Ku kanyumba kalikonse kazilimwe kapena m'mabedi m'mundamo, nkhaka ndizokhwima. Mlimi aliyense amadziwa zinsinsi zake zobzala komanso njira zokulira. Amapezeka ndikuchita zaka zambiri pazambiri. Ndi zinthu zamtundu wanji zomwe sizigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mabedi oyambira. Njira zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, momwe zimapangira zopangira izi zamasamba. Wamaluwa opangira maluwa abwera ndi njira zopitilira khumi ndi ziwiri zosangalatsa komanso zachilendo za kuswana ndi kulima nkhaka. Pano pali gawo laling'ono la iwo.
Njira 1. Kukula nkhaka m'mbale
Mbiya imatha kukhala yachitsulo, yamatanda (nthawi zonse yokhala pansi ndi mbali) kapena yopangidwa ndi matayala angapo agalimoto. Iyenera kudzazidwa (pafupifupi magawo makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu asanu) ndikuchotsa zinyalala zosiyanasiyana pophatikiza ndi nthaka. Njirayi ndiyosavuta kuchita m'dzinja, koma ndizotheka ndi kuyambika kwa kasupe.
Mbiya yodzazidwa iyenera kuthiridwa tsiku lililonse ndi madzi ofunda, komanso bwino ndi yankho lapadera la mankhwalawa wokhala ndi tizilombo tothandiza. Musanabzale nkhaka zam'mango, pamtunda wapamwamba (pafupifupi ma sentimita khumi) wokhala ndi dothi lachonde umathiridwa m'mbale. M'dzikoli ndikufunika kubzala mbande kapena mbewu.
Kuti mbewu itulutsidwe mwachangu, muyenera kuziphimba ndi mabotolo apulasitiki akuluakulu kapena kutseka mbiya ndi filimu ya opaque. Ndipo kuthirira ndikupanga zina zowonjezera zamadzimadzi, botolo lomweli la pulasitiki lingathandize. Afunika kudula pansi ndikukumba mbiya ndi khosi pansi. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuthirira komwe madzi ofunikira amalowa m'nthaka.
Nkhaka ovary mukamakula imatsika m'mphepete mwa mbiya, ndipo nkhaka zonse zikuwoneka.
Ubwino wakukula nkhaka mu mbiya:
- Mizu yazomera zamasamba nthawi zonse imakhala yabwino, chifukwa kuwonongeka kwa manyowa kumabweretsa kutentha kwambiri. Kukula kwa mbewu kumachitika mwachangu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zipatso zoyambirira zimawonekera kale kuposa pamabedi wamba.
- Mbiya yachilengedwe imatenga malo ochepa.
- Ndi njira iyi yokukula, nkhaka sizimawopa chisanu pansi, chifukwa zimakhala m'malo otetezeka.
- Palibenso chifukwa chowonongera mphamvu pakukula mabedi.
- Zipatsozi zimapezeka pamaso panu, sizifunikira kupezeka m'nkhwawa zowirira zamakango, ndipo simukuyenera kuwerama, ngati mabedi aminda.
- Mchenga ndi nthaka sizimabala zipatso, zimakhala zouma komanso zoyera.
- Nthaka yachilengedwe mu mbiya imathanso feteleza, imakhala ndi zonse zofunikira pomera mbewu. Sakufunanso mavalidwe ena apamwamba.
Zovuta zokulitsa nkhaka m'mabapu:
- Muyenera kugula migolo.
- Kuti mudzaze ndikufunika zinyalala zingapo.
- "Bedi la mbiya" liyenera kuthiriridwa kuposa m'mundawo. Zamoyo siziyenera kuuma; ziyenera kukhala zonyowa nthawi zonse.
Njira 2. Kukula nkhaka m'matumba kapena m'matumba
Njirayi imapangidwanso pamiyeso yogona. Kuti mupange bedi loterolo, mufunika thumba lalikulu lamkaka (lingapangidwe kuchokera ku chimanga chilichonse kapena shuga), dothi lodzala nkhaka, mitengo khumi kapena chitsulo ndi ndodo imodzi yamatanda (osachepera mamitala awiri), machubu atatu apulasitiki (makumi atatu mulifupi ndi zana limodzi) masentimita) ndi chingwe chocheperako (pafupifupi mikono makumi atatu).
Choyamba, ntchito yokonzekera. Pa chubu chilichonse chapulasitiki muyenera kubowola mabowo kutalika konse. Adzagwira ntchito yothirira. Pamphepete limodzi ndodo yamatabwa muyenera kuyendetsa misomali yaying'ono, yomwe chingwecho chimalumikizidwa.
Kenako muyenera kudzaza thumba ndi dothi lokonzedwa, ndikuyika ndodo pakati. Ma machubu apulasitiki amayikidwa pansi mozungulira ndodoyo. Mabala ang'onoang'ono amadulidwa ndi mpeni mbali imodzi ya chikwamacho. Ndikokwanira kubzala mbande zitatu mchikwama chimodzi.
Kutsirira kumachitika kudzera m'machubu apulasitiki, ndipo chinyezi cha dothi chimatha kutsimikizika kudula kwamtunda pa thumba. M'nyengo yotentha ndi youma, mabedi oterowo amafunika kuthiriridwa madzi tsiku lililonse, komanso nyengo yozizilitsa ndi yozizira - kamodzi pa sabata.
Ngati masharubu ayamba kuwonekera pamtondo wa nkhaka, zikutanthauza kuti nthawi yakwana yoti asamalire thandizo lakwapula nkhaka zamkango. Zikhomo zomwe zidakonzedwa kale zimayendetsedwa pansi mozungulira chikwama. Kenako chingwe chimakoka pachikhomo chilichonse ndikuchimangirira kumtengo kwamtengo.
Ubwino wakukula nkhaka m'matumba kapena m'matumba:
- Samatenga malo ambiri m'mundamo.
- Sizitengera nthawi kuti tikumbe.
- Ndikosavuta kusamalira masamba.
- Zipatso zimacha kale ndipo nthawi zonse zimakhala zoyera.
Zoyipa zamakalaka omwe akukula m'matumba kapena m'matumba:
- Mtengo wopezera zida zidzafunika.
- Ndikofunikira kupatula nthawi yokonzekera ndi kumanga kama wokhazikika.
- Kuwongolera kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumafunika. Mu dothi louma - mbewu zidzafa chifukwa cha chilala, komanso m'madzi - kuchokera kumatenda.
Njira 3. Kukula nkhaka mu hema kapena nyumba
Njirayi si wamba ngakhalenso yoyambirira. Poyamba imawoneka ngati duwa laling'ono lozungulira, ndipo ndikamakula, imakhala ngati kanyumba.
Mphukira mbande kapena nthanga zimabzalidwa m'maenje mulifupi lonse (pafupifupi mita kukula). Pafupi ndi bowo lirilonse muyenera kumata zikhomo zazing'ono kapena zibowo zachitsulo pansi. Pakatikati pa bedi lamaluwa wamphaka, muyenera kukhoma chubu yokonzekera (pafupifupi mikono itatu), pafupi mita. Mahatchi amamangiriridwa kumtunda kwa chitolirochi. Chingwe kapena waya woonda amatambasulidwa kuchokera kuzokoka izi kupita kumapeto. Kapangidwe kake konse kamayenera kumakutidwa ndi filimu yowonekera mpaka kumapeto kwa kuzizira. Ngati simunakonzekere kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama za chingwe, chitoliro ndi waya, ndiye kuti mapangidwe ake onse akhoza kusakanikirana kuchokera ku nthambi wamba. Bedi loterolo lidzakhala ngati hema.
Chinyumba chotere cha nkhaka sichingopereka zokolola zabwino zokha, koma chidzakhala chokongoletsera nyumba yonse yachilimwe.
Zomangira zoterezi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito osati m'mabedi am'munda. Kukula nkhaka m'mbale kapena m'matumba, kanyumba kameneka (kocheperako pang'ono chabe) kadzakhala malo owonjezerako nyengo yozizira.
Ubwino wakukula nkhaka m'hema kapena m'nyumba:
- Chinyengochi chimakhala chokongoletsera pamalopo, chimakopa chidwi komanso chisangalalo.
- Zipatso zakupsa zili bwino, ndizosavuta kusankha ndipo sizifunika kutsukidwa.
- Chihema choterocho chimasunga malo kanyumba yachilimwe.
Zovuta zokulitsa nkhaka mu hema kapena chimbudzi:
- Ndalama zofunikira zidzafunika kugula zina zowonjezera.
- Kukonzekera ndi kusanja kwa dongosolo lonse pakokha kumafuna nthawi ndi khama.
Njira 4. Kukula nkhaka pa trellis
Iyi ndi njira yotsimikiziridwa komanso yotchuka kwambiri, ndipo yofunika kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito nkhaka. Monga momwe mungapangire trellis, zipilala zamatanda (kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi theka), ma slats achitsulo, ma mesh polymer, twine ndi zina zotero ndizoyenera.
Muyenera kuyamba ndikubzala mbewu kapena mbande m'mabedi. Mabedi awiri azikhala ofanana wina ndi mnzake pa mtunda wa osaposa theka la mita. Pakati pa mabowo a nkhaka muyenera kusiya masentimita makumi awiri ndi asanu. Mbewu zikangofika kutalika kwa masentimita khumi, ndiye nthawi yoyambira kukhazikitsa trellis.
Ili pakati, pakati pa mabedi. Palibe malingaliro okhwima pamakonzedwe a kapangidwe kake ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu. Aliyense atha kubweretsa mtundu wake wothandizira chomera. Monga thandizo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chimanga chobzalidwa pakati pa mabedi a nkhaka kapena mpendadzuwa. Nkhaka, mothandizidwa ndi anangula awo, adzapeza chitsogozo chofunikira ndipo adzagwiritsitsa mwamphamvu thandizo.
Ubwino wakukula nkhaka pa trellis:
- Ndikothekera kukolola, nkhaka zimakhala zowuma komanso zoyera.
- Mabedi a nkhaka amapezeka pamalo otseguka, omwe amatsimikizira kuti mpweya wabwino wabwino. Izi ndizofunikira ngati prophylaxis yolimbana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
- Mabedi oterowo amaperekedwa kwathunthu ndi dzuwa ndi kutentha.
Zovuta zokulitsa nkhaka pamtengo wamtengo wapatali:
- Pamafunika ndalama zolipirira zinthu - mesh. Twine, slats, mitengo.
- Zimatenga mphamvu yakuthupi komanso nthawi yaulere.
- Mabedi oterowo amafunika kukumba.
Njira 5. Kukula nkhaka pa ndodo za msondodzi
Njirayi ipempha chidwi kwa iwo omwe sakonda kugwira nawo ntchito yomanga nyumba zowonjezera. Ziphuphu zakula mwanjira yachikhalidwe, m'mabedi. Ndodo za Willow zimangogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo. Amagwada mosavuta, motero malekezero a ndodo amamatira pansi pamabedi a nkhaka. Nthambi iliyonse imasandulika kukhala duwa lomwe limapuma linzake. Zimbudzi zimagundana, kuthandizana. Udzu wachilengedwe wotere umalepheretsa kuti mbewuyo isakhudzane ndi dothi ndikupereka mpweya wabwino.
Njira 6. Kukula nkhaka pansi pa kanema wakuda
Njirayi ipangitsa chidwi kwa iwo omwe adayamika phindu la dimba lotentha. Pomanga, ndikofunikira kukonza zofunikira pasadakhale: filimu yakuda pulasitiki, zinyalala zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe, nthambi zazing'ono zamitengo, mchenga, phulusa, humus, kukonzekera kwa EM.
Pabedi nkhaka sizofunika kuthiriridwa nthawi zambiri; Zomera zoyambirira zidzawonekera kumapeto kwa Juni.
Pali njira zambiri zokulitsira nkhaka, koma mwina njira imodzi yofotokozedwayo ingakusangalatseni ndipo idzakusangalatsani ndi kukolola kochuluka.
