Aquilegia amatchedwanso chiwombankhanga kapena kugwira. Ndi gawo la osatha herbaceous zomera za banja Ranunculaceae. Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, mtunduwu umagwirizanitsa mitundu 60-120 yazomera zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimamera m'mapiri a Northern Hemisphere. Pafupifupi mitundu 35 ya mbewuyi imalimidwa. Komwe dzina Lachilatini limachokera sichimadziwika kwenikweni. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi mtundu wina, dzinalo limachokera ku mawu monga aqua - "madzi" ndi legere - "kutolera", ndipo malinga ndi lina - kuti mawuwa amachokera ku aquila - "chiwombankhanga". Zomera zoterezi zakhala zikudziwika kale kwa olima maluwa. Kutchulidwa kwa iye kumapezeka mu zopeka. Chifukwa chake, mu "Hamlet" Ophelia amapereka Laertes duwa la Columbus (ndipo izi ndi zomwe aquilegia amatchedwa ku England). Ndipo mu Middle Ages, ngati wojambulayo akuwonetsa duwa la chomera chomwe chapatsidwa chithunzi, ndiye kuti izi zikuwonetsa kupezeka kwa Mzimu Woyera.
Mawonekedwe a Aquilegia
Izi mbewu zimakhala ndi kuzungulira kwazaka ziwiri. Chifukwa chake, mchaka choyamba cha moyo, pomwe zimayambira pang'onopang'ono zimachitika m'munsi mwa tsinde, ndipo kuyambira nthawi yophukira, pomwe mbewuyo imazirala, kupangika kwa rosette yoyambira kumachitika. Pakatikati, masamba a duwa uyu amafota, ndipo watsopano amawonekera m'malo mwake, ndi phata la maluwa limatuluka pakati pake, ndipo maluwa ndi masamba osimba amatuluka. Masamba a Rosette amakhala ndi ma petioles a nthawi yayitali, ndipo amaphatikizidwa kawiri kapena katatu, pomwe masamba olimba amachokera. Kuvula maluwa amodzi amatha kujambulidwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikukhala ndi mitundu yayikulu, zomwe zimatengera mtundu wa mbewu komanso mitundu. Chifukwa chake, mutha kukumana ndi chikasu, rasipiberi, buluu, zoyera, maluwa ofiirira, komanso mitundu iwiri kapena yambiri. Mitundu yambiri, ma spurs amapezeka pamaluwa - awa ndi mitanda ya m'manda kapena petals yomwe imabisalira mkati, imakhala momwemo kuti timene timapezeka. Mitundu yaku America ndi ku Europe ya zoterezi imatchulidwa ngati mtundu wotchedwa Spur, womwe ndi: Alpine, glandular, Olimpiki komanso wamba, komanso mtundu wamtambo, Canada, Skinner, golide ndi California. Mitundu Chijapani ndi Chitchaina alibe spurs. Chipatsochi chimayimiriridwa ndi multifoliate, momwe mumakhala njere zazing'ono zamtundu wakuda, zomwe zili ndi poyizoni. Amakhala otheka kwa miyezi 12.
Kukula kwa aquilegia kuchokera ku mbewu
Kufesa mbewu panthaka ndikulimbikitsidwa mutangokolola. Mu nthawi yamasika, mbande zomwe zawoneka zitha kusinthidwa ku malo okhazikika. Komabe, ngati kufesa kumalinganizidwira masika, ndiye kuti malo okhala ndi kutentha kochepa ayenera kusankhidwa kuti asunge mbewu. Kuti nthawi yozizira peresenti ya kumera kwa mbeu isachepe, amalangizidwa kuti asakanikane ndi dothi ndikuyika pa alumali ya firiji. M'mwezi wa Marichi, njere ziyenera kutsukidwa ndikuchotsedwa m'mabokosi, omwe amayenera kudzazidwa ndi dothi la mchenga, humus ndi masamba (1: 1: 1), liyenera kupunthidwa ndi kuthiriridwa bwino. Mbewu zomwe zimagawidwa pamtunda ziyenera kuwazidwa ndi dothi mamilimita atatu, lomwe liyenera kudutsidwa ndi sume. Kuchokera pamwambapa, botolo liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi burlap kapena pepala la nyuzipepala. Ikani chidebe pamalo osasunthika pomwe kutentha pakati pa madigiri 16-18. Ngati ndi kotheka, nyowetsani gawo lapansi ndikugwiritsira ntchito mfuti yopopera. Mphukira zoyambirira zimatha kuwonekera m'masiku 7-14. Masamba awiri owona atapangidwa pamtengowo, uyenera kunyalidwa m'nthaka yodzaza ndi michere (izi zimachitika m'masiku omaliza a Epulo, woyamba - Meyi).
Tikukula Aquilegia
Nthawi yoti afike
Yotseguka panthaka kuti mbande zikulidwe mu June. Zomera zazing'ono zimafuna kuti zimetezedwe ndi dzuwa. Kuti malo okhazikika pomwe iwo angakulirepo kwa zaka zingapo, mbewuzo zimasungidwa kumapeto kwa chirimwe kapena kasupe wotsatira. Ndikothekanso kumtunda wokhala ndi ma aquilegia onse pamtunda komanso pamalo otentha. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mmera womwe umamera pang'ono, maluwa ake ndi akulu komanso olimba, komanso maluwa ataliatali kuyerekeza ndi zomwe zimamera m'dzuwa. Maluwa atamera maluwa ngati mbewu amatuluka mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo, pomwe mchaka chachitatu chokha cha moyo chidzakhala chokhwima.
Momwe mungabzalire
Duwa silimayikira zapadera panthaka, koma akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti abzalidwe m'malo omwe dothi lopepuka, lotayirira komanso lonyowa. Pofuna kukonza dothi, mukakumba, kompositi kapena humus ziyenera kuwonjezeredwamo (1 ndowa ya feteleza pa 1 cubic mita). Kukumba dothi mpaka masentimita 20. Pa mita lalikulu lalikulu ayenera kupezeka tchire 10 mpaka 12 (kutengera mitundu ndi mitundu). Ngati aquilegia ndi yayitali, ndiye kuti masentimita 40 amasungidwa pakati pa tchire, pomwe ikakhala yopanda phokoso, imakhala pafupifupi masentimita 25. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mbewu ngati iyi imatulutsa bwino-bwino, motero muyenera kukhala okonzekera kudula pafupipafupi. Pali olima maluwa omwe amakonda mawonekedwe amaluwa awa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti patatha zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, zitsamba zamadzi zomwe zidatsitsidwa ndikutha ntchito kale. Pankhaniyi, iyenera kukumbidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, ma aquilegia achichepere, omwe amawonekera chifukwa chodzilimitsa, akhala m'malo mwake.
Momwe mungasamalire aquilegia
Kusamalira mbewuyi ndikophweka. Imafunika kuthirira nthawi yake, kudyetsa, kumasula dothi ndikuchotsa namsongole. Ichi ndi chomera chosakanizidwa, koma sichiopa chilala chofewa, chifukwa mizu yake imalowa mu dothi. Komabe, chilala choopsa chitha kuvulaza mbewu. Udzu wamasamba uyenera kuchotsedwa munthawi yake, makamaka ngati maluwa akadali aang'ono komanso ang'ono. Mvula ikayamba kuthiriridwa, dothi limayenera kumasulidwa, pamenepa chinyontho sichitha kusintha msanga. Aquilegia imafunikanso kuvala koyenera panthawi yake. Manyowa panthaka 2 nthawi yachilimwe. Kumayambiriro kwenikweni kwa nyengo yokulira, mbewuyo imafunikira feteleza wa mchere, chifukwa, magalamu 15 a mchere wa potaziyamu, magalamu 50 a superphosphate, komanso 25 magalamu a nitrate amatengedwa pa mita imodzi imodzi, ndi 1 ndowa imodzi ya mullein yankho, yomwe siyenera kukhala yophatikiza, imatengedwa pamalo omwewo. Kudyetsa kawiri pa chirimwe kuyenera kumera.
Kubala kwa Aquilegia
Mutha kufalitsa ndi mbewu, kudula komanso kugawa chitsamba. Potere, kugawidwa kwa chitsamba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kawirikawiri, monga lamulo, pazofunikira kuti pakhale mawonekedwe kapena mawonekedwe apadera. Ndizo zonse, chifukwa, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mizu ya aquilegia imalowera munthaka, ndipo amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndikutuluka, komanso kugawa. Kuti mugawe tchire, ndikofunikira kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira kapena nthawi yophukira kuti musankhe chomera chomwe chili ndi zaka 3-5. Amazikumba mosamala, osayesa kuvulaza mizu yaying'ono. Mizu yake imatsukidwa bwino, ndiye kuti masamba onse ndi masamba onse amatula mpaka masentimita 5 mpaka 7. Pankhaniyi, mbale ziwiri kapena zitatu zamasamba ziyenera kutsalira. Pambuyo pake, pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni wakuthwa, kudula muzu mu pakati motalika. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti pa Delenka iliyonse payenera kukhala impso ziwiri kapena zitatu zatsopano, komanso mizu ingapo yaying'ono. Thonje amayenera kuthandizidwa ndi makala opera, ndipo zikatha, mankhwalawo amawokedwa m'mabokosi, omwe adzaze ndi zosakanikira zapadziko lapansi zokhala ndi michere. Nthawi zambiri, Delenki amadwala kwa nthawi yayitali.
Ndiosavuta kufalitsa mbewuyi ndi cuttings. Chapakatikati, pomwe masamba sanakule, ndikofunikira kudula tsinde laling'ono ndi chidendene. Malo odulidwawo akuyenera kuwazidwa ndi Kornevin, pomwepo phesiyo iyenera kubzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena dothi lotseguka, koma nthawi yomweyo iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi botolo la pulasitiki lodulidwa kuchokera pamwamba. Podzala, muyenera kusankha malo omwe ali mthunzi wocheperako, pomwe dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira, ndipo ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wamtsinje pazolinga izi. Kuthirira chogwiririra kuyenera kuchitika popanda kuchotsa botolo. Koyamba mutha kubwezeretsa chomera pokhapokha masabata 1.5. Mizu yodulidwa kwa masiku 20-30. Kenako imasinthidwa ku malo okhazikika.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Aquilegia imatha kudwala ndi imvi zowola, ufa wa phokoso ndi dzimbiri. Zina zamaluwa zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zowola imvi kapena dzimbiri, ziyenera kudulidwa ndikuwonongeka. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti palibe kukonzekera bwino kwa imvi zowola. Kuchotsa dzimbiri, ndikotheka kuthira ndi wothandizira wokhala ndi sulufule kapena ndi sopo wothira sodium yamkuwa. Nthawi zambiri, mankhwalawa amakhudzidwa ndi powdery mildew, ndi mawonekedwe oyera a fungus othandiza pa masamba. Wolowa masamba masamba azipiringa, kukhala bulauni ndi kufa. Kuti muchotse bowa, ndikofunikira kuthira chitsamba ndi yankho la sulufule wa colloidal ndi sopo wobiriwira.
Maluwa a kangaude, maula, nsabwe za m'masamba, ndi ma scoops zimatha kuvulaza maluwa. Kuti tichotse nkhupakupa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito yarrow phala, Actellik kapena Karbofos. Chithandizo chothandiza cha nematode sichinapezekebe. Nthawi zambiri, tchire totetedwa timakumbidwa ndikuwonongeka, ndipo m'mene zidakulira, mbewuzo zimabzalidwa zomwe sizimawopa nematodes, anyezi, adyo kapena chimanga.
Aquilegia pambuyo maluwa
Maluwa atakwaniritsidwa, zimayambira zomwe zidasowa mtengo wawo ziyenera kudulidwa patsamba lomasulira. Dulani mbali za maluwa zomwe sizili ndi matenda zimalimbikitsidwa kompositi, ndipo odwala ayenera kuwonongedwa. Kuti mupeze njere, muyenera kusiya maulendo apaulendo pamatchi omwe mukufuna kufalitsa, ndikudikirira kusasitsa kwawo. Kuti mbewu zisamalire, muyenera kuvala thumba lopangidwa ndi gauze pa peduncle. Chomera chikazirala, ndizotheka kugawa chitsamba ndikuchibzala. Mu Seputembala kapena Okutobala, mbewu zofesedwa nyengo yachisanu isanachitike.
Zisanu
M'dzinja, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa ku tchire omwe ali ndi zaka 4-5. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mizu yawo imayamba kutuluka panthaka, ndipo izi ndizowononga masamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono. Pamenepa, pamene peduncle imachotsedwa, dothi pansi pa chitsamba liyenera kuwazidwa ndi humus wothira manyowa a peat, izi ziphimba mizu. Potere, duwa lidzadyetsedwa ndikutetezedwa kuyambira nthawi yozizira komanso yozizira.
Maonedwe akulu ndi zithunzi ndi maudindo
Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu yambiri ya nyama, kapena, pafupifupi 120. Komabe, ndi gawo laling'ono lokha lomwe limalimidwa. Pansipa pazikhala nyama zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa.
Achilegia alpina
Tchire limakhala lotsika kwambiri (pafupifupi masentimita 30), m'malo opezekapo tchire kutalika kwa chitsamba kumatha kufika masentimita 80. Dongosolo lamaluwa ndi pafupifupi masentimita 8, ndipo adalipentedwa mumitundu yosiyanasiyana yamtambo. Ma spurs amafupikitsa. Maluwa amawoneka m'masiku omaliza a June, m'masiku oyamba a Julayi.
Maonekedwe ojambulidwa ndi chifuwa chachikulu (Aquilegia flabellata)
Kapena Akita - chitsamba chimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 60. Rasette yoyambira imakhala ndi ma masamba atatu amitundu itali ndi petioles. Kutalika kwa maluwa ndi pafupifupi masentimita 5-6, ma spurs ndi aatali, owongoka mwamphamvu. Pa peduncle, maluwa 1-5 amapakidwa utoto wamtambo wa lilac-buluu, ndipo m'mphepete pamakhala malire opanda mawonekedwe a utoto woyera. Mitunduyi imakhala yogonjetsedwa ndi nyengo yozizira, yodziyesa yokha ikumakula msanga.
Chikalinda
Kutalika kwa tchire la mitundu iyi ya ku Europe kumasiyana masentimita 40 mpaka 80. Madawo awiriwa ndi pafupifupi masentimita 5, amapaka utoto wamtundu wakuda ndi wamtambo. Nthawi zambiri, mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu imalimidwa, yomwe imatha kupakidwa utoto wamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Maluwa amatha kukhala osavuta komanso owirikiza, popanda spurs kapena ndi spurs. Mtunduwu umalimbana kwambiri ndi chisanu, umatha kupirira mpaka madigiri 35.
Zophatikiza Zam'madzi
Mtunduwu umaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe idapangidwira gawo lalikulu podutsa aquilegia a mitundu yodziwika ndi yaku America. Kutalika kwa tchire kumadalira mitundu ndipo kumatha kufika pa 0.5-1 mita. Maluwa akuluakulu amakhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 9centimita; Maluwa amathanso kukhala osavuta kapena osavuta.
Ma aquilegia agolide (Aquilegia chrysantha)
Koyambira ku North America. Mtunduwu umakhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu, osatonthola, amtundu wagolide wokhala ndi spurs yayitali. Amadziwika ndi chilala komanso kulolera nyengo yachisanu. Kawirikawiri amakula pakati penipeni, koma kutchuka kwake kumakula pang'onopang'ono.
Mafuta Canilegia Canada (Aquilegia canadensis)
Koyambira ku North America. Maluwa amakhala ofiira, ndipo masamba ake amawongoka. Mthunzi ndi hygrophilous chomera.
Chikalakacho chakuda (Chikachikachi atrata)
Kutalika kwa tchire la mitundu iyi ya ku Europe kumasiyana masentimita 30 mpaka 80. Masamba a masamba ndi amtambo, ndipo maluwa otuwa ndi a lilac amdima. Dawo lawo ndi lozungulira kuyambira 3 mpaka 4 centimeter, pali ma spurs ofanana omwe amakhala ngati okondwerera. Maluwa amawonedwa m'masiku otsiriza a Meyi, woyamba - mu June. Chimakula bwino bwino. Mtundu uwu umakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobereka mitundu ndi maluwa amtundu wakuda. Ntchito kudula ndi maluwa.
Aquilegia olympica
Kwambiri Iran, Caucasus ndi Asia Little. Kutalika kwa tchire kumayambira 30 mpaka 60 sentimita. Tsinde limakhala ndi wandiweyani pubescence, m'mimba mwake maluwa ndi pafupifupi masentimita 10, ali ndi utoto wamtambo wokhala ndi ma spurs atali. Maluwa amawonekera kuyambira theka lachiwiri la Meyi mpaka pakati pa Juni.
Skinner Aquilegia (Aquilegia khunguneri)
Kwawo kwa mtundu uwu ndi North America. Ogonjetsedwa ndi chisanu (mpaka madigiri 12). Maluwa ofiira ofiira otuwa amakhala ndi masamba owongoka.
Odziwika kwambiri pakati pa olimawo ndi mitundu monga: ostrochemistic aquilegia, aquilegia, flowed green, aquilegia ofiira, Bertoloni aquilegia, aquilegia a ferrogia, aquilegia wobiriwira, wobiriwira wa ku Siberia, ekalkarat aquilegia ndi ena.
