Gardenia ndi chomera chaching'ono m’banja la Marenova. Mu vivo opezeka m'nkhalango za India, Japan ndi China. Mitundu yoposa 200 imadziwika, makamaka ngati zitsamba zobiriwira nthawi zonse, ndipo nthawi zina mitengo yaying'ono.
Koma monga chomera, ndi mtundu umodzi wokha womwe ndi wamba - jasmine munda - ndi chitsamba yaying'ono (mpaka 50 cm) wokhala ndi masamba okongola obiriwira obiriwira. Mutha kuwona maluwa kuyambira Julayi mpaka Okutobala. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, mbewu yonseyo imakulungidwa ndi masamba ndi maluwa. Ma inflorescence amafanana ndi maluwa - awa ndi maluwa oyera a terry. Zonunkhira kwambiri.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Gardenia jasmine (iye Gardenia Augusta, regal, Cape Jasmine) - chitsamba chobiriwira nthawi zonse, pamachilengedwe chimakula mpaka mamita awiri kutalika, ndipo kunyumba - osaposa masentimita 80. Masamba ali abwino, obiriwira amdima wobiriwira, kuloza kumunsi. Maluwa amakula pamwamba pa mphukira imodzi nthawi imodzi kapena amatengedwa m'magulu azidutswa zitatu kapena zingapo. Maluwa amachitika nthawi yotentha komanso yophukira.
Zosiyanasiyana:
- Gardenia "Chuck Hayes" (Chuck Hayes) - mitundu yofikira mpaka mamitala awiri kutalika, maluwa apakati-kawiri, onunkhira, mtundu wa mkaka wophika. Maluwa amayamba poyandikira chilimwe, ndipo akupitilira kuonekera nyengo yonseyo. Zosiyanasiyana zimasiyana ndi chisanu.
- Gardenia Belmont (Belmont) - ili ndi masamba akulu owoneka bwino. Maluwa a terry (mainchesi 10), ndi fungo labwino. Osagwirizana ndi matenda komanso ozizira osiyanasiyana.
- Gardenia "Amy" (Aimee) - m'munda wokhala ndi masamba opepuka kuposa ena onse. Maluwa a Terry (mpaka 12 cm) amawoneka ngati opanga chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake abwino. Amamasuka kawiri pachaka.
- Gardenia "Chinsinsi" (Chinsinsi) - mitundu yotchuka kwambiri, imatalika mamita 1.5-2, ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira. Maluwa a terry ndi osalala (mpaka 13 cm). Njira zamaluwa zimatha kuonedwa kawiri pachaka. Amadziwika ndi kukula kwamtondo.
- Gardenia "Radikans" (Radicans) - mtunda wamtali, wowoneka bwino kwambiri komanso wowoneka bwino, wosapitirira mita imodzi m'litali ndi kupitirira mita wopingasa. Ili ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono okongola. Maluwa a Terry nawonso si akulu (2-5 cm). Zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati bonsai.
- Amalia "Variegata" (Variegata) - Mtundu wabwino pakukula mumphika, popeza umakhala ndi polekezera. Masamba osiyanasiyana amakhala owongoka bwino, malingana ndi mtundu, masinthidwe osiyanasiyana obiriwira kupita ku zonona amadziwika. Ma inflorescence ndi onunkhira (mpaka 8 cm kukula).
- Gardenia "Radikan Variegata" (Radican Variegata) - mitundu yamtali (mpaka 1 m) yokhala ndi masamba opindika. Kukula pang'onopang'ono kumawonedwa. Masamba obiriwira amdima wokhala ndi mawonekedwe otsekemera ngati mkombero. Maluwa kuchokera 2,5 mpaka 5 cm - pachimake mochedwa. Zosiyanasiyana za bonsai.
- Wamatsenga Wam'munda wa Gardenia (Gold Matsenga) - imasiyana ndi ena munthawi yamaluwa (motalika kuposa ena). Kusintha mwachangu kwa mtundu woyera wa corolla kupita ku golide kunaonekera.
Gardenia Thunberg - chitsamba chozizira chobiriwira chomwe chitha kudzalidwa kukhala mtengo wawung'ono wokhala ndi maluwa onunkhira, ndichimodzi mwa banja la Marenova (magnolia ndi mtengo wa khofi amaonedwa kuti ndiogwirizana). Mu chilengedwe mungapezeke ku South Africa. Masamba akulu, osalala obiriwira amakhala pamalo amfupi otuluka kuchokera ku tsinde lolunjika. Maluwa oyera (pafupifupi masentimita 8) owoneka ngati mafungo ali ndi fungo lowala, lomwe limakulirakulira madzulo.
Gardenia Tahiti - shrub wamkulu (pafupifupi 3 m wamtali). Pamwambalala masamba ake ndi amtambo, ali ndi mawonekedwe owundana komanso mawonekedwe obiriwira amdima. Mutha kusiyanitsa ndi maluwa (pafupifupi masentimita 8), momwe mafutawo (pali mpaka zidutswa 8) akuwoneka kuti akugwada kumbali ya njirayo, ofanana ndi masamba a propeller.
Gardenia Keeled (chikasu) - chitsamba chachikulu kapena chopingasa (3 m wamtali). Masamba ozungulira owala, osakhala obiriwira monga mitundu ina, ali ndi mitsempha yachilendo. Maluwa akuluakulu achikaso ali ndi kuwonjezera pamapeto pake, titero kunena kwake. Fungo lokoma kwambiri.
Gardenia Brigham - ndi mtengo wawung'ono. Masamba ndi onyezimira, ozungulira, wobiriwira wakuda. Chowoneka mosiyana ndi inflorescence - awa ndi maluwa oyera oyera ngati chipale chofewa, okhala ndi miyala isanu ndi umodzi, yopindika m'njira yosazolowereka (ndipo malekezero amawongoka pang'ono), amafanana ndi masamba opangira (kapena makina ena).
Kusamalidwa Kwanyumba
Mukakulitsa dimba kunyumba, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena: kutentha kokwanira ndi kuyatsa, chinyezi chadothi chokwanira, kupewa chilala. Kuphatikiza apo, duwa limakonda kusuntha kuchokera malo kupita kumalo.
Gardenia, monga maluwa ambiri ophuka, amakonda kuwala kwambiri. Koma akuwopa kuwunika mwachindunji, makamaka dzuwa ladzuwa. Ndikofunika kusamalira kuyatsa koyenera. Chifukwa chake, posankha malo, ndibwino kupatsa chidwi mawindo akumadzulo ndi kum'mawa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti palibe mthunzi kuchokera pamitengo yamsewu. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti duwa sakonda kusinthasintha kwa malo (ngakhale kutembenuka mphika), makamaka pakamasamba, kumatha kutaya masamba.
Ponena za kutentha, munda wamaluwa ndi chomeracho. Kutentha kolondola kumatha kuonedwa ngati 20-25 ° С - M'chilimwe ndipo osatsika kuposa 16 ° С - m'nyengo yozizira. Kukonzekera ndi dontho lakuthwa kutentha kuyenera kupewedwa. Panthawi yopanga masamba, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwa 18 ° C, pomwe mizu yonyowa, mutathilira, sikuyenera kukhala ozizira.
Kuphatikiza apo, chinyezi chakwera kwambiri panthawiyi (maluwa) ndicho chofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwamphamvu kwa inflorescence. Mphepo yowuma imatha kulepheretsa kukula kwa masamba ndi kutsatsa kwotsatira, isanatseguke. Mutha kuthira masamba okha. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yamaluwa, mutha kuyika mphikawo ndi maluwa m'mpoto wamadzi ndi dongo lokulitsa, kuti pansi pamphika pasakhudze madzi. Kusintha kwamadzimadzi kumapereka chofunikira chinyezi mozungulira chomera.
Gardenia kuthirira
Mu nthawi yachilimwe-nthawi yachilimwe, dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono, motero ndikofunika kupatsa madzi okwanira, kupewa kusasunthika (ngalande zabwino ndizofunikira). Madzi amangokhala ofewa, okhazikika komanso kutentha kwa chipinda. Njira yabwino ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito, ngati nkotheka, yosefa madzi amvula kapena owiritsa. M'nyengo yozizira, timasintha kuthirira pang'ono.
Feteleza wa Gardenia
Panthawi yogwira ntchito mopitilira muyeso (Marichi-Ogasiti), minda yamaluwa imafunika kudyetsedwa. Mafuta feteleza opangira maluwa maluwa amkati, manyowa masabata awiri aliwonse. Chepetsa kuchuluka komwe kulimbikitsidwa pa phukusi.
Kugulitsa munda
Kamodzi patatha zaka ziwiri zilizonse, maluwa atatha, mbewuyo amasanjidwa, ndikukulira kuchuluka kwa mphikawo.
Gardenia dothi
Kupezeka kwa laimu mu nthaka sikuyenera kuloledwa. Gawo lotsatirali limakonzedwa motere: dziko la turfy, coniferous, masamba, peat ndi mchenga. Mutha kugula osakaniza omaliza, nthaka ya azaleas ndiyabwino.
Gardenia kudulira
Pambuyo maluwa, ndikofunikira kudulira mphukira mpaka 2/3 kapena theka kutalika. Njira izi zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobereka. Ngati mungadina nsonga za mphukira zazing'ono, izi zitha kukhala ngati cholimbikitsa pakuwonekera kwa mphukira zam'malo mwake, pomwe ma maluwa atsopano adzawonekera.
Gardenia kufalitsa ndi odulidwa
Nthawi zambiri zimafalitsidwa ndi kudula kopanda (osachepera 10 cm) otsala mutadulira kuchokera ku February mpaka Marichi. Amakhala ndi mizu yotentha, amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zokula. Kenako kuphimba ndi mtsuko kapena thumba la pulasitiki - kupereka malo obiriwira. Iyi ndi njira yayitali. Zidutswazo zitafika 15 cm, zikhinitseni.
Mutha kuyika nthambi zodulidwa ndi madzi, koma mwayi womwe udzazike mizu ndizochepa.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Tizilombo tambiri tomwe timayambitsa chomera chonyadachi ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, zopondera, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, ndi akangaude. Pambuyo pozindikira, amachitapo kanthu opaleshoni mwa kupopera mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Ngati zotupa sizili zazikulu, ndiye kuti kupopera kumodzi kumatha kukhala kokwanira, ngati matendawa akupitilirabe, ndiye kuti njirayi imabwerezedwa (mpaka katatu), kusungitsa nthawi yayitali.
- Ngati mawanga aubweya amapezeka patsinde pa pepalalo, ndiye zovuta. Kuyamba, chotsani tizirombo ndi chinkhupule chonyowa mu njira ya mowa wa methyl kapena kutsitsi ndi tizirombo.
- Palinso mavuto ena, mwachitsanzo, ngati masamba ali otumbululuka, chomera chimachepetsa kukula ndipo sichimaphuka - amatanthauza kuwala kosakwanira kapena kudyetsedwa kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo nthaka idatha.
- Madontho achikasu amawoneka pamasamba - nthaka iyenera kuphatikiza.
- Masamba amazilala, kufooka kwa mbewu, masamba ndi (kapena) maluwa kugwa - kutentha ndikochepa kwambiri kapena madontho akuthwa kwambiri, kuthira madzi ozizira.
- Masamba amasanduka achikasu ndipo (kapena) amagwa - kuthirira kosakwanira kapena kuthirira ndi madzi ozizira
- Mapepala amagwa - Simungasunthe kapena kusintha malo poto mutakhala maluwa. Kapena mpweya wouma m'chipindacho.
- Madontho a maluwa - kufufuza madzi chifukwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Simungathe kupopera inflorescence ndi masamba.
