Stevia, kapena Udzu wa uchi

Stevia ndi masamba osatha ochokera ku banja la Asteraceae, lomwe masamba ake amakhala ndi glucoside (stevioside), limakhala lokoma kwambiri kuposa 300 sucrose. Cholowa ichi chimathandiza aliyense, makamaka omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga komanso onenepa kwambiri. Sizowopsa kuti chomera chomwe chidabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku South America (Paraguay) chikufuna kuti chilime ambiri. Pano lingaliro laukadaulo waulimi wa stevia silabwino kwa aliyense.

Stevia wokondedwa, kapena Udzu wa uchi (Stevia rebaudiana) - Mtundu wazomera za genus Stevia (Stevia) Astrovic, kapena banja la Asteraceae.

Stevia uchi (Stevia rebaudiana). © Tammy

Kukula Stevia kuchokera ku Mbewu

Kutentha kwambiri kwa dothi ndi mpweya kuti zikule ndikukula kwa uchi stevia ndi 15 ... 30 ° C.

M'dziko lathu, stevia ndikwabwino kukula ngati chomera pachaka. Choyamba, mbande zakonzedwa (mbewu zimafesedwa mpaka pakati pa Meyi), ndiye mbewu za miyezi iwiri zimabzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha. Komabe, ndimakonda kubzala stevia nthawi yomweyo kupita kumalo okhazikika - m'miphika. Payenera kukhala dzenje pansi pamphika, kuphatikiza, ndimayala chidebe ndi chosanjikiza cha 3 cm, kenako mchenga. Ndikupangira dothi lachiunda kuchokera panthaka ya m'munda ndi humus kapena lowat peat (3: 1), pH 5.6-6.9 (ndale).

Stevia wokondedwa. © JRR

Mbewu za Stevia ndizochepa kwambiri, 4 mm kutalika, 0.5 mm mulifupi. Chifukwa chake, sindimatseka, koma ndikungoyala panthaka yothira, ndiye ndikuthirira. Ndimaphimba miphika pofesa ndi mtsuko wagalasi wowonekera, botolo la pulasitiki kapena filimu ndikuyika kutentha (20 ... 25 ° C). Zikatero, stevia amatuluka pakatha masiku 5. Ndimasunga mbande m'kuwala, koma pansi pa chotheka. Pambuyo pa miyezi 1.5 mutamera kumera, pang'onopang'ono ndimachotsa botolo kwakanthawi, mkati mwa sabata ndimaphunzitsira mbewu kuti ndizikhala mosabisa. Kulimbitsa mbande zopanda pobisalira ndimasamukira pazenera zowunikira ndi dzuwa.

Nditachotsa pobzala mbewuzo, ndikuonetsetsa kuti dothi lisaphwa (liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse). Kuti mpweya ukhalebe chinyezi, ndimapopera mbewu zamadzi ndi kutentha kwa firiji kawiri mpaka katatu patsiku. Zomera zikamakula, ndimasinthira miphika ku wowonjezera kutentha. Kuyambira mwezi wachiwiri utamera mbande, ndimawadyetsa milungu iwiri iliyonse, ndikusinthira feteleza wama mineral ndi organic. Kumwa pa 10 l: 10 g iliyonse 34% ammonium nitrate ndi 40% potaziyamu mchere, 20 g a superphosphate iwiri. Mullein ndidabzala mu gawo la 1:10. Pofika nthawi yophukira, mbewu zimafika masentimita 60-80.

Kufalikira kwa Stevia ndi kudula

Ngati simungagule mbewu zatsopano, ndiye kuti ndisiyira miphika ingapo yachisanu yozizira, yomwe ndimakhala kunyumba ndikuigwiritsa ntchito ngati chiberekero podula masamba obiriwira.

Mizu kudula kwa stevia. © chris

Phesi lobiriwira ndi gawo limodzi lachinyamata ndi mphukira ndi masamba ndi masamba. Ndimawatunga kuchokera ku mbewu za Stevia zomwe zidakula bwino, zomwe zaka zake ndi miyezi iwiri. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yodula mabulidwe imayambira pakati pa Meyi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Juni.

Ndidula mphukira kuti chitsa chokhala ndi masamba awiri kapena anayi chikutsalira pa chiberekero cha stevia. Ndiye kuchokera masamba omwe amakhala m'makoma a masamba, pofika nthawi yophukira 2-4 imamera mpaka 60-80 cm, masamba omwe amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya.

Pakazika mizu, phesi lobiriwira la Stevia liyenera kukhala ndi ma inform atatu kapena asanu, omwe pamwamba pake pamakhala masamba, ndipo pansi popanda iwo. Ine ndimazika timadontho ta stevia mu kapu kapena chidebe cha enamel ndi madzi kapena 1% yankho la shuga (supuni imodzi pa madzi okwanira 1 litre). Ndimatseka botolo ndi zinthu zakuda kuti maimidwe ake a dzuwa asalowe: mumdima, kudulidwa kumazika mizu bwino. Ndidayika makatoni pamwamba pa ngalande ndi mabowo momwe ndidayika zodulidwazo kuti mkati mwake wopanda masamba adamizidwa m'madzi, ndipo masamba ake sadakhudze ndikukhalabe mumlengalenga. Ndimabisa zodulidwa ndi mtsuko wowoneka bwino wa kukula kokulirapo kapena gawo la botolo la pulasitiki.

Ndimasintha madzi pakatha masiku atatu, ndipo kuti ndikhazikitse bwino katatu patsiku ndimasenda masamba a stevia ndi madzi kapena yankho la 1% la shuga. Kutentha kwa 18 ... 25 ° C, mizu imameranso sabata limodzi. Ndipo akafika 5-8 cm (mu masabata awiri), ndimadzala Stevia pabedi mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena m'miphika ndipo kwa sabata ndimasunga mbande pansi pa filimu. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa isanayambe kuzidula.

Stevia wokondedwa. © Irwin Goldman

Zomera zazikulu zimasonkhanitsa glycoside padzuwa. Komabe, ana achichepere a stevia ndi odulidwa osadulidwa amafa pansi pa nthambo zake. Chifukwa chake, ndimakonza bedi ndi gauze kapena zinthu zina. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito dothi ndikuyang'anira mbewu zokhazikika monga momwe zakhalira ndi nthangala. Kuthirira ngati pakufunika, koma kamodzi pa sabata. Miyezi itatu mutazika mizu ya masamba obiriwira, mphukira za Stevia zimafika kutalika kwa 60-80 cm.

Thirani madzi otentha pamwatsopano ndikuwuma pamithunzi ya masamba a stevia ndikulimbikira kwa maola 2-3. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito kulowetsa ndikupanga zipatso zosapsa, khofi, chimanga, confectionery.

Zokhudza zabwino za stevia

Masamba a Stevia ndi okoma kwambiri kuposa shuga ndipo ali ndi zinthu zoposa 50 zothandiza m'thupi la munthu: mchere wamchere (calcium, magnesium, potaziyamu, phosphorous, zinc, iron, cobalt, manganese); mavitamini P, A, E, C; beta-carotene, ma amino acid, mafuta ofunikira, ma pectins.

Kupadera kwa stevia kumagona pakuphatikiza mavitamini ndi mchere wambiri ndi kutsekemera kwakukulu komanso zinthu zochepa zopatsa mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, zakumwa ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi stevia zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kulemera kwa thupi ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga.

Monga sweetener, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Japan, ndipo ku USA ndi Canada imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya chowonjezera. Kafukufuku wazachipatala akuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino pogwiritsa ntchito stevia pochizira kunenepa kwambiri komanso matenda oopsa.

Nthano zakuopsa kwa stevia

Nthawi zambiri, kafukufuku wa 1985 amatchulidwa pa intaneti kuti ma steviosides ndi rebaudiosides (omwe amapezeka mu stevia) omwe amati amayambitsa masinthidwe ndipo, chifukwa chake, ndi nyama.

Komabe, kafukufuku wambiri komanso wambiri sanachitike omwe amatsimikizira izi. Makamaka, mu 2006, World Health Organisation (WHO) idawunikira mokwanira kafukufuku woyeserera wopangidwa pa nyama ndi anthu, ndipo adapanga chitsimikizo: "steviosides ndi rebaudiosides sizowopsa, genotoxicity of steviol ndipo zina mwazomwe zimapezekanso pazopopera sizinapezeke mu vivo". . Lipotilo silinapezenso umboni wakuwonetsa zinthu zomwe zidapangidwadi. Lipotilo linanenanso zothandiza: "stevioside yawonetsa kukhudzika kwina kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa komanso mwa odwala matenda a shuga 2."

Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pakulima stevia: G. Vorobyova