsuka mpweya chothandiza.
Anthu adzimva mphamvu pabwino komanso kamvekedwe kulikonse, koma kunyumba, zotere zimadziwika kwambiri. Monga duwa lamkati, guzmania imathandizira kuthetsa kupsinjika kopweteka, kusintha kugona ndi kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pazochitika zina zapathupi. Sikuti kuwoneka bwino kwamasamba kumakhudzira chidwi cha momwe mukumvera komanso momwe mumagona, kumangodandaula ndi kukhazikitsa inu pantchito. Kusilira "maluwa" a guzmania kumathandizira kuti pakhale mphamvu zambiri komanso kudzutsidwa kwa luso lopanga.
