Chomera cha Herbaceous heliconia (Heliconia) imagwirizana mwachindunji ndi banja la a Heliconiaceae. Mwachilengedwe, imapezeka kumadera otentha a South ndi Central America, komanso ku Southeast Asia. Imakonda kumera m'mphepete mwa mapiri, m'nkhalango zotentha, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, komanso m'mphepete mwa mitsinje momwe mumakhala chinyontho chambiri, koma pali ngalande zabwino. Amakhulupirira kuti mitundu ya mbewuyi idatchedwa Mount Helikon, pomwe mameseka okongola (malinga ndi nthano zachi Greek).
Chitsamba cha nthangala ichi ndi chosatha. Kutalika kwake kumatha kufika masentimita 300. Komanso pali pseudostem yosavuta kuimveketsa, yomwe imapangidwa kuchokera kumasamba owaza-oblong (ofanana ndi nthochi), komanso masamba akulu a masamba. Masamba awa, ngati a nthochi, ndi ochepa kwambiri, chifukwa kukula kwawo kumachitika m'mphepete mwa pseudostem, komanso amapatsidwa ulemu wofananawo. Heliconia imasiyana ndi nthochi chifukwa masamba ake amakhala ndi mizere iwiri.
Chomera chomwe chikukula msanga chimayamba kutulutsa chaka cha 2 cha moyo. Mtundu wa inflorescence umamera pachinthu chilichonse chomwe chimatenga masamba ndi tsinde. Panthawi yakukula kwakukulu, tsinde limafupikitsidwa, komabe, mkati mwa maluwa, limayamba kukula mwachangu mkati mwa pseudostem ndikukhala wopachika kapena wokhazikika inflorescence. Maburiketi achikuda owoneka bwino ndi maluwa, amabwera ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo: lalanje, chikasu, ofiira kapena pinki. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi malire pamakaso amtundu wachikasu kapena wobiriwira, omwe amawapangitsa kukhala othandiza, ndipo mawonekedwe a sera pamwamba amawapangitsa kukhala otanuka komanso owala. Maluwa awa ndi ang'ono kukula komanso amapezeka mkati mwa briche. Amaphukira m'mawa ndi kuzimiririka pafupifupi tsiku limodzi. Chomera ichi chili ndi mayina ena kwa anthu: mulomo wa parrot, nthochi zakutchire, chibwano cha nkhanu ndi mbalame zabodza za paradaiso. Ndipo mayinawa amaphatikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe achilendo a inflorescence, komanso mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mbewu zina (strelitzia, nthochi).
Heliconium chisamaliro kunyumba
Kuwala
Chaka chonse, chimafunikira kuyatsa kowala, koma kosakanikirana. Komabe, mbewu yotere imatha kupirira dzuwa mwachindunji, koma kwakanthawi kochepa.
Njira yotentha
Amakonda mwachikondi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti chizikhala chaka chonse kuzizira kwa madigiri 22 mpaka 26, pomwe nthawi yozizira siyenera kuloledwa kutsikira pansi madigiri 18. Heliconia imakumana ndi zovuta kumweya wosayenda komanso kukonzekera. Pankhani imeneyi, mpweya wabwino wokhazikika umafunika, koma uyenera kuchitika mosamala kwambiri.
Chinyezi
Chinyezi chachikulu chimafunika. Chomera ichi, muyenera kusankha malo mu chipinda chokhala ndi chinyezi kwambiri. Imakula bwino ndikukula msanga mu greenhouse kapena greenhouse ofunda. Ngati mpweya ndi wouma, ndiye kuti muyenera kufinya masamba kuchokera ku sprayer pafupipafupi (osachepera 2 pa tsiku). Mutha kutenga chiwaya chachikulu, ndikuthira dongo lokhathamiramo, kuthira madzi pang'ono, ndikuyika mphika pamwamba. Komabe, onetsetsani kuti pansi pazotengera sikubwera ndi madzi.
Momwe mungamwere
Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe muyenera kuthilira madzi ochuluka. Chifukwa chake, njirayi imalimbikitsidwa kuchitika pambuyo pa chosanjikiza chapamwamba cha kupendekeka kwapansi. M'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kuthirira madzi ochepa, koma muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti dothi lomwe lili mumphika siliuma konse.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Muyenera kudyetsa kasupe ndi nthawi yachilimwe 1 mu milungu 4. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wama mineral. M'nyengo yozizira, kudya sikuchitika.
Zinthu Zogulitsa
Kuika kuyenera kuchitika kamodzi pachaka. Dothi losakanikirana limakhala ndi humus, tsamba, turf nthaka, komanso mchenga, womwe umayenera kutengedwa mulingo wa 1: 2: 1: 1. Pazinthu zaulere za ma rhizomes, pakufunika zambiri. Palojekita yamphika watsopano iyenera kukhala mainchesi 5 kuposa mulifupi mwake. Ngati mbewuyo ili ndi kukula kwake, ndiye kuti imabzala mumachubu. Musaiwale kupanga donga labwino pansi.
Njira zolerera
Itha kufalikira ndi njere, kuyika magawo ndi kugawa kwa nthangala.
Mbewu ziyenera kuphukira musanafesere. Kuti muchite izi, amayikidwa m'madzi otentha (pafupifupi 60-70 madigiri) kwa masiku 3-4. Kusamalira kutentha kwa madzi, kuwotchera kumalimbikitsidwa kuchitika mu thermos, pomwe kuyikamo kuyenera kuchitidwa pokhapokha ngati pakufunika (madzi atsopano akhale ndi kutentha kofanana). Tsekani njerezo pakuya masentimita awiri mumchenga ndi peat. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi filimu pamwamba, ndikuchiyika pamalo otentha (osachepera madigiri 25). Makulidwe owoneka bwino komanso kuthilira ndi sipika ndikofunikira. Mbewu zimamera nthawi zosiyanasiyana kwa masabata 16.
Ana obzala amayenera kumwedwa kokha kuchokera ku mizu yolimba. Ana olekanitsidwa amabzalidwa munthaka yothira. Chotetezacho chimatsukidwa pamalo otentha, osasunthika pang'ono okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. Zomera zazing'ono ziyenera kuthiriridwa madzi pang'ono. Ngati chinyezi chotsika, ndiye kuti pamwamba pa chodzalacho chimakutidwa ndi filimu yowoneka bwino ndi mabowo. Komabe, timapepalati sayenera kukumana ndi filimuyi. Pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa zophukira zazing'ono (pambuyo pa masabata 1-3), pogona iyenera kuchotsedwa.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Wokongola kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
Zikopa - mawonekedwe a bulauni pamiyala ndi masamba. Amadyetsa madzi a ma cell. Masamba amasamba otuwa, owuma ndi kufa. Kuti muchotse tizilombo, muyenera kutsuka masamba ndi chinkhupule choviikidwa m'madzi a sokisi. Kenako duwa limathandizidwa ndi yankho la 0.15 peresenti ya Actellik (1 ml ya madzi pa madzi okwanira 1 litre).
Spider mite - kukhalapo kwa intaneti pamapepala. Amakonda chinyezi chochepa kwambiri. Ukonde umapangidwa pamitengo ya ma internodes ndipo masamba amasowa ndikufa. Sambani duwa ndi siponji yothira mchere ndikuwusambitsa. M'pofunika kuti mwakachetechetsedwe masamba ake kuchokera ku sprayer.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
- Udzu umasanduka wachikaso - nthawi yophukira-yozizira: kuyatsa kochepa, kotentha kwambiri (makamaka usiku); chilimwe: kuzolowera kwambiri, mbewuyo imafunika kudyetsedwa.
- Kuuma kapena kufa masamba obiriwira - kuthirira pang'ono kapena kutentha kosayenera (makamaka nyengo yozizira).
- Finyani mawonekedwe pama masamba - Itha kuwoneka chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa mafunde ozizira. Ndipo masamba akale amatha kuwoneka chifukwa chosowa potaziyamu, magnesium kapena phosphorous.
- Malangizo a tsamba limasanduka chikaso - dothi lomwe lili mumphika luma kapena pali calcium wambiri.
- Duwa lonse linasanduka chikaso - dothi lomwe lili mumphika ndi louma kwathunthu kapena madzi amadzimadzimadzi amapezeka mmenemo, chinyezi chochepa kwambiri, dothi limalemera kwambiri kapena limakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono, heliconia ikukonzekera nthawi yopuma.
- Kupotoza ndi kufa masamba - kuthirira osauka.
- Zofooka, zodutsa, zimasalala - Kuwala koyipa.
Ndemanga kanema
Mitundu yayikulu
Heliconia bihai
Chomera chamtundu wotere chimakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu. Kutalika kwa masamba ake ndi masentimita 120, ndipo m'lifupi ndi kuyambira 30 mpaka 45 sentimita. Kutalika kwa inflorescence yayitali kwambiri ndi 60 sentimita, ndipo m'lifupi ndi masentimita 30. Amakhala otulutsa maluwa ambiri ndipo amatuluka kuchokera ku vaginas ofiira. Mabulangeti ofiira ofiira amakhala ndi malangizo achikasu. Mtundu wa maluwa amatha kukhala wobiriwira kapena wachikasu.
Heliconia bicolor (Heliconia bicolor)
Chomera cha herbaceous ichi chitha kutalika masentimita 100. Kutalika kwa pepala losaloledwa kumafikira theka la mita, ndipo m'lifupi ndi masentimita 10. Masamba oterowo amakhala ndi maziko. Mabulogu ndi ofiira. Maluwa oyera amapangidwa mumizere iwiri.
Heliconia zitsulo (Heliconia metallica)
Ichi ndi chomera chachikulu cha herbaceous chomwe chawonetsa masamba owaza, chimafikira masentimita 30 m'litali ndi masentimita 7-10 mulifupi. Kutsogolo kwawo kuli mtundu wachitsulo wobiriwira, ndipo pamwamba pakepo pamakhala mitsempha yoyera yapakati komanso mitsempha yofananira yamitsempha yofanana. Pansi pa masamba ake ndi ofiira. Ma petioles aatali amapaka utoto wofiira. Broker amakhala obiriwira ndipo maluwa ndi ofiira.
Heliconia rostral (Heliconia rostrata)
Kukula kwakukulu kwa herbaceous. Masamba ake akuluakulu ndi ofanana ndi a nthochi. Kutalika kwa inflorescence yotsika mosiyanasiyana kumasiyana kuchokera pa 100 mpaka 150 centimeter, ndipo kumakhala ndi mabulangeti ofiira okwanira 35 kapena kupitirirapo. Imatha kuphuka mosalekeza chaka chonse.
Heliconia parrot (Heliconia psittacorum)
Chomera chachikulu cha herbaceous ichi chili ndi timapepala ta lanceolate-linear form, kutalika kwake kuyambira 40 mpaka 50 sentimita. Kuzungulira, kozungulira inflorescence kumanyamula maluwa okhala ndi malangizo akuda. Mtundu wamabakitini umasiyana kuchokera kufiira kupita pamtundu wakuda wa lalanje.
Heliconia molunjika (Heliconia stricta)
Kutalika kwa chomera chofanana ndi cha herbaceous chimasiyanasiyana masentimita 30 mpaka 150. Kukula kwake mwachindunji kumakhala kofanana ndi mbalame yomwe imatambasulira mapiko ake. Chifukwa chake, mabatani ofiira ofiira amtundu wa oblong amapezeka pa tsinde pafupifupi mbali 90. Chosiyanachi chimapezeka m'mitundu yonse yamtunduwu.
Odziwika kwambiri ndi awa:
- "Chotchinga moto"- woimira wamba wamtunduwu.
- "Golide wa Dorado"- chomera chowoneka bwino. Mtengo wake wamtundu wamagalasi umakhala ndi mabulangegi achikasu okhala ndi mawonekedwe a pinki osawoneka bwino, akuyesera" kutseguka "momwe angathere.
- "Oliveiras Sharonii"- mabataniwo adapangidwa utoto wofiirira, ndipo pamasamba a masamba pali mawonekedwe owoneka a bulauni apakati, ndipo mitsempha yopepuka yolochedwa mbali yamanja.
- "Dwart jamaica", "Loto la Olimpic"- inflorescence yaying'ono imakongoletsedwa chikaso kapena kufiyira.
Mitundu iyi imasinthasintha mwachangu kusintha kwamtundu wa kutentha, ndipo chifukwa chake amadziwika kuti ndiwosasilira kuposa ena onse.
Heliconia india (Heliconia indica)
Masamba obiriwira obiriwira amakhala ndi mtundu wamkuwa. Pali mitundu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi mitsempha yachikasu, yapinki kapena yoyera. Kugwa kwama inflorescence, monga lamulo, kumakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira.
