Matenda kapena tizirombo sikuti nthawi zonse timayambitsa mlandu chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mbewu za phwetekere. Nthawi zina, masamba owuma, mtundu wa mbeuyo komanso kukula pang'ono pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha mbeu zosakwanira m'nthaka. Kuperewera kwawo kuyenera kubwezeretsedwa mwachangu ndipo kukula kwa phwetekere kukupitilizabe moyenera. Ndikofunikira kuti mumvetsetse zomwe mbewuyo ilibe. Kuperewera kwa zakudya kumatsimikizika ndi maonekedwe a tchire la phwetekere.
Kusowa kwa zakudya mu tomato
Potaziyamu Potowa (K)
Ndikusowa kwa potaziyamu, masamba atsopano pamitengo yamasamba amayamba kupindika, ndipo okalambawo amakhala ndi vuto laling'ono ndipo amawuma pang'onopang'ono, ndikupanga kumapeto kwa masamba kukhala ngati gawo lowuma. Kuwaza thumba m'mphepete mwa masamba obiriwira ndi chizindikiro cha kusowa kwa potaziyamu.
Ndikofunikira kupulumutsa mbewu za phwetekere ndikuthilira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi potaziyamu. Chomera chilichonse chimayenera kulandira theka la lita imodzi ya potashi. Njira yothirira idakonzedwa kuchokera ku malita 5 a madzi ndi supuni 1 ya potaziyamu, komanso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa - kuchokera ku malita awiri a madzi ndi supuni 1 ya potaziyamu wa potaziyamu.
Kusowa kwa nayitrogeni (N)
Masamba pa tchire la phwetekere amayamba kuwuma m'mphepete, kenako ndikupanga utoto wachikasu ndikugwa. Tchire limatambasulidwa, zipatsozo zimawoneka ngati zaulesi komanso zotuwa, masamba amachepetsa kukula, ndipo tsinde limakhala losakhazikika komanso lofewa.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupanga mavalidwe apamwamba okhala ndi nayitrogeni. Tchire lirilonse la tomato limayenera kuthiridwa ndi yankho: 5 malita a madzi ndi supuni 1 ya urea.
Kuperewera kwa Zinc (Zn)
Kuperewera kwa zinthuzi kumatha kutsimikizika ndi mawanga a bulauni pamasamba azomera, masamba amatuluka m'mwamba, ndi masamba achikasu ang'onoang'ono kumatamba ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono. Pakupita nthawi pang'ono, masamba ake amayamba kuwuma kenako ndikugwa. Kukula kwamasamba kukuchepa.
Ndikofunikira kupanga feteleza ndi zinc. Zofunika: 5 malita a madzi ndi magalamu 2-3 a zinc sulfate.
Kuperewera kwa Molybdenum (Mo)
Mtundu wa masamba obiriwira pang'ono pang'ono umayamba kuwala ndikusintha chikasu. M'mphepete mwa masamba amayamba kupindika, madontho achikasu owoneka pakati pamitsempha amawonekera pamwamba pawo.
Zikhala zofunikira kudyetsa zikhalidwe ndi yankho lokonzedwa kuchokera ku malita 5 a madzi ndi gramu imodzi ya ammonium molybdate (0,02% yankho).
Phosphorous (P)
Choyamba, zigawo zonse za tchire zimakhala ndi ubweya wonyezimira wakuda ndi mtundu wabuluu, kenako pambuyo pake zimatha kupakidwa utoto. Nthawi yomweyo, "machitidwe" a masamba amasintha: amatha kupindika mkati kapena kukwera mwamphamvu m'mwamba, kumamatira mwamphamvu ku phesi.
Phula wa feteleza wokhala ndi phosphorous umathiridwa pakathirira mamililita 500 pachomera chilichonse. Amakonzekera ndi malita awiri amadzi otentha ndi magalasi awiri a superphosphate ndikusiya kuti agwirizire usiku. Musanagwiritse ntchito, muyenera kuwonjezera 5 malita a madzi pamililita 500 yankho lililonse.
Boron akusowa (B)
Gawo la tsamba la tchire limapeza kuwala kwamtundu wobiriwira. Masamba omwe amapezeka kumtunda kwa mbewuzo amayamba kupindika kuloza panthaka, kenako nkupuma. Thumba losunga mazira zipatso, maluwa amatuluka. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha masitepe chikuwoneka.
Zoyipa zamtunduwu ndizomwe zimapangitsa kusowa kwa ovary. Monga njira yodzitetezera, ndikofunikira kupopera mbewu zamasamba nthawi ya maluwa. Zofunika: 5 malita a madzi ndi 2-3 magalamu a boric acid.
Kuperewera kwa sulfure (S)
Zizindikiro zakusowa kwa chinthu ichi ndizofanana kwambiri ndi zizindikiro za kusowa kwa nayitrogeni. Pangokhala ndi kuchepa kwa nayitrogeni tchire la phwetekere, masamba akale amakhudzidwa koyamba, koma achichepere pano. Mtundu wobiriwira wamasamba amazimiririka, kenako umasandulika ma toni achikasu. Tsinde limakhala lophwanyika kwambiri komanso losalimba, chifukwa limatha mphamvu ndikucheperachepera.
Ndikofunikira kupanga feteleza wophatikiza malita 5 a madzi ndi magalamu 5 a magnesium sulfate.
Kuperewera kwa calcium
Masamba a phwetekere akuluakulu amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wakuda, ndipo mwa achichepere, malangizo owuma ndi mawanga ang'ono achikasu amawonekera. Pamwamba pazipatso pamayamba pang'onopang'ono kuvunda ndi kufota.
Zikatero, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika ndi yankho lomwe lakonzedwa kuchokera ku malita 5 a madzi ndi magalamu 10 a calcium nitrate.
Chitsulo Chazitsulo (Fe)
Kukula kwa chikhalidwe kukuchepa. Masamba pang'onopang'ono kuchokera kumunsi mpaka kumapeto amataya mtundu wawo wobiriwira, choyamba amasintha chikaso, kenako kutulutsa.
Ndikofunikira kudyetsa tchire la phwetekere ndi feteleza wokonzedwa kuchokera ku magalamu atatu amkuwa a sulfate ndi 5 malita a madzi.
Kuperewera kwa Copper (Cu)
Mawonekedwe ake amasintha kwathunthu. Zimayambira zimakhala zowopsa komanso zopanda moyo, masamba onse amapindika kukhala tubules. Maluwa amatha ndi masamba oponya popanda kupanga ovary.
Pothira mankhwalawa gwiritsani feteleza wokonzekera 10 malita a madzi ndi magalamu awiri a sulfure wamkuwa.
Manganese Defence (Mn)
Pamakhala masamba achikasu pang'onopang'ono, omwe amayamba kuchokera pansi. Pamaso pakepo pamafanana maluwa achikasu ndi obiriwira.
Zomera zamera zimatha kukhala feteleza. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumakonzedwa kuchokera ku malita 10 amadzi ndi magalamu 5 a manganese.
Matenda a Magnesium (Mg)
Zomera pamtondo wa phwetekere zimatembenuza chikasu pakati pamitsempha ya masamba ndi curls.
Monga chofunikira, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikofunikira. Zofunika: 5 malita a madzi ndi supuni 1/2 ya magnesium nitrate.
Chlorine akusowa (Cl)
Masamba achichepere samatha kukhazikika, osakhala ndi mawonekedwe osasinthika ndi mtundu wachikasu. Kuuma kumachitika pamsuzi wa mbewu za phwetekere.
Vutoli litha kuthetsedwa mosavuta ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito malita 10 a madzi ndi supuni 5 za potaziyamu wa potaziyamu.
Kwa iwo omwe amasankha kulima organic, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa a nkhuku kapena kulowetsedwa kwazitsamba (nitrogen), phulusa (potaziyamu ndi phosphorous), ndi mazira (calcium) ngati feteleza wopanda michere.
