Hyacinthus (Hyacinthus) - chomera chokongola chochulukirapo kuchokera kubanja la Asparagaceae, chotumphukira. Kuchokera pachilankhulo chachi Greek dzina lachi Greek limamasulira kuti "maluwa amvula", popeza hyacinth ndimamasuwa woyamba mvula yamvula. Koma achi Greek adachitchulanso "maluwa achisoni" ndikugwirizanitsa duwa ili ndi Apollo ndi kuphedwa kwa mwana wamwamuna wa King Sparta. Kwawo kwa chomera chokongola ichi amadziwika kuti ndi Mediterranean ndi Southeast Asia.
Pesi lomwe limayambira la hyacinth limatha kukhala lodabwitsa kapena lokwera kwambiri. Kuchokera pamasamba omwe mumatuluka masamba pamakhala zipatso zokongoletsera zamaluwa ambiri omwe amafanana ndi mabelu ndipo amatengedwa mu kanjira. Maluwa amayimiriridwa ndi mithunzi yosayembekezeka kwambiri. Masamba ndi osalala, amtundu, wobiriwira wowala.
Mitundu yotchuka ya hyacinth
Ma hyacinth onse omwe atha kugawidwa akhoza kugawidwa kukhala mitundu itatu yayikulu, yomwe imamera makamaka ku mayiko a Mediterranean. Ngakhale ma botanist akupitilizabe kutsutsana za mitundu ina, pofuna kuziwonetsa kuti ndi odziimira pawokha, koma malinga ndi zofunikira za boma, mitundu yayikulu yokha ya hyacinth ndi yomwe imadziwika:
Chiwunda chakum'mawa (Hyacinthus orientalis) - mtundu wotchuka komanso wamba. Ndikutengera mtundu uwu komwe mitundu yotchuka yokongoletsera imachokera. Kuthengo, imamera ku Dalmatia, Greece ndi Asia Minor.. Phula la mbewuyo ndi laling'ono, maluwa sapezeka kwenikweni. Maluwa ali ndi utoto wosiyana ndi fungo labwino.
Hyacinth Litvinova - Mbewu yachikale yomwe imalimidwa ngati pachaka. Kuthengo, imapezeka kumadera akum'mawa kwa Iran ndi Turkmenistan. Mwa mitundu iyi, mitundu yayitali komanso yosasinthika imapezeka. Maluwa ndi okongola modabwitsa. Mitundu ya buluu, yofiirira komanso yobiriwira imalamulira. Masamba ndi ofanana pang'ono ndi a hyacinth yakummawa.
Trans-Caspian Hyacinth - ili ndi zimayambira zazitali, monga lamulo, ma peduncle awiri. Mitundu ya maluwa nthawi zonse imakhala yotuwa. Kuthengo, imapezeka kumapiri a Kopetdag.
Chisamaliro chanyumba kunyumba
Hyacinth makamaka mmunda wamaluwa. Kufuna kukulitsa panyumba, ndikofunikira kubwerezanso chilengedwe momwe mungathere. Ntchitoyi siyophweka, koma chifukwa chokhala ndi changu komanso chikhumbo, wolima ma novice amathanso kupirira.
Malo ndi Kuwala
Njira yabwino ndiyo mawindo akumwera ndi kumwera chakum'mawa. Ndipo chifukwa chake ndimakonda kwambiri kuwala kwa dzuwa. Hyacinth imafunikira masana - osachepera maola 15 patsiku. Chifukwa chake, ngati mungachiyike kumbali yakumadzulo kapena kumpoto, muyenera kuthandiza mbewuyo kudzera pazounikira kwamagetsi.
Ngakhale mbewuyo ikakonda kuwala, kuwala kwa dzuwa mwachindunji kumatha kuvulaza, choncho ndibwino kuti muzitha kuwunika mawindo m'masiku otentha chilimwe kapena kuchotsa chomera pawindo masanawa. Nthawi ndi nthawi, muyenera kutembenuza mphikawo ndi chomeracho mbali zosiyanasiyana.
Kutentha
Kusintha kwakuthwa kutentha ndi kuzizira, kusanja, mabatire otentha - zonsezi zimakhudza duwa. Chofunika kwambiri pakukula bwino kwa hyacinth ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 20 mpaka 22. Koma, poganiza kuti duwa limakhazikika ngati dimba, ndiye kuti kukhala mumsewu kapena khonde munyengo yotentha kumangamupindulira.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Chomera chimafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse, koma mofatsa. Kutsirira kuyenera kuchitika mosamala kwambiri. Ngati madzi ali pachimake chilichonse, ndiye kuti gawo ili lingayambike ndipo zotsatira zake, hyacinth imafa. Njira yabwino ndiy kuthirira kumiza, ndipo ndibwino kukana kuthirira ndowe. Madzi ayenera kukhala ofunda, ofewa komanso okonzeka.
Hyacinth sifunikira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Ndipo pamene limamasula - nthawi zambiri imatsutsana!
Dothi
Mulingo woyenera wa dothi la hyacinth udzakhala gawo la dothi lamtundu, humus, peat, malo otetemera ndi mchenga. Zonsezi ziyenera kusakanikirana magawo ofanana.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Hyacinth nthawi zonse amafunikira kuvala kwapamwamba. Monga feteleza, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chilengedwe chilichonse chomera chamkati. Kwa ma hyacinths m'mundamo, feteleza angagwiritsidwe ntchito pouma komanso m'njira yosungunuka. Koma musanagwiritse ntchito feteleza amadzimadzi, mbewuyo imayenera kuthiriridwa madzi.
Kusankhidwa Kwambiri ndi Kutalika kwa Hyacinth
Pofuna kukhala ndi maluwa okongola mtsogolo, mababu a hyacinth ayenera kugulidwa kokha m'masitolo odziwika apadera. Pogula mababu, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala ndikuwonetsetsa kuti siowonongeka komanso osadwala. Chomera chathanzi chimakula pokhapokha ngati chopukutira komanso chopepuka, chokhala ndi khosi komanso mapewa. Mwambiri, mtundu wa masikelo ndi bulb umagwirizana ndi inflorescence yamtsogolo. Kukula kwa babu sikuti kumawonetsera mtundu uliwonse, komabe, ngati mulifupi mwake uli mkati mwa 5 cm, ichi ndichizindikiro chabwino. Nthawi yabwino kugula mababu ndiko kutha kwa chilimwe.
Ngati mukufuna kugula chomera chachikulire, muyenera kupenda masamba ndi tsinde la hyacinth mosamala. Tsinde liyenera kuwongoka, masamba ayeneranso kuyang'ana pamwamba, ndipo peduncle sayenera kupendekeka.
Momwe mungapangire maluwa pa nthawi yoyenera
Kuti muthe kutsata duwa la maluwa kuchokera ku babu, muyenera kupatsa mbewuzo kuzizira kwa nthawi yophukira iyi. Nthawi imeneyi, kutentha kwa boma kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa kutentha kwa madigiri 5-9. Izi zitha kuchitika mwa kutumiza mbewuyo kuchipinda chapansi kapena pashefu yapansi mufiriji. Ndipo kuti muwonjezere zotulukazo, babu mu pansi atakulungidwa mu thumba la opaque. Inde, chisamaliro nthawi imeneyi chimachepetsedwa. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mikhalidwe yotere ndi yoyenera kwambiri pakukula kwa hyacinth. Izi zimatha, monga lamulo, kwa miyezi iwiri.
Tumphuka (pafupifupi masentimita 5), chomera chimafunikira "kasupe", ndiye kuti, kutentha kwa boma kuyenera kusinthidwa kukhala madigiri 13-15. Pamatenthedwe awa, ayenera kusungidwa mpaka masamba oyamba awonekere. Ndipo mawonekedwe awo, hyacinth imasowa kutentha kwa madigiri 20 mpaka 22. Kusintha kwa kutentha kuyenera kukhala kosalala, apo ayi maluwa atha kufa kapena kuwoneka owawa.
Chisamaliro cha Hyacinth mutatha maluwa
Pambuyo maluwa, mkati mwa matalala, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha hyacinth ndi boma lolondola lotentha. Kutsirira kuyenera kukhala kokulirapo. Mpweya ukangomera ndipo masamba akewo utafota, ndi nthawi yoti atole babuwo. Mbale ndi masamba azidulidwa, ndikukumba babu. Izi zimachitika mu June.
Bulb iyenera kupendedwa mosamala ngati pali kufunika (kapena pofuna kupewa) mankhwala opha tizilombo. Ndipo, pakusintha kutentha kwa madigiri 30 mpaka 17, sungani mpaka masamba atagwa.
Kubzala Hyacinth mumphika
Mukabzala hyacinth, amaloledwa kuyika mpaka mababu atatu mumphika umodzi (kukula kwake kumawerengedwa). Mababu sangathe kulumikizana ndi makoma a mphikawo ndipo wina ndi mnzake - payenera kukhala masentimita awiri pakati pawo. Miphika iyenera kukhala yokulirapo. Drainage imathiriridwa pansi pamphika - imatha kukhala mchenga, womwe umakhala mumphika wa 2 cm. Pamwamba pa babu amayenera kukwezedwa pamwamba pa dothi. Mutabzala, gawo lapansi liyenera kukanikizidwa, kuthiridwa ndi kuwaza ndi mchenga. Kenako mphikawo uyenera kuyikidwa mu thumba, womangidwa, koma m'mbuyomo adapanga mabowo angapo ndikuchichotsa pamalo abwino ozizira.
Ena amalima matope opanda madzi m'madzi. Iyi ndi njira yeniyeni, koma chinthu choyambirira ndichofunikira kuti feteleza azisungunuka m'madzi. Babu ya hyacinth iyenera kukhala pamwamba pa beseni, ikungokhudza madzi pang'ono. Kanthawi kochepa, ayenera kukhala m'chipinda chodetsa, chofunda. Ndipo pakubwera kwa mizu, mtengowo uyenera kusamukira kuchipinda chowala.
Kufalitsa kwa Hyacinth kunyumba
Pali njira zingapo zofalitsira ma hyacinths. Kunyumba, zoyenera: mababu, ana ndi masikelo. Mwanjira yachilengedwe, kuchokera ku babu imodzi, mutha kupeza ana ochulukirapo asanu pakulima. Kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyambira babu. Njirayi imafunikira kusintha kwa kutentha ndi kulandira chithandizo pafupipafupi ndi fungicide. Koma ngati zonse zachitika molondola, ndiye kuti pambuyo pa miyezi itatu ana aang'ono anyezi amatsimikiziridwa kuti aziwonekera.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta hyacinths: nsabwe za m'masamba, zopondera, nthata za kangaude, tsinde ndi matumbo a ndulu, maluwa ntchentche. Amatha kuwononga mbewu - masamba amatembenukira chikaso, kuzimiririka, masamba amagwa, mababu amayamba kuvunda ndi kuvunda. Munthawi zonsezi, njira zake zowongolera, koma zambiri zimagwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Kuphatikiza pa tizirombo, adani a hyacinths ndi matenda osiyanasiyana omwe amatha kukhala osachiritsika, opatsirana, ma virus, mabakiteriya komanso fungal mwachilengedwe. Zowopsa komanso zowopsa ndizachikaso zowononga bakiteriya komanso zowola za bakiteriya. Chomera chodwala, masamba amasanduka akuda ndi owuma kuchokera pamwamba. Mitsinje yamadzi ndi ya bulauni imawonekera m'mitsempha yamasamba komanso paduncle. Choyamba, mawanga achikaso amawoneka pamababu, kenako bulb lonse ndikuyamba kupukusa fungo. Zomera zotere sizingathe kupulumutsidwa. Chomera ndi babu ziyenera kutenthedwa, ndipo dzenje limachiritsidwa ndi formalin kapena bulitchi.
Mavuto Okula a Hyacinths
Ngati hyacinth sanayang'aniridwe bwino, ndiye kuti zovuta zotsatirazi zingachitike:
- Hyacinth imasiya kuphuka. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika chifukwa chophwanya malamulo a kutentha. Chomera sichikonda kutentha kwambiri.
- Masamba a mbewu amatembenukira chikasu. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika motsutsana ndi chiyambi cha kuthirira kosayenera kapena chifukwa chosungidwa.
- Masamba amatha. Izi ndichifukwa chosowa kuwala kwachilengedwe.
- Masamba akuwa. Izi ndichifukwa chakuthirira kosayenera. Iyenera kuchitika mosamala kuti madzi asagwere pamayendedwe.
- Maluwa amavunda. Izi zimachitika pomwe mbewuyo ili "chikondi" (madzi okwanira).
Hyacinth ndi chomera chosasangalatsa. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera kunyumba, sipadzakhala chifukwa china chodera nkhawa. Itha kudalilidwa bwino ndi onse omwe akudziwa bwino komanso ochepa omwe amachita.
