Aristolochia kapena Kirkazon ndi mtundu wazomera wa banja la Kirkazonov. Mulinso mitundu pafupifupi 500, yomwe yambiri imamera m'malo otentha, komanso gawo laling'ono kwambiri m'malo otentha.
Zambiri
Mitundu ya Kirkazon ndi obowola osatha okhala ndi udzu kapena mphukira yamitengo. Masamba ake ndi osavuta, amayikidwa pa petioles, enanso, nthawi zambiri amakhala mawonekedwe amtima.
Maluwa ndi zygomorphic - ndiye kuti, osasinthika mawonekedwe, amakhala ndi tuber perianth, wotupa pang'ono pansipa. Wophatikizidwa ndi tizilombo, mumikhalidwe yathu ntchentche zimakonda kuchita izi. Ponena za kuuma kwa nyengo yachisanu, imasiyanasiyana m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake ndi bwino kumveketsa bwino nkhaniyi ndi ogulitsa mukamagula.
Ndikofunikanso kulabadira kuti aristolochia ndi chomera chakupha ndipo simuyenera kudya zipatso zake kapena masamba.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Nthawi zambiri, m'nyumba (kapena nthawi yachilimwe mumphika m'munda, komanso nthawi yozizira) imakulidwa Aristolochia wachisomo. Mitunduyi idabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku South America. Itha kumera kwambiri, imakhala ndi masamba okongola abwino owoneka ndi mtima. Amakhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu, kutalika kwake komwe nthawi zina amafika masentimita 12. Maluwa amayambira pakati pa chilimwe ndipo amatha kupitilira mwezi ndi theka.
M'malo otentha mutha kumera Aristolochius adamva kapena fukufukuosalolera kuzizira. Liana lokongola chonchi kutchire limakula mpaka 10 m, pomwe kutalika kwake kulimidwa kumafikira mamita angapo. Zoyambira zake zazing'ono zimakhala pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, ndipo ndi ukalamba zimachedwa pang'ono. Ili ndi masamba akulu ozunguliridwa amaika pazitali zazitali. Maluwa ndi ochepa - mpaka 5 cm.
Kukula kwamiyendo yayikulu kapena chubu mbewu yodziwika bwino yamtunduwu, yomwe idapangidwa kuti ilime m'mundamo. Uwu ndi mpesa waukulu wokula msanga. Zoyambira zake zimakhala zosinthika, masamba ndi owoneka ndi mtima, peti, lalikulu kwambiri - mpaka 30 cm. Maluwa amatha kuponderezedwa ndi ntchentche, ndizochepa, koma zowoneka bwino.
Aristolochia wa Manchu komanso mtundu wolimidwa wokhala ndi mphukira zazitali ndi masamba akulu owoneka ndi mtima. Masamba amtunduwu amakhala ndi fungo labwino la camphor. Maluwa ndi akulu kwambiri, koma maluwa samachitika chaka chilichonse. Amakula msanga kwambiri ndipo amatha kukhala bwino mpaka 2-3 m pachaka. Imatha kuundana nthawi yachisanu, koma, imabwezeretseka ndi kuyambika kwa kasupe.
Aristolochia vulgaris kapena clematis liana ili limakula mpaka masentimita 150. Lili ndi masamba owoneka a mtima. Maluwa ndi ofanana ndi maluwa a m'madzi, omwe amaikidwa m'masamba amiyala. Maluwa amatenga pafupifupi mwezi umodzi ndipo amayamba mozungulira June. Mtunduwu, mosiyana ndi achibale, nthawi zambiri umaletsa kuuma.
Aristolochia clematis osati mitundu yayitali kwambiri, yomwe ikukula mpaka 1 m wamtali. Mphukira ndizosavuta, zowongoka, zopanga mawonekedwe a mtima, zokhala pa petioles, pansi pa tsamba ndi imvi, imakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa. Maluwa ndi achikasu, axillary, ang'ono. Maluwa amakhala nthawi yayitali yonse.
Giant Aristolochia Mitundu yokhala ndi masamba akulu komanso yokulirapo - mpaka 30 cm kutalika - maluwa. Maluwa amakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa la cadaveric lomwe limakopa ntchentche ndikupanga zovuta ngati zakula.
Kubzala kwa Aristolochia ndikusamalira poyera
Kirkazon imasinthasintha mosavuta pamagawo osiyanasiyana akamakula, komabe ali ndi malingaliro ofuna kuchoka.
Zowunikira siziyenera kukhala zowala kwambiri, zitsamba izi nthawi zambiri zimakhazikika mumwala wopepuka, komabe zimakonda kukhala pazowunikira, ndipo Aristolochia greatifolia amakula bwino ngakhale mthunzi. Koma aristolochia wokoma amafunika kuyatsa kowoneka bwino, ndipo ngakhale pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kamakana kutulutsa. Kutengera izi, ndibwino kuyika maluwa, m'nyumba ndi m'munda, m'malo abwino bwino, kuwateteza ku dzuwa.
Malowa akuyenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo. Ndipo sikuti kircason idawopa kuzizira, masamba ake ndi mphukira zokha zimawonongeka mosavuta ndi zojambula ndi kung'ambika.
Ndizosafunika kuti kutentha komwe kumakula chilimwe kugwa pansi pa 20 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, akamakula mchipinda, thermometer iyenera kusungidwa pa 12-15 ° C.
Muyeneranso kusamalira othandizira kuti mipesa izipindika kumene mukufunako.
Kobeya ndi mpesa wokongola, wopeza weniweni kwa wopanga, amene amakula mosavuta akabzala komanso kusamalira malo achitetezo, komabe amafunikira malamulo angapo kuti atsatire. Mutha kupeza malingaliro onse ofunikira kuti mukule ndi kusamalira nkhaniyi.
Kuthirira Aristolochia
Kapangidwe ka gawo lapansi sikofunikira kwenikweni, koma kuyenera kukhala kopatsa thanzi, kotakasuka komanso kanyumba, komanso kamakhala ndi kapangidwe kokulirapo. Mipesa iyi imakonda chinyezi ndipo imakula bwino m'malo otsika komanso pafupi ndi matupi amadzi.
Mbewuyi sigwiritsidwa ntchito bwino chifukwa cha chilala ndipo ifunika kuthirira ngati sichikula pafupi ndi chitsime. Kuthirira, munthu mmodzi ntchito 10 malita a madzi. Zomera zapakhomo nthawi zambiri zimathiriridwa kotero kuti dothi limanyowa pang'ono. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa ngati kutentha kwa zinthu kumachepa.
Mukathilira, dothi limasulidwa ndipo namsongole amachotsedwa, koma onani kuti mizu ya aristolochia ili pafupi ndi nthaka, chifukwa chake pakulima ndizosatheka kulowa mu dothi lopitilira 5-7 cm.
Kumayambiriro ndi pakati pa nyengo yakukula, feteleza wophatikiza wa mchere ayenera kuyikiridwa pazomwe zikuwonetsedwa mu malangizo.
Kudulira aristolochia
Ndikofunika kuchotsa kufupika kwa inflorescence kuti nthawi yayitali izitse maluwa.
Kudulira kumachitika mbewu zikayamba kutalika kwambiri. Komanso, zitsamba zobiriwira zosazidulira zimadulira mitengoyo isanazizire, kenako mbewuzo nkuzisunga ndi masamba owuma.
Kulima mbewu kwa Aristolochia
Aristolochia kunyumba ndizosavuta kufalitsa ndi njira kapena njira za mbewu, koma zodulira zabwino zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati yokongola, popeza siifalitsa bwino ndi njere. Kwa mitundu yotsala, njira ziwiri zoyambirira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa ndizosavuta ndikupereka zotsatira zabwino.
Zomera zanyumba zimaleka kukhala zokwanira kukula, chifukwa chake zimafunikira kufesedwa kwa miyezi ingapo mutalandira mbewu. Kubzala kumachitika nthawi yozizira nthaka isanachitike, kuti mbewu zimayambira pazachilengedwe.
Ngati mumafesa mbewu mu nthawi ya masika, ndiye kuti muyenera kudzipatula kuti muwayike m'bokosi losunga firiji kwa mwezi umodzi. Zomera zazing'ono zimabzala kumapeto kwa Meyi - June, ndipo zikakula, zimabzalidwe kwakutali pafupifupi 30 cm. Kukula kwa mbewu zomwe zimapezeka pambewu kumachedwa, ndipo izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa posankha njira yofalitsira.
M'malo monsemo, njere zimabzalidwa mumiphika yaying'ono mu nthaka yonyowa humus ndikuphimbidwa ndi galasi. Kutentha kumera pafupifupi 25 ° C, mumafunikanso kuthiriridwa mopepuka ndi kuthirira kwa mfuti, kuti dothi lonyowa pang'ono, musayiwale kuyambitsanso mbewuyo. Zikamera, galasi limachotsedwa.
Kufalikira kwa aristolochia ndi odulidwa
Zidutswa za kircasone zokongola zimadulidwa mchaka kuchokera kumiphukira ndikuzinyamula mu dothi lonyowa, kenako ndikufundidwa ndi botolo la pulasitiki lokhala pamwamba. Kwa mitundu iyi, kuzika kwamizu kumakhala kwachangu ndipo zipatsozo zikadutsa, phesi litha kuikidwa m'mundamo.
Ambiri aristolochia amapereka mizu yambiri yambiri, yomwe ikhoza kupatulidwa ndikubzala kwina ngati chomera chodziimira pawokha.
Kubwezeretsa aristolochia ndi masanjidwe
Njira ina yomwe siyodalira kupezeka kwa njira ndikuyala. Ndondomeko imachitidwa molingana ndi malamulo achizolowezi: mphukira yamasika imakumbidwa ndikuikika pamalo ano.
Pofika nthawi yophukira, magawo amasandulika kukhala chomera chodziyimira pawokha, omwe kasupe wotsatira (ngati mbewuyo mwakula pamsewu) ikhoza kudzipatula kwa kholo.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Aristolochia ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira ku matenda ndi tizirombo. Ndi okhawo omwe angamukwiyitse nsabwe za m'masamba ndi akangaudekoma tizirombo tating'ono sitimapezeka.
Izi zikachitika, ndiye kuti mutha kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi madzi a zipatso (kuchokera ku nsabwe za m'masamba) kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi fodya, adyo kapena ma anyezi (ochokera ku tizirombo tonse awiri). Ngati ndalama zotere sizikuthandizira, ndiye kuti amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
