Palibe amene angadabwe ndi wamaluwa amakono, popeza amapatsidwa mbewu zambiri zokongoletsera. Pakati pazosankha zambiri, pali imodzi yomwe ingadabwe ndi fungo lake labwino komanso mawonekedwe ake. Olemba ndakatulo ndi olemba adatchula za tuberose pazantchito zawo zaka mazana angapo zapitazo. Maluwa awa anali otchuka kwambiri komanso okondedwa m'zaka za zana la 19.
Kenako mafashoni kwa iwo adatha, koma tsopano wabwerera. Momwe mungabzala ndikukula tuberoses, ndi chisamaliro chiti chomwe chikufunika?
Tuberose: malongosoledwe a mtundu
Dongosolo la botanose la tuberose ndi ma polyantes; ndi la amuyaya amtundu wa Polyantes, a subfamilies Agave ndi banja la Asparagus. Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Greek tuberose amatanthauza duwa lonyezimira kapena loyera. Komwe maluwa adabadwira ndi Mexico, ndipo paliponse pali mitundu 13 ya tuberoses.
Madzi a tuberose osatha amakhala ndi masamba oyambira komanso masamba otambalala. Chithunzicho chikuwonetseratu kuti iyeNthambi zokhala ndi mafiyira owonda amatenga mu inflorescence mu mawonekedwe a maburashi. Chipatsocho ndi bokosi ndipo mmera mwake muli mbewu zosalala.
Chomera chimafalikira ndi mizu ya tubers ndi ana, nthawi zina ndi mbewu. Komanso, duwa limafalikira kudulidwa kapena mphukira zazing'ono zomwe zimawoneka kuchokera ku masamba a tuber.
Duwa limafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 45 mpaka 100, inflorescence yake ndi yoyera komanso yapinki muutoto. Pambuyo pake mitundu yatsopano ya chikaso, yofiirira ndi yamtundu wa petry petals idabadwa. Mtengowo umayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa cha zokongola zake zokongoletsera komanso fungo labwino.. Tuberose limamasula kuyambira Julayi mpaka Okutobala. Maluwa amawalitsa fungo lamphamvu. Ndikusunthika kotero kuti imatha kupweteketsa mutu ngati muli pafupi ndi maluwa. Chachikulu ndichakuti fungo la maluwa limatha kusintha masana.
Chifukwa cha kununkhira kwake kwamphamvu komanso kosangalatsa, kuchotsa kwa tuberose kunayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazonunkhira. Ndi zolemba za tuberose, mafuta onunkhira ndi mafuta onunkhira, ndi timitengo tosuta amapangidwa. Chotsacho chimasiyanitsidwa ndi fungo lovuta, losowa komanso kukoma. Mafuta obzala amayamikiridwa kwambiri ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa mafuta onunkhira kwambiri.
Kulima ndi chisamaliro
Kuwona mochititsa chidwi kwambiri kwa tuberosis nthawi zonse kumakopa chidwi. Monga mukuwonera, pachithunzichi panthawi yotsegulira inflorescence, maluwa amafanana ndi mabelu otseguka. Mu unamwino tuberoses ofanana ndi freesia. ndi gladioli. M'nyengo yozizira, maluwa ndibwino kukumba, kupatula ana kwa tubers.
Tuberose amakulitsidwa kwambiri m'malo otentha. M'dziko lonselo, nyengo yotentha kwambiri, kukula kwa ma tuberoses sikophweka. Nthawi zambiri tubers tumphuka musanabzikendipo kenako nkubzala poyera. Kudzera kwa tubers ntchito:
- moss
- peat.
Tizilomboti timasungidwa pamalo otentha komanso amdima, ndipo titatha kuwonekera mphukira, timayikidwa mumiphika ndi gawo lapansi. Zilonda zobzalidwa m'munda wopanda kale kuposa Meyi. Kuti ikamatseguka gRunt ayenera kukhala okonzekera malo ndi mchenga wamchenga. Izi zikuthandizani kuti mupange ngalande zabwino kuti chinyezi chisasunthike pamizu ya mbewuyo.
Tekinoloje ya kukula kwa tuberose imafanana kwambiri ndi gladioli. Lisanayambike nyengo yachisanu isanayambe, amakumbidwanso pansi, pambuyo pake timasamba totsukidwa kuti tiwachiritse. Pambuyo pake xzouma bwino kenako ndikusungidwa mpaka kasupe pa kutentha kwa 10-15 zaNdi. Tubers ayenera owazidwa ndi mchenga kapena utuchi. Masamba amachotsedwa pokhapokha atapuma. Ngati ma tubers ali athanzi, amatha kusungidwa ndi ana ndi mtanda wapadziko lapansi.
Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti kukula kwamachombo kumapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Bzalani maluwa muchidebe m'mwezi wa February. Nthambi zoyamba zimawonekera pafupifupi mwezi umodzi ndipo nthawi yomweyo chidebechi chiyenera kuyikiridwa ndikuthiriridwa pa nthawi. Kutentha kukadzuka, zotengera zitha kutengedwera kunja ndikuyikidwa m'malo otetezedwa. Pakatha milungu iwiri yokha amatha kuikidwanso kumalo komwe kuli dzuwa.
Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti kukula kwamachombo kumapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Bzalani maluwa muchidebe m'mwezi wa February. Nthambi zoyamba zimawonekera pafupifupi mwezi umodzi ndipo nthawi yomweyo chidebechi chiyenera kuyikiridwa ndikuthiriridwa pa nthawi. Kutentha kukadzuka, zotengera zitha kutengedwera kunja ndikuyikidwa m'malo otetezedwa. Pakatha milungu iwiri yokha amatha kuikidwanso kumalo komwe kuli dzuwa.Chomera chimafunika kudyetsedwa, ingomidyetsani kangapo pachaka. Ndi isanayambike m'dzinja, chidebe chija wobweretsedwa mchipindacho ndikuyika mu barani kapena louma. Kutsanulira kuyenera kuuma, sikungadulidwe, chifukwa kuyenera kupereka michere ku mizu. Mwanjira imeneyi, maluwa amatha kubzala kunyumba.
Kulima kwakunja
Tuberoses itha kukhala yolimba bwino bwino m'malo opanda dzuwa ndi dothi labwino komanso madzi okwanira. Choyamba, zimamera m'miphika ndipo, ndikayamba kutentha, zimabzalidwa pamalo otseguka mpaka masentimita 1-2. Maluwa otayika amalolera bwino, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti mukhale otentha m'malo owala komanso opanda phokoso. Tuberoses imatha kumera pang'ono komanso kuyatsa. Ngati duwa limamera m'dzuwa, ndiye kuti liyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zambiri.
Maluwa amafunika kuthirira pang'ono kuti pasakhale chinyezi. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda kuthirira. Ndi bwino kumusunga padzuwa ndipo kenako madzi. Muyenera nthawi zonse kuganizira za nyengo ndipo musathirire mbewu nthawi yamvula. Chifukwa chinyezi chambiri, mizu imawola ndikuwonjezeka masiku otentha.
Tuberose amayankha bwino feteleza wa michere ndi michere. Pakati pa nyengo pamafunika kudyetsedwa katatu. Kuperewera kwa zakudya kumawonekera nthawi yomweyo pamawonekedwe a duwa. Tuberose imatha kutulutsa, masamba ake ayamba kupindika ndi kugwa.
Pakati pa chilimwe, ana amatha kudzipatula ku akulu mizu akuluakulu. Ana amawonekera mchaka choyamba mutabzala. Ngati mungawalekanitse pakapita nthawi, ndiye Ziphuphu za amayi akuchimuna zimayenda mofulumira. Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri kotukuka kuchokera 20-25 zaC, ndiye tuberose amamva bwino.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Tuberose amalimbana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda kuthengo. Fungo lake lamphamvu limasowetsa tizirombo tina tambiri. Nthawi zina amamuukira:
kangaude;- nsabwe za m'masamba;
- imvi.
kangaude;Zizindikiro zimawonekera ndi mawonekedwe a mawanga amdima pamasamba. Izi zikachitika, ndikofunikira kuchitira maluwa ndi fungicides. Kuyambira nsabwe za m'masamba ndi kuponya, tuberose amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala apadera.
Duwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupanga mawonekedwe kumadera akumwera. Nthawi zambiri imamera m'miphika pazenera ndi makhonde. Ma polyanteses okongola omwe ali ndi maluwa a sera adakondweretsa kale wamaluwa, koma Kukulitsa nyengo yabwino yovuta, zimatenga nthawi yambiri komanso khama. Chomera chamaluwa chimakhala chofunikira kwambiri m'munda uliwonse ndipo chimadzaza chisangalalo chamadzulo chilimwe ndi kununkhira kwake.
