Kaso, onunkhira, okongola - Shabo clove amatha ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi "agogo" a chomera, akale. Koma nthawi yomweyo, imakhalabe imodzi mwamagalimoto okondedwa kwambiri. Poyesedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, mtengowu umasiyanitsidwa ndi zonse zokongola komanso kupirira, zomwe zidaloleza kuti zithandizire kupeza m'ndandanda wazomwe zimafunikira kuti zikule kudzera mu mbande. Koma kuti muchite bwino, musaiwale za kuyamba kwake. Chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali yobzala, ma cloves a Shabo ndi amodzi mwa oyamba kubzala mbande akadali kutali kwambiri kuyambira pomwe nyengo yatsopano imayamba. Ichi si mbewu yosavuta yosamalira mbande, koma kuyesayesa konse nkoyenera kukongola. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za momwe mbande za Shabo zingakulire.
Zodzikongoletsera ndi munda.
Muli mitundu ya ma cloves munda wamunda Shabo
Zokongoletsa za munda wamitundu ya Shabo kapena ma hybrids a Shabo (Dianthus caryophyllus var. Chabaud) mdziko lathu lodziwika bwino lomwe limangotchedwa Shabo cloves, ngakhale kumadzulo nthawi zambiri limangotchulidwa ngati gulu la mitundu yamaluwa aminda. Zomera sizinthu zachilendo, koma zimakhalabe imodzi mwazodziwika bwino kwambiri komanso zodziwika bwino.
Ngakhale kuti ma cloves onse a Shabo ndi ma biennials, adakulidwa monga zokolola za pachaka. Ili ndi mtundu wokhala ndi mitengo yovuta kwambiri, yopanda nthambi, yotalika masentimita 10 mpaka 20. Wotsutsana, sessile, masamba opyapyala okhala ndi utoto wamaso amakongoletsedwa ndi mphukira zopindika mpaka hafu ya mita, wokhala ndi maluwa awiriawiri, akulu mpaka masentimita 6, osungidwa mu inflorescence.
Zing'onozing'ono kwambiri kuposa zokongoletsera za greenhouse zofunikira kwambiri, koma zonunkhira bwino kwambiri, maluwa okongola awa amatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazisankho zabwino kwambiri. Mtundu wawo ndi wosiyana kwambiri - kuyambira yoyera ndi yapinki mpaka yofiyira, yofiyira, yamtambo komanso yachikaso. Koma mwayi wawukulu wa mawonekedwe a Shabo ndi fungo lake, lopanda chidwi, lopatsa chidwi komanso chaching'ono. Maluwa a Shabo amatulutsa pafupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mutabzala ndikumatha mpaka miyezi isanu, mwachikhalidwe kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka chisanu.
Ngakhale gulu la zokongoletsa za dimba la Shabo limaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mitundu yosakanikirana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mbewuzo ndizosadabwitsa ndipo zimatha kudzitamandira kuti hybrids zatsopano ndi mitundu yakale yakale, mayina omwe omwe amadziwika bwino ndi olima maluwa, amakhalabe otchuka chimodzimodzi Zaka za zana la 19.
Chifukwa chake mitundu yatsopano yamtundu wamtali wamtundu wa Shabo wamtali wamtundu wa "Luminette Wosakanikirana" ndi wotsika - "Knight Series Anasakanizidwa", womwe umatha kuphuka mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndikupanga maluwa 30 pachomera chimodzi, sanasinthe m'malo otchuka - mitundu yachikasu "Marie Shabo", lilac "Mikado", maswiti pinki "La France", pinki yowala "Pink Queen", wofiira "Fiery King", woyera "Jeanne Dionysus" kapena chitumbuwa cha Cherry "Lezhen D'Oner". Ndipo ndibwino kusankha zovala zingapo Shabo malinga ndi mtundu wawo, popeza kulima mbande zamitundu yonse ndi chimodzimodzi.
Ngati mukungodziwana ndi mbewuyi, nthawi zonse musankhe mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Koma ndibwino kuti akatswiri odziwa bwino zamaluwa asankhe zatsopano ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa maluwa ndi kupilira kwa mbewu. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi mitundu yatsopano ya Shabo wosakanizidwa yomwe imakhala ndi nyengo yofupikulitsa, chifukwa cha zomwe zimomera zimatha kuphuka mwezi kapena awiri kale kuposa mpikisano wakale. Koma mitundu yotere siyinayesedwe mokwanira ndipo imafuna chisamaliro chovuta kwambiri, njira yawo yolima iyenera kuphunziridwa malinga ndi malingaliro a wopanga, ndipo chidziwitso pakukula mbande sichingavulaze.
Kudzisankhira mbewu ndi kusankha kwawo kufesa
Gulu lazovala ili limawerengedwa kuti ndiwodziwika kwambiri. Mbewu zobzalidwa ndizabwinobwino komanso zosavuta kupezeka. Galamu iliyonse ya mbewu yogulidwa imakhala ndi mbewu zotheka 500, ndipo kumera kuli m'gulu kwambiri, 80-95%. Chifukwa chakuti mbewu za ma cloves Shabo amasunga kumera kwa zaka ziwiri mpaka zitatu, mutha kuzigula pasadakhale. Koma popewa zodabwitsazi, ndibwino kuti nthawi zonse muziwunika osati tsiku lokhazikitsa mbewu, komanso tsiku la zosonkhanitsa.
Kudzikolotsa nthanga za Shabo cloves sikungatheke nthawi zonse. Kuti mbewu zipse, ndikofunikira kupereka ma cloves ndi nyengo youma, yotentha komanso dzuwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndipo popeza chimaphuka mu theka lachiwiri la nyengo, sikophweka kusungitsa mbewu palokha m'malo omwe nthawi yophukira imatentha. Kuti izi zitheke, mbewu zimayenera kuyikidwa m'malo otetezedwa, nthawi zina - zimasamutsidwa zipinda. Kucha kumatenga masiku 40-60, ndizosavuta kuphunzira za kucha: mbewu nthawi yomweyo zimatulutsa. Kuti muzisonkhanitse, muyenera kumangiriza chipatso mu nsalu kapena mauna ndikuwayang'anira.
Mbande ya cloves munda "Shabo".
Nthaka ndi zofesa muli
Pofesa ma cloves Shabo gwiritsani ntchito gawo lapansi lopepuka la mbande zosagwirizana nawo. Ngati mukukonza dothi nokha, ndiye kuti muvalidwe ili, sankhani msanganizo wamagawo ofanana ndi turf kapena dothi la m'munda, humus ndi peat, kuwonjezera theka la mchenga theka.
Kwa ma cloves Shabo amagwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera za mbande, mabokosi, mafotokope kapena mbale yosanja, zikuluzikulu zazikuluzikulu zomwe zili ndi mabowo otayira. Ndikwabwino ngati kutalika kwa zotengera sikuposa masentimita 5-6. Zotengera zakuya zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha kuchuluka kwa madzi ndikuchepa kwa mbande. Zotengera zonse (ngati zida ziloledwa) ziyenera kutetezedwa tizilombo toononga ta potaziyamu permanganate kapena madzi otentha.
Kubzala mbewu za cloves Shabo
Shabo clove yofesedwa imodzi yoyamba. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi iye kuti nthawi yobzala imayamba, popeza ngakhale maluwa otentha mkati mwa chilimwe, mbewuyo imafunika kufesedwa pakati pa dzinja, ndipo maluwa oyambirira amafunika kubzala pakati pa Januware. Nthawi yomwe mutha kufesa mbewu zavinishiyi ndizochepa kwa zaka khumi zapitazi za Januware mpaka zaka eyiti m'mwezi wa February.
Kulima koyambirira kwamaluwa koyambirira mwa njira ya kufesa kwa Disembala kumafunikira kuwunikira kosalekeza, ndipo, mwanjira ina, zida zapadera, ndipo sizogwiritsidwa ntchito konse kunyumba.
Musanayambe kufesa, muyenera kuyesa mchenga womwe mutha kuphimba mbewu zofesedwa. Mutha kuthanso mbewu zisanachitike, koma sizofunikira pakuchita izi: zimatuluka m'masiku ochepa chabe. Ngati mukufuna kuyesa, zilowetsani njere mu yankho la chilichonse chakukula.
Mbewu za mbewuyi ndi zokulirapo, motero palibe chifukwa chofuna kufesa nthaka. Zakonzedwa zakonzedwa zadzaza ndi dothi, pansi limakunguliridwa pang'ono, kuyesera kuti tisapange gawo lapansi, kenako ndikuthira pang'ono pang'ono. Pogwiritsa ntchito wolamulira kapena zida zina, miyala yopanda mawonekedwe imapangidwa pamtunda wamtali wa 3 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Kuzama kwa mitengo yophukira ndi pafupifupi masentimita 0,3. Simungapangitse zomangamanga, koma ingongikani njere m'mizere.
Mbewu zimayikidwa mosamala, imodzi nthawi, patali la 1 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Ndikwabwino kuwaza pamwambapa osati ndi dothi, koma ndi mchenga wowerengeka. Kusintha kwofunikira kumeneku kudzathandiza kuteteza maseche a Shabo ku miyendo yakuda kumayambiriro kwa kumera.
Pambuyo pamata pamchenga kapena poyambira timadzaza, dothi laling'ono. Phimbani mbewu ndi filimu kapenagalasi. Onetsetsani kuti musasunthike polakwitsa.
Zoyenera kumera mbewu za clove
Kubzala koyambirira kwa mabatani a Shabo kumatheka chifukwa chomera sichifunikira kuwala kowala kapena malo otentha kuti kumere. Mbewu za chovala ichi zimamera pamtunda wa pafupifupi madigiri 15 Celsius. Ngati sizotheka kupanga kuzizira kotere, ndiye yesani kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha sikusuntha kupitirira kutentha kwa digrii 18-20.
Chofunikira ndichakuti pakhale boma lotetezedwa chinyezi: gawo lapansi silikhala louma, koma kutulutsa madzi mopitirira muyeso sikuvomerezeka: ma cloves amasamala kwambiri kuwola. Gawo laling'ono limatetezedwa kuti lisaume ndi kupopera mbewu pompopompo pamtengo. Njirayi imachitika pambuyo poti nthaka yapamwambaumauma. Pulirani mbewu zanu tsiku ndi tsiku.
Mawonekedwe oyamba mbande za Shabo cloves nthawi zambiri amatenga masiku 4-5 m'malo abwino ozizira. Mphukira zambiri zimawonekera patatha masiku 8-10. Pamatenthedwe apamwamba, kumera kumachepetsa.
Zomera zomwe zimamera
Udzu ukangowonekera, filimuyo imayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo mbewuzo nkuziika m'malo osiyana:
- Patsani magetsi owala momwe mungathere ndikuyiyika pazenera lakumwera kapena ndi kuwala kwam'mbuyo;
- chepetsa kutentha mopitilira apo, kuzizindikiro za madigiri 12 mpaka 13 (osachepetsa kutentha, mbande zimatambasulidwa ndipo zimavuta kukwaniritsa ndikukula kwake kuchokera kwa iwo).
Pamunda wokukula, mwendo wakuda ndiowopsa kwambiri pamavuto a Shabo. M'pofunika kuti muchepetse nthaka mosamala kwambiri, kuwongolera kuwuma kwa gawo lapansi ndikungosunga chinyezi chokha. Kuti pakhale kutalika kwambiri, kowonda komanso kosalimba, mutha kuwaza dothi ndikamakula.
Mbande za cloves munda.
Diyani mbande
Chovala ichi sichifunika chimodzi, koma ziwiri. Izi zimatsimikizika mophweka: kubzala koyambirira kumabweretsa zomwe zimafunikira kuti mbewu zikule. Shabo amawombera atasinthira ku ziwiya zina zomwe zikukula, ndipo pofika makapuwo kukhala ochepa, zimatsala nthawi yochulukirapo kuti asamukire kumalo kwamuyaya. Chifukwa chake, ayenera kukhazikitsidwa mumiphika yayikulu kupititsa patsogolo mbewu.
Kuponyera pansi kumachitika ndi dothi lomweli monga zosakaniza pofesa, ngati zingatheke, gwiritsani ntchito gawo lapansi ndi kuchuluka kwa humus (kapena onjezerani feteleza wachilengedwe m'nthaka yomalizidwa).
Kutola koyamba kwa zovala za Shabo kumachitika pang'onopang'ono pafupifupi mbande zilizonse - mawonekedwe a masamba oyamba. Mbande ziyenera kubzalidwa m'mbale zazing'ono zingapo, mbande zokhala ndi mainchesi atatu pafupifupi 3-4. Zomera zingabzalidwe m'chiwiya chachikulu chimodzi, koma kutalika kwake sikuyenera kupitirira 6 cm.
Kutola kwachiwiri kumachitika pa gawo lokwezedwa kwathunthu kwa masamba anayi achowona masamba (tentatively - kumapeto kwa Marichi). Zomera zimanyamula, kuteteza bwino mtanda. Maluso opitilira kawiri - mpaka mainchesi 10 cm.
Pakudula kulikonse, mbewuzo zimayenera kugwiridwa mosamala, kuti zisasunthidwe chimodzimodzi (ngati mbewuzo zitakulitsidwa, zitha kuyikidwa m'manda zosaposa 2 cm), kusamala kuti zisavulaze mizu kwambiri ndikusunga dothi lakale kwambiri kuzungulira mizu.
Kusamalira mbande za Shabo
Kusamalira ma Shabo cloves pa nthawi yofesa sikophweka: muyenera kutsina mbeu m'nthawi, ndipo chinyezi chokomera chimafuna kusamala kwambiri pakutsatira. Chisamaliro cha mmera chikuphatikiza:
- Kusunga kutentha kwokhazikika kuyambira madigiri 12 mpaka 15.
- Kuwapatsa mbewu zowunikira bwino, ngati kuli kotheka - kuwunikiranso kwa maola angapo patsiku.
- Kuyendetsa zomera patsiku lotentha, lotentha.
- Zolimbikitsa korona kukuza, kulimbitsa nthambi za zomera. Kudula pang'ono kwa nsonga za mphukira kumayamba posachedwa masamba asanu.
- Kutsirira bwino, kuchepa, kusungabe chinyontho m'nthaka. Ndikofunikira kuti chomera chipewe chinyezi chambiri.
- Feteleza ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni kuti mbewu zikhala zotumbululuka kapena sizikula (kupatsa zakudya kumakonda).
Ngati mbewuzo zikuvutika ndi mwendo wakuda, wokhazikika chifukwa cha kuthirira kwambiri, ndiye kuti mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwazo zimachotsedwa mwachangu, ndikumwaza dothi m'malo osavomerezeka ndi mchenga, phulusa ndi malasha osweka.
Mmera kuumitsa
Amayamba kuumitsa zovala za Shabo kalekale nthawi yoti ifike pamalo okhazikika iyandikira. Chomera chiyenera kuyamba kuzolowera kuzizira ikangokhalanso chachiwiri. Njira yodziwika bwino ndi kutsitsa kutentha kwa usiku mpaka madigiri 10 Celsius, kupita ndi zovala m'chipinda chofewa, komanso masiku otentha kuti muwayike mu mpweya wabwino, pa mtunda kapena khonde. Mutha kusunthira mbande ndi isanayambike kutentha komanso popanda usiku ozizira kulowa mu wowonjezera kutentha pansi pa kanema, yemwe amawaulutsa masana ndikatsekedwa usiku, kapena amatengeredwa ku wowonjezera kutentha wamba.
Kuwasamalira kumathandizira osati kungokulitsa kukana kuzizira: ndikofunikira pa thanzi la mbewu zazing'ono komanso kupewa mavuto ambiri omwe amabwera chifukwa chotseguka ndi mpweya wabwino.
Kubzala mbande za cloves Shabo
Zodzikongoletsa, zomwe zimakongoletsa dimba la mphika, zitha kusamutsidwira kumagulu osatha kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi. Patsiku lomwe mbewu zimatengedwa kupita kumunda, usiku - zimayikidwa m'chipindacho mpaka kutentha kwa mpweya kutuluka pamwamba madigiri 7-10 usiku. Chomera chimatha kuikidwa m'malo otentha komanso ndikuwunikira kwabwino.
Zomera zimatha kunyamulidwa mu dothi lotsegula popanda kuyembekezera June ndikupanga kukhazikitsidwa kwa nyengo yofunda yausiku: chifukwa cha kuuma kwakanthawi, ma cloves a Shabo amasamukira kudothi nthawi zambiri mu Meyi. Samawopa kutentha kwakanthawi kochepa mpaka madigiri -3.
Clove Shabo amakonda nthaka yachonde, yopanda mbali kapena yamchere pang'ono komanso malo otseguka dzuwa. Manyowa atsopano sayenera kupezeka munthaka; kompositi amakonda kukoma ngati feteleza wachilengedwe. Dothi lokhalo lomwe silinakhazikike ndi dongo lolemera komanso mchenga wosauka. Kwa ntchentcheyi, ndikofunikira kukonzekeretsa tsambalo kuti mubzale isanakwane. Nthaka imakonzedwa, kusinthidwa, ndi feteleza wa mchere umayikidwa pamenepo. Komanso, ndibwino kuyamba kukonzekera kugwa, titaphatikizidwa feteleza ndi phosphate feteleza m'nthaka (20 makilogalamu ndi 40-45 g pa mraba mita, motero). Ndipo kasupe pamwezi musanabzike, onjezerani feteleza wa nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu (15 g ndi 25 g pa mita imodzi) ku nthaka.
Njira yoyika ndi yofanana. Zomera zimasinthidwa ku maenje obzala payekha, kuonetsetsa kuti mulingo wolowera umakhalabe chimodzimodzi.
Kusamalira ma cloves a Shabo ndikovuta, kupeza maluwa akuluakulu odulira, chomera chikufunika mwatsatanetsatane:
- kuthirira pafupipafupi, kusunga chinyezi cha dothi komanso kubwezeretsa chilala;
- kumasula nthaka pambuyo kuthirira kwambiri ndi kugwa kwamvula;
- kuvala pamwamba. Nthawi yoyamba itayamba kukula kwa mbande zakudula, pafupifupi sabata pambuyo pake, mundawo wobzala - wokhala ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni mu 15 g pa lalikulu mita, ndipo nthawi yachiwiri - pakapangidwa masamba - ndi feteleza wovuta (10-15 g pa lalikulu mita);
- zingwe zophukira zamitundu yayikulu;
- Kuchotsa masamba masamba kuti awonjezere kukula kwa maluwa akamakula chifukwa chodulira;
- kuchotsedwa kwa mphukira zowuma, masamba owuma kapena owonongeka;
- kuyeserera pafupipafupi kuteteza kufalikira kwa matenda.
Pakayamba nyengo yozizira, zovala za Shabo zimatha kusinthidwa kumiphika ndikusungidwa pa terata, khonde kapena m'chipindacho. Ndi chisamaliro chokhazikika, mutha kumupangitsa kuti apitirize maluwa. Koma mbewu zoterezi zifunika kuzizirira (kutentha kumakhala kofanana ndi kwa mbande) ndi kuyatsa kowala kwambiri.
Kufesa mbewu m'malo obisalamo
Mutha kubzala ma cloves osati pofesa mbande mumtsuko, koma m'nthaka ya wowonjezera kutentha, ngati kutentha kwake kukufika madigiri 12 Celsius.Kubzala kumachitidwanso mu Januware kapena, m'malo ovuta kwambiri, mu February, ndipo kenako amakokedwa m'bokosi lofesa koyambirira ndi miphika kapena pankhokwe yachiwiri. Ndi kufesa, mbande zimawonekera kawiri, mpaka masiku 10 kwa zikumera zoyambirira.
Carnation ndi munda.
Njira zina zofalitsira ma clove Shabo
Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofalitsira mbewu, mbewu pang'ono zimapereka mphukira zomwe sizina terry. Chifukwa chake, pamitundu yatsopano ya hybrid, nthawi zambiri imalimbikitsidwa monga njira yodalirika - kudula. Ma cloves a Shabo amathanso kukonzedwa mwakudya, koma chifukwa chaichi, tchire - amayiwo - liyenera kusungidwa m'matumba mpaka masika. Ayenera kuzizira nyengo yozizira (kutentha komweko monga kukula mbande - 12-15 degrees Celsius) ndi kuwunikira kovomerezeka. Mu kasupe, kudula kumakololedwa, ndikusiya mfundo zitatu pa mphukira ndikuzizika mwina mumchenga kapena m'madzi.
Mutha kuyesa kudula zidutswazo ndikugwa, mutatha kuzika mizu, ndikusintha mu gawo lapansi ndipo, mwa kuwalako kowala ndi kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 10-12 Celsius, kumera ma cloves ngati mbande. Kupezeka ndi zodula za cloves Shabo pachimake kale, koma osati zochuluka monga zimapezeka mbande.
