Pakati pa mitundu masauzande ambiri a aphid padziko lapansi, mitundu ingapo yasankha peyala, ndikuyipitsa mtengo. Ma nsabwe pa peyala - pokonza? - funso lomwe limafunsidwa pafupipafupi. Koma ndikofunikira: momwe mungakonzere ngale kuti ikhale ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kudziwa tizilombo "mumunthu", magawo a chitukuko ndi kubereka. Ndikosatheka kuthana ndi zoyipa zonse, koma munthu waphunzira kuletsa kuchuluka mwa zolepheretsa zochepa.
Zomwe zimakhala zowopsa aphid
Nthawi zambiri, mtengo wa peyala umakhazikika ndi maapulo, a bulauni, wamagazi, omwe amasankha gwero limodzi lazakudya zonse kuzungulira chitukuko. Tizilombo totere timatchedwa monoecious. Pali dioecious, yomwe mumnyengo amasamukira ku mitundu ina ya mbewu zobzalidwa.
Aphid ndi mankhwala a cephalopod osapitirira 3 mm. Zimatha kukhala zobiriwira, zofiirira, zakuda, zofiira. Pakutukuka, amadutsa gawo la ana. Woyamba amawoneka kuchokera dzira lomwe lasiyidwa m'dzinja pamiyendo ya mitengo kapena pansi pafupi ndi tsinde.
Ma aphid oyamba amayamba kubereka, kupatsa ana katatu nthawi yotentha. Dongo limakula mokulira, ponseponse. Aliyense wotsatira amaikira mazira 60. Nthambi za mphukirazo zimaleka kukula, masamba amapindika kukhala chubu, ndikupanga malo okhala. Dziwani momwe nsabwe za m'masamba zimayang'ana pa chithunzi:
Mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, nsabwe za peyala zouluka. Ayenera kuwuluka kupita ku mtengo wina ndi kuchulukana pamenepo. Pamapeto kwa chilimwe, nsabwe za m'masamba, zomwe zimakhala ndi mapiko ndipo sizili m'mbali mwake, zidzawonekera. Mukugwa, azidzaza feteleza achikazi, adzaikira mazira kuti apitilize genus chaka chamawa.
Mapeyala a peyala samangosintha kapangidwe ka maselo a cell, ndikupangitsa tsamba kuti lisinthe. Chikwama ichi, chomwe chimadzazidwa ndi madzi a m'manja, chimapereka matumbo abwino. Nyerere zimadyera pakatikati kotsekemera, ndipo bowa wa soti amayambira pamenepo. Mtengowo ndi woletsedwa, photosynthesis imalephera. Koma oyamwa nawonso amawuluka. Ndipo amatha kufalitsa kachilomboka kuchoka pamtengo wopatsirana ndikuyenda bwino ndi malovu. Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito nsabwe za m'masamba zimatengera kuchuluka kwa nthawi komanso nthawi.
Kukhalapo kwa nyerere zambiri pamalopo kudzatsogolera ku kubwezeretsanso kwa aphid. Chifukwa chake, kulimbana kwaukhondo kumundawo kuyenera kukhala kovuta komanso kwadongosolo.
Aphid mitundu
Mwa mitundu yambiri ya nsabwe za m'masamba, mitundu 20 imakhala m'mapichesi. Amakonda kukoma kwa madzi a peyala.
Ma aphid obiriwira samangokhala pa mitengo ya peyala, komanso mitengo ina yazomera. Kuyambira kuthengo komweko kumadzaza masamba ofota kuchokera kumbuyo. Masamba amapotozedwa, mphukirayo imaleka kukulira.
Zithandizo za Folk zimagwira ntchito nthawi yoyamba. Tsamba litangokulungidwa kukhala chubu, fumbi kapena dontho la chinyezi limalowa mkatimo. Tizilombo touluka tidzawonongedwa, koma koluluyo ichira.
Brown aphid ndi tizilombo ta peyala. Dzira lakuda lonyezimira lolumikizidwa ndi khungwa la mtengo. Kutalika kwa tizirombo tating'ono ndi 2.5 mm. Mtundu wake ndi wakuda kwambiri. Kutupa kuchokera ku msuzi, aphid amatenga ubweya wonenepa. Tizilomboti timaboola masamba m'mphepete mwa tsamba. Pali kutupa kwa mphutsi. Masamba amataya mawonekedwe ndi mtundu. Mtengowu umakhala utoto
Ma aphid am'madzi amakhala m'malo otentha. Amakhala mitengo ya maapozi, peyala. Chodabwitsa cha aphid ichi ndikuti pamene chimaphwanyidwa, madziwo amakhala ofiira, ndipo dongo limafanana ndi mpira wa thonje. Munthu aliyense amakutidwa ndi loyera.
Ma aphid wamagazi amadya mphukira, mitengo ikuluikulu, mizu. Malo omwe chilonda kuchokera kwa woyamwitsa adawonekera sichikuuma, chilonda chikuwonekera - chipata chachindunji cha matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Zowonjezereka zama aphid zamagazi ndi mbande zazing'ono, zomwe zimawononga. Mazira ophukira amabisala m'mizu. Ma aphid achikulire amakhalapo. Zopezeka nyengo 10, aliyense wamkazi amatenga anthu 200. M'chilimwe, zazikazi zamapiko zimakonda kukhala.
Ndiye ndimatani pochitira nsabwe za m'masamba kuti mumasulidwe amtengowo?
Njira zopewera ndi kuwongolera nsabwe za m'masamba
Nyengo, nyakulima amayang'anitsitsa mundawo, womwe ndi chakudya cha tizilombo tambiri. Kutsatira njira zodzitetezera kungachedwetse nthawi yomwe mawonekedwe a nsabwe za m'masamba, kuchepetsa chiwerengero, koma ndizosatheka kuchotsa mmunda wonsewo. Musanalimbane ndi nsabwe za m'maso pa peyala, ndizotheka kuti zisachitike.
- Mazira omwe ali pakhungwa la mtengo amawonongeka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Makungwa amayeretsedwa ndi dothi, ming'alu imachiritsidwa ndi antiseptic, yokonzedwa ndi var. Mtengo utayeretsedwa. Kukumba bwalo.
- M'dzinja, khungwa la mtengo ndi thunthu lozungulira limathiridwa ndi madzi otentha kwambiri, mpaka madigiri 80. Kuchita kwakanthawi kochepa. Makungwa adzapulumuka, mazira a tizilombo adzafa.
- Pomalizira, mtengowo umatetezedwa ku nsabwe za m'masamba zomwe zimayambira pansi ndipo othamangawo, nyerere, ndikuyika lamba womatira pamtengo.
- Ngakhale masamba asanatsegule, tizirombo toyambitsa matenda timachiza nsabwe za m'masamba. Mphutsi zoyambirira zidzawonongedwa.
Njira zochizira ma aphid zimatha kuchitika zipatso zisanakhazikitsidwe komanso mutakolola.
Njira yothandizira ya mankhwala a prophylactic amaonedwa kuti ndi chithandizo kumayambiriro kwa kasupe masamba asanaphukire ndi Kinmix, asanafike maluwa ndi Agravertin, ndipo pambuyo pa zipatso ovary - Iskra. Pambuyo pake, kukonzekera kwa mankhwala kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azizilombo wowerengeka azitsamba? Tizilombo, adani achilengedwe a nsabwe za m'masamba - ma ladybugs, ntchentche zazikazi, zingwe, apilin amasungidwa. Pokhala pazabwino, amatha kufupikitsa tizilombo tambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, nsabwe za m'masamba zimatsukidwa ndimtsinje wamadzi ozizira, koma pambuyo pake zimayenera kuchotsedwa pansi pa mtengo, kapena kuyikidwa m'manda ndi kumasula kozama. Njira yothira sopo imathandiza - paketi ya sopo pa ndowa. Phulusa la Ash limavulaza tizilombo tonse - tizirombo. Kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi mankhusu, adyo, celandine, dandelion - njira zonse ndi kulowetsedwa, decoctions amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa tizilombo. Koma kukulira kwa dothiyo kudzapitiliza ngati tsamba layamba kale kukhala ndulu.
Ngakhale nditamaliza ntchito zonse, munthu sangakhale otsimikiza kuti pakati pa chilimwe, nsabwe za m'masamba sizikhazikika pa peyala.
