Zachikulu, zooneka ngati mkondo, ngati nthungo, masamba a alocasia amasokoneza chidwi cha omwe akuyamba komanso yolumikizira mbewu zamkati. Ojambula maluwa amakopeka ndi mwayi wokongoletsa ma sill ndi ma rack okhala ndi masamba okhala ndi masamba obiriwira, siliva ndi zovala zofiirira, pomwe mitsempha yowala ndi malo osiyana amawonekera.
Alocasia ndi mitundu yambiri, yolumikizitsa mbewu zomwe sizili zofanana ndikuwoneka kapena kukula kwake. Koma ngati kuyang'ana koyamba kwa wobzala kumangodziwa za zachilendo komanso zochititsa chidwi, ndiye nthawi yoti musadabwe ndi gawo la pansi pa alocasia ndi tsinde lake, komwe ndi kukula kwachilengedwe kwa nthangala yake.
Ndipo mbewu zazikulu zomwe zimakula mpaka kutalika mamita atatu, ndi mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri ya alocasia yomwe ndi yolumikizidwa ndi:
- kuchokera pachifuwa chokhala ngati khungu loterera;
- kuchokera phesi;
- kuchokera masamba akulu kuchokera kwa iwo, womwe unakhazikitsidwa pa petioles yayitali.
Komanso, ndiye muzu wa alocasia womwe ndi gwero la moyo wa mbewu, chizindikiro cha thanzi lake komanso njira yoberekera.
Alocasia tuber - mtima wa chomera
Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti chifukwa cha tubers, alocasia amadzaza madera ambiri a India komanso kuzilumba za Pacific Ocean. Apa, alocasia ndi muzu waukulu, mtundu wachilengedwe cha kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, siwokongoletsa, koma chomera chomera.
M'madera otentha, m'minda yomwe mwakonzedwa bwino, ma alocasia amakula kuyambira 1 mpaka 4 zaka. Munthawi imeneyi, ma rhizomes amakula, kulemera, mawonekedwe a ana aakazi pa iwo. Mukakolola kuchokera ku chomera chimodzi, timbewu ta 1.8 mpaka 15 za alocasia zimapezeka, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya chamafuta ndi michere.
Ngakhale kuti kuchuluka kwa calcium cyanides ndi calcium oxalate amapezeka muzomera zonse za banja losadziwikirali, lomwe limakhala ndi vuto lokwiyitsa, oblong kapena oval alocasia tubers amadyedwa pambuyo poyeretsa komanso kutentha. Momwemonso, amachita ndi masamba apamwamba a zomera za alocasia amwenye kapena akulu mizu.
Anthu am'deralo, komanso okhala ku China ndi Vietnam, kukonza alocasia ngati mtengo wochiritsa, kuphatikiza apo, ma tubers amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga mowa.
Kodi mtengo wa ma ma rhizomes ndi chiyani? Mtengo wamafuta 100 magalamu a masentimita a alocasia, kutengera mitundu ndi mtundu wa mbewu, ndi 293-599 kJ. Nthawi yomweyo, pa 100 magalamu a tubers ali
- 63-81 g chinyezi;
- 0,6-3.3 g mapuloteni;
- 0.1-0.2 g yamafuta;
- 17-27 g chakudya chamafuta;
- 1.1-1.3 g wa phulusa;
- 46-153 mg wa calcium.
Kuphatikiza apo, chitsulo, phosphorous, niacin ndi riboflavin, thiamine ndi ascorbic acid zilipo mu ma rhizomes a mbewu.
Tsoka ilo, mitundu yambiri yomwe imakula monga manyowa sikhala ndi thanzi labwino, koma imagwira ntchito yabwino kwambiri yokongoletsa nyumba zogona komanso zapagulu.
Zowona, kuti chomera chisangalatse mwini wake ndi maonekedwe abwino komanso thanzi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti alocasia ipangitse zinthu zomwe zimakumbutsa mbewuzo kunyumba - munthaka ndi malo otentha a Asia ndi Oceania.
Kusamalira moyenera ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukongola ndi thanzi la alocasia
Zomera za Alocasia zikulimbikitsidwa kuti zisungidwe zowala koma zowala. Popeza kulibe dzuwa mwachindunji pansi pa mitengo yamvula, m'chipindacho amatha kupangitsa kuti mawonekedwe a bulauni kapena ofiira owoneka ngati masamba a alocasia - awotchedwe. Zomera zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri ndi mpweya wouma.
Ngati thanzi la alocasia ndi nthenda yake, monga pepala la litmus, likuwonekera pamasamba, ndiye kuti chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri chimakhala chobisika.
Zowonongeka zilizonse kapena kusasangalatsa kwa tuber ya alocasia kumakhudzanso moyo wake. Zinthu zoterezi zitha kuchitika chifukwa chothirira mopitirira muyeso kapena kusakonzekera bwino, kuyanika kutulutsa dothi komanso kuzizira kwa dothi komanso gawo lobiriwira la mbewu, kusowa kwa zakudya komanso ngakhale zochulukirapo.
Ndizosadabwitsa kuti funso loti: "Ndichite chiyani ngati alocasia ikasowa?" Mungamve kuchokera kwa otulutsa maluwa ambiri omwe sanaphunzirebe zofunikira za anthu okhala kumalo otentha. Mafani azomera zachilendo, akukumana ndi vuto loipa lanyama, masamba akugwa kapena mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndi mitundu pa izo, ayenera kuganizira zonse za mizu ya alocasia ndikusanthula chisamaliro cha chikhalidwe chachipinda.
Pakati pa kuthirira, dothi lakuya kwa masentimita 2-3 liyenera kupukuta, chotupa chonsecho chizikhala chinyontho chofanana.
Kuti muchite izi, musangothirira mbewu pazigawo zingapo, komanso muyenera kuthira chinyezi chonse chomwe chatuluka mu pallet. Mizu ya alocasia imakonda kwambiri kuyanika ndi madzi osasunthika. Izi ndizofunikira kuganizira nthawi yophukira-yozizira ikachitika, pomwe chomera chikufunika mtendere, ndikuthirira. Ngati izi sizichitika, chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda oyamba ndi alocasia sitingapewe, mwatsoka, chikhalidwe chake chimagwira kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda, okhazikika nthawi yothirira, chidwi chimafunikanso pakudyetsa mbewu zotentha.
Ngati alocasia sikumera kapena kupatsa masamba ang'onoang'ono opunduka, ndi nthawi yothandizira mbewuyo ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Nthawi yabwino yothira feteleza ndi miyezi ya masika ndi chilimwe, momwe alocasia imayamba kupanga ndipo imatha kupanga kutengera pepala pa sabata. Alocasia imadyetsedwa ndi mankhwala ophatikizika ndi chilengedwe, koma pamtunda wochepetsetsa ngati mbewu zina zamkati.
M'nyengo yozizira, anthu ochokera m'nkhalango zotentha sangathe kukumana ndi manyowa, apo ayi mchere womwe udagwa pansi ungapangitse kutentha kwakukulu kuzika mizu ya alocasia ndi mizu yake.
Zomera zimakonda mpweya ndi kutentha kwa 22-26 ° C. Kuphatikiza apo, kuzizira kwake kufika pa 12-15 ° C kumayambitsa kutsika konse muzochitika zonse za moyo, chomera chimataya masamba ndi hibernates. Chinanso chozizira ndi kufa kosasunthika kwa ma tubor a alocasia, omwe amayenera kukumbukiridwa ndi wamaluwa omwe amatenga mbewu za chilimwe kumunda kapena khonde.
Zizindikiro za alocasia yopanda matenda ndi matenda ake
Vutoli limakulirakulira ngati alocasia samangokhala mu mpweya wozizira, koma nthaka yomwe ili mumphikayo imadzaza ndi chinyezi. Chomera chofowoka chimataya kamvekedwe kake ndikuwukiridwa ndi bowa wa pathogenic, mabakiteriya obwezeretsa komanso tizirombo. Mizu ya alocasia imayamba kuponya koyamba. Tiziwalo tawo timasintha mtundu kukhala utoto, kufewetsa ndikugwa. Zotsatira zake, alocasia palokha siyimakula, imafooka ndipo imataya zokongoletsera zake.
Chomera chofooka chimakhala ndi matenda a alocasia monga zowola zimayambira ndi mizu, mawanga, komanso fusarium ndi mochedwa choipitsa. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amawoneka ngati mawanga bulauni kapena masamba akuda. Madera okhudzidwa azunguliridwa ndi halo wachikasu kapena lalanje.
Pamene matendawa akukula, alocasia amataya masamba, ndipo kuvala pamwamba komanso njira zina zosamalira sizingabwezeretse mbewuyo kuukongola wake wakale.
Ngati wokonza dimba apeza matenda amtundu wa alocasia, ndikofunikira:
- chotsani masamba owonongeka ndi ogwa;
- pezani chomera;
- onani momwe mizu ndi tubers alocasia;
- amachepetsa kuthirira ndikukhazikitsa chisamaliro;
- gwiritsani ntchito gawo la mlengalenga ndi fungicic yothandizira.
Panthawi yomwe matenda a alocasia adakhudza tuber ndi mizu yochokera kwa iwo, ndikofunikira kuchotsa ziwalo zonse. Ndipo musadandaule kuti alocasia amatha. Ngakhale kutayika kwa gawo lalikulu la tuber, mbewuyo imatha kufalikira pogwiritsa ntchito zigawo zonse za tsinde ndi mwana wamkazi zolumikizidwa ndi mayi wa tuber kapena kukula kale mosiyana.
Mukamayang'ana mizu ya cholingalira chodwala, ndikofunikira kupeza timinofu tating'onoting'ono komanso kuikonza.
Momwe mungafalitsire alocasia ndi tubers?
Mothandizidwa ndi ma tubers a mwana wamkazi, ndikosavuta kupeza chomera cha alocasia chatsopano. Nthawi yomweyo, anyaniwa achinyamata azisungabe zizindikiro zonse zomwe amakonda, azikhala olimba komanso athanzi.
Nthawi zina zikumera za "ana" akazi zimatha kuwonekera mumphika pafupi ndi chomera chachikulu. Pankhaniyi, alocasia imangokhala m'malo osiyana, kuyesera kuti isawononge nodule yaying'ono ndi mizu ingapo.
Ngati timinofu timalumikizana ndi mpweya waukulu kapena mawonekedwe mwachindunji, iwo amathanso kubzala pomwe masamba awiri amawonekera ndi kuchuluka kwa mizu yokwanira kudzilimira. Asanabzalidwe mu nthaka, machubu a alocasia amatha kuthandizidwa ndi epin, ngati pali chivulazo pamtunda wa rhizome, amawazidwapo ndi nkhuni zosankhuka kapena makala oyambitsa.
Dothi la mizu ya alocasia limasowa lotayirira, ndikupeza mpweya wabwino. Ndipo apa mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chisakanizo cha mchenga, peat ndi perlite kapena dothi lokonzekera la ma orchid. Chikhalidwe chabwino chimazikika mu sphagnum, koma pambuyo pakupanga mizu yoyamba, alocasia imasunthidwa pansi.
Kuti tuber ikule msanga mumtsuko wokutidwa ndi filimu, ndikofunikira kusunga kutentha kwa pafupifupi 22 ° C, komanso nthawi zina mpweya wabwino pamalowo.
Mizu yozizira kwambiri ya alocasia
Ngati chomera chachikulire chikuwonongeka kwambiri ndi zowola, kapena alocasia sichikula pazifukwa zina, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha zaka zopitilira zaka 4, fanizoli lingasinthidwe ndikudula ndi kuzula tsinde.
Masamba onse amachotsedwa pamtengowo, kenako kumtunda kumachotsedwa ndi tsamba lakuthwa popanda kuthana ndi zowola ndi zowonongeka. Gawo limathandizidwa ndi ufa wa kaboni ndikuwuma kwa ola limodzi. Muzu wa tsinde lomwe limatuluka ungakhale mu osakanikirana ndi peat ndi mchenga, pomwe mbewuyo imakutidwa ndi filimu.
Pakupita milungu ingapo, kupangidwa kwa mizu kuyenera kuyembekezeredwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti nthawi yakwana ndikusanditsa phula kuti lisakanikirane ndi sphagnum moss ndi dothi la m'munda. Pambuyo podzikongoletsa, masamba abwino a masamba posachedwa amawonekera pamtengowo.
Ndikotheka kukakamiza alocasia kuti ipatse mizu ya mpweya musanachotsere pamwamba, ngati mutakulunga thunthu ndi moss yonyowa. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, ma rhizomes athanzi amawonekera pansi pa "bandeji", yomwe imathandizira kufalikira ndi kubereka kwachikhalidwe.
Ngati gawo lakumtunda la alocasia litadulidwa kuchokera ku cholingalira chathanzi, gawo lomwe latsala m'nthaka imaperekanso masamba atsopano ndikupitiliza kukula.
Ngakhale gawo la nthangala yakeyo limatha kupatsa moyo chomera chatsopano ngati chikhala ndi tulo limodzi. Pesi lotere limachiritsidwa ndi ufa wa malasha, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, ndi fangayi, kenako ndikuziika m'zotengera zina.
