Nigella (Nigella) - mtundu wazomera pachaka wa herbaceous wa banja Ranunculaceae. Anthuwa amatcha duwa munjira zosiyanasiyana: "chilombo cha fennel", "maluwa a" nutmeg "," msungwana wobiriwira "," coriander waku Italiya "," nthomba zakuda zonyamula ", koma nthawi zambiri" chernushka "ka mbewu zamitundu yakuda. Mayina onsewa samangowonetsa kukongola kwake kwa duwa, komanso zofunikira za mbewu, zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira pakuphika, zonunkhira, ndi mankhwala.
Chernushka, NigellaPafupifupi mitundu 25 ya nigella imadziwika, yogawidwa ku North Africa, Western Asia ndi Europe. Mwa izi, mitundu 10-11 yokha ndi yomwe imapezeka ku Eastern Europe. Ojambula maluwa amakula mitundu iwiri:
- Nigella Spanish (Nigella hispanica) - chomera chomera msanga ndi maluwa onunkhira amdima akuda, kukopa wamaluwa wambiri ndi ma stamens owala ndi ovary yofiira, yomwe pambuyo maluwa yatembenuka kukhala zipatso zazikulu;
- Malawi Nigella (Nigella damascena) - chomera chofika mpaka 35-45 masentimita okhala ndi maluwa oyera achilendo, amtambo ndi amtambo wobiriwira wamizere wozungulira wozunguliridwa ndi masamba okongoletsa a zipatso za korona.
Mbewu za Nigella, Chernushka. © JLPCNtchito ndi zopindulitsa katundu wa nigella
Mankhwala, mbewu ndi masamba a chomera amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Masamba achichepere amakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira, chifukwa zimawonjezedwa ku saladi zatsopano. Mbewu zimakhala ndi fungo la nutmeg ndi kukoma kwa tsabola. Katunduyu amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu zakudya zakumaso.
Ku Turkey, zinthu zophika zimawazidwa ndi mabulosi akuda m'malo mwa poppy omwe timadziwika nawo. Mu zakudya za ku India, mbewu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zokometsera. Amapereka saladi, nsomba, mbale za nyama ndizomveka zapadera. Nigella amakometsa ayisikilimu, tiyi, odzola, ndipo amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kumayamwa. Mbewu zimasungidwa m'malo owuma, amdima mumiyala yotsekedwa bwino kapena muli mumiyala yamagalasi.
Kubzala kwa Chernushka ndi Damask. Chithunzi cha Botanical kuchokera ku buku la "Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen", 1887M'mayiko akum'mawa, chernushka amatchedwa "mbewu wodala" ndipo akutsimikiza kuti ichiritsa matenda aliwonse, kupatula, imfa. Pakadali pano, duwa limadziwika kuti ndi lothandiza kuchokera ku matenda ambiri am'mimba komanso chiwindi.
Kuphatikiza apo, Nigella ndi maluwa otchuka okongoletsa maluwa, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa m'malire, mabedi a maluwa, rabatka, makhwala a Moorish. Maluwa amawoneka opindulitsa kwambiri pakati pa maluwa ochokera pamizu yobiriwira ndi zopangidwa pachaka (poppy, filakisi, maluwa a chimanga). Ojambula maluwa amagwiritsa ntchito chomera kudula ndi kupanga maluwa okoma.
Kufotokozera kwa Nigella
Chernushka ndi chotsika (30-60 cm) chokhala ndi nthambi zowongoka, masamba obiriwira otuwa, ofanana ndi masamba a katsabola omwe amakhala ndi kamtengo kakang'ono, ndipo m'malo mwake mumakhala maluwa akulu, amodzi, osavuta kapena abiriwiri amtundu wabuluu, wabuluu, oyera, ofiira.
Kutulutsa kwamaluwa kwa nigella kumayamba mu Julayi. Duwa lililonse limamasula pafupifupi sabata limodzi, ndipo maluwa akewo amatenga miyezi 1-1.5.
Chernushka, Nigella. © KutchireChipatsochi ndi masamba asanu omwe mbewu zakuda zikufanana ndi nthanga za anyezi. Nigella wopanda maluwa amakongoletsanso. Mtengo wake wobiriwira bwino wokhala ndi mabokosi ambewu owoneka bwino ndiwothandiza kupanga maluwa.
Zinsinsi za kukula Nigella
Nigella amakonda malo otentha ndi owotcha dzuwa. Mthunzi umakula ndipo umaphukira bwino. Simalola kuti kuyandikira kwa mbewu zotchingira pansi. Osasankha pansi. Mota zimayamba kumera panthaka zopepuka. Mulching ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito, imasokoneza chitukuko cha mbewu.
Thirirani ndigella wakuda pang'ono. Sakonda dampness kwambiri, komanso nthawi yayitali yachilala. Muyenera kudyetsa duwa bwino, chifukwa sililekerera feteleza aliyense. Ndikofunika kusankha malo oti mubzale omwe maluwa omwe anali ndi manyowa ndi zinthu zazomera kale anali atamera kale.
Chomera cha Nigella sichimva kuzizira ndipo chimalekerera mosavuta chisanu chochepa kwambiri. Siziwonongeka kawirikawiri ndi tizirombo ndipo mwina sizimadwala.
Chernushka, NigellaNigella ndi mbewu yabwino kwambiri yolima dimba, chisamaliro chake chomwe chimangokhala kuthilira mwadongosolo komanso kuchotsa kwa udzu.
Nigella kuswana
Nigella amakulitsidwa kokha ndi njere, zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa panthawi yakupanga 2/3 maboll. Nthambi zimadulidwa, zimamangiriridwa m'mingolo yaying'ono ndikuziyikira m'chipinda chouma komanso chopatsirana bwino mpaka timapepala titatsegulidwa kwathunthu. Kumera kwa nthangala imasungidwa kwa zaka zitatu. Mbewu zingafesedwe kumayambiriro kwa kasupe m'munda wamdimba kapena m'mabokosi.
Mukabzala pabedi, mbewu za nigella zimabzalidwa kuya kosazama (3-4 cm), kuthiriridwa mokwanira ndikufundidwa ndi agrofibre isanaphuke.
Chernushka, Nigella. © Rob HilleMbeu za Nigella zimabzalidwa mbande m'mwezi wa Marichi, zibzalidwe mpaka masentimita 2,5 mpaka 300. Mbewu zoyambilira zimaswa pakatha milungu ingapo. Mbande zikukula msanga ndipo pofika mu Meyi zitha kubzalidwe kale m'munda wamtunda ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Zomera zazing'ono zimaphuka m'masiku 40.
