Tizilombo pachaka timawononga kwambiri nyumba zobzala mbatata ndi minda yamafamu. Zotsatira zakugonjetsedwa kotere, osati magawo a mlengalenga okha ndi mizu yawo ndikuvutika, komanso kupanga kumatsika kwambiri. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi mphutsi za nyengo yachisanu m'nthaka, ma tubers, ndi zinyalala zam'mera zimakhala mtundu wa kuchedwa kwa chiwopsezo kwa wolima dimba. Kuti mbewu zikhale zokhwima komanso zapamwamba kwambiri, pamafunika dongosolo lochitira zinthu polimbana ndi tizirombo ta mbatata ndi ma tubers omwe ali m'deralo. Werengani nkhani yathu yotsatira: Matenda a Mbatata - Zithunzi, Kufotokozera ndi Chithandizo!
Tizilombo ta Colado
Tizilomboti tofiirira ta kutalika pafupifupi sentimita imodzi komanso tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono todziwika bwino kwambiri kwa alimi a mbatata ndipo ndikuwonetsa kuwopsa kwambiri kumadera ambiri mdzikolo. Akuluakulu, makamaka mphutsi, amatha kuwononga kwathunthu kuponyera ndi zitsinde zazing'ono. Ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiwoneka, mbatata singayang'anitsidwe, zokolola zimatha kuchepetsedwa ndi theka.
Tizilombo timavulala kwambiri nthawi ya tuber, pomwe masamba ndi maluwa amatuluka tchire. Podziwa kuti pali mankhwala abwino, monga Taboo pokonza mbatata, nzika zambiri za chilimwe sizipereka njira zina zogwirizanitsira kachilomboka ndi mbatata ya Colorado. Mwa zina mwa izi:
- kuthamangitsidwa kwa mazira tizilombo, kusonkhanitsa mphutsi ndi akulu;
- kuthirira mbande ndi tchire tambiri ndi infusions chomera kutengera celandine, tansy, basil, currant;
- kubzala pamodzi ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zimabweza kachilomboka, mwachitsanzo, nthano kapena korona.
Chitetezo chogwira mtima ku tizirombo chizichitika katatu ngati ikulandila ndi Commander, Iskra, Mospilan, Aktara kapena mankhwala ena onse.
Chachikulu ndikuti masiku 20 asanayambe kukumba mbewu, mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mankhwala azachilengedwe, mwachitsanzo, Boverin, Fitoverm ndi Agrovertin, amawonetsa zotsatira zawo pakadutsa masiku 5-7 ndipo amagwira ntchito makamaka motsutsana ndi tizirombo tambiri ta mbatata, mphutsi.
Mawayilesi - tizirombo ndi mbatata
Zolimba, mpaka 3 cm kutalika mphutsi za nutcracker kafadala zimadya mphukira zazing'ono zam'madzi, mizu ndi ma tubers. Wheatgrass amakonda kwambiri, chifukwa chake, tizilombo ta mbatata tikapezeka, nkhondo yolimbana nawo iyenera kuyamba ndikuchotsa udzu. Tubers tomwe timakhudzidwa ndi ma waya timakhala ndimatumba ndipo nthawi zambiri timakhudzidwa ndi zowola, nematode ndi matenda a mbatata.
Mutha kuteteza mbewu ku tizilombo toopsa mothandizidwa ndi:
- feteleza wokhala ndi ammonia;
- Kuchepetsa dothi kuti muchepetse acidity yake;
- mbewu za nyambo;
- kuwononga nthaka komanso kuwononga namsongole
- kukhazikitsa chithandizo ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, mwachitsanzo, Taboo pokonza mbatata nthawi yobzala.
Kuvala zovala zopangira tizirombo tantchito ndi chithandizo ndi mizere ya Taboo kumathandizira kuteteza mbewu kwa masiku 45.
Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi kachilomboka wa mbatata ya Colorado, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi cicadas. Poterepa, chitetezo chimatha mpaka masiku 35.
Cicadas
Zofanana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba kapena utitiri, tizirombo ta mbatata timene timadyetsa timadziti tambiri ndikuwononga kwambiri kubzala:
- Choyamba, mawanga amapangidwa pamalo opunthira mbewu, kenako, minyewa yazinthu zowonongeka pachitsamba imazimiririka.
- Madera owonongeka amakhala njira yolowera mkati mwa masamba obwera ndi bakiteriya, ma spores a nkhungu ndi magwero a matenda ena.
- Tizilombo tokha timakhala ndi zowopsa pa matenda oyandikira, kuphatikiza mzere.
Kuteteza mbande kuzomera zozungulira, ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito tizirombo ta Kruiser ndi Taboo pokonza mbatata ngakhale zisanalowe mu dothi. Ndipo mothandizidwa ndi Karate Zeon, mutha kuwononga zitsamba zozungulira mozungulira malo obzala mbatata.
Tizilombo ta mbatata - tizilombo tokhala
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya utitiri ndipo imagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Tizirombo tating'ono, totalika 3 mm, tizirombo tating'ono ta mbatata. Ndipo zopyapyala, zophatikizika ndi miyendo itatu pamiyendo, pazaka zabwino kwa tizilombo, zingayambitse kuchepa kwa tchire labwinobwino komanso zambiri za mbewu. Kubzala mochedwa ma tubers ndi kouma, nyengo yotentha imathandizira kugonja.
Zotsatira za kukhalapo kwa utitiri wa mbatata zitha kuzindikira ndi mabowo ndi maenje padziko masamba.
Kuphatikiza pa Tabu, phosphamide yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa 0,2% itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yotchinga ndi kuyang'anira tizilombo toyambitsa mbatata masiku 10 aliwonse. Akuluakulu amakodwa pamisampha ya guluu. Ndipo m'minda yaying'ono yachilimwe, ndizothandiza kupopera kulowetsedwa kwa chamomile kapena fumbi la fodya losakanizika ndi phulusa.
Mbatata za mbatata: Zizindikiro zakugonjetsedwa ndikuwongolera njira
Ndizosatheka kuwona ma microscopic roundworms ndi maso anu. Koma kufunafuna kwa kukhalapo kwa mbatata yagolide mbatata mu chithunzi komanso ndi maliseche ndikuwoneka bwino. Awa ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tofanana ndi mapira, totulutsa mizu ya chomera chodwala. Mwanjira imeneyi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timabisala ndipo titha kukhala osagwira ntchito kwa zaka zosachepera 10. Mabasi omwe akhudzidwa ndi nematode amaponderezedwa kunja, akumatsalira pakukula. Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha matenda a nematode m'nthaka ndicho kukongoletsa masamba am'munsi pamitengo ya mbatata. Zomera zoterezi zikatulutsidwa, munthu amatha kuzindikira mizu yake yozungulira. Ndipo nthawi zina mbatata sizipanga konse.
Ngati malo obzala akukhudzidwa ndi tsinde la mbatata nematode, zizindikilo za kukhalapo kwake pa tubers zimawoneka ngati timiyala tofiyira tomwe timamera ndikukula nthawi. Minofu yomwe ili pansi pa khungu lakhudzidwa imapeza mawonekedwe a bulauni, otayirira, ndipo pamalire ndi zamkati zokhazokha zomwe tizirombo tokha timapezeka.
Ndudu ya ndulu, yomwe imafalikira pansi pamatchire a mbatata, kuphatikiza ma tubers, imawononga mbewu, ndipo pamapeto pake imafa. M'malo olowera mphutsi komanso m'malo a ntchito zawo zofunika, ma CD akuwoneka - makulidwe mpaka mainchesi 1.5 mm. Izi zikusiyidwa pamizu ndi ma tubers ndi tizilombo ta mbatata, chithunzichi chikuwonetsa momwe iwo amakulira pang'onopang'ono, kuphatikizana ndikuwongolera pakusintha kwa tubers ndi ziwalo zomera. Ndipo mabakiteriya ndi bowa zimakhazikika mosavuta m'misempha yowonongeka.
Nematode amasamutsidwa mosavuta m'nthaka ndikubzala zinthu ndi nthaka. Gwero la matenda atha kukhala zida zam'munda, nsapato ngakhale madzi. Chifukwa chake, tubers tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisambitsidwe musanadzalemo ndi burashi pansi pamadzi, ndipo tchire lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo itatha kukumba liyenera kusunthidwa mosamala kuchokera kuzitha ndikuwotcha. Ngati dothi lili ndi ndulu, tsinde kapena matuwa agolide, malo ogawikirawa tizirombo akuwonekera bwino mu chithunzi cha malowo.
Popewa kuwonongeka kwa tubers ndi mphutsi, kubzala kumachitika mofulumira, ndipo amakonda kupatsidwa mitundu yoyambirira yakucha, yomwe imacha masiku osakwana 60 - chitukuko cha nematode.
Kuteteza ndi kuwongolera tizirombo ta mbatata, mwa nematode, ndi:
- kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yolephera;
- kutsatira malamulo a kasinthasintha wa mbeu, kuphatikiza pakusintha mbeu osachepera zaka 3-4;
- mu mbewu m'malo obzala mbatata, nyemba, chimanga ndi masamba osatha omwe amayeretsa dothi la mphutsi.
- pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira othandizira nthaka, mwachitsanzo, thiazone, carbamide, carbathion kapena heterophos.
Mbatata imayamba
Zingwe zopanda mawonekedwe a bulauni kapena mtundu waimvi ndizovuta zazikulu za mbatata, ndipo kulimbana nawo, ndendende ndi mbozi zawo, zikuyenera kuchitika kwathunthu. Tizilomboti timakhala toperewera ndipo timapezeka paliponse, koma timayamba makamaka m'makona otakataka okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. Mazira amaso, omwe nthawi zambiri amazizira pa udzu wa tirigu, amasintha kukhala mphutsi nthawi yophukira ndikudutsa mbatata ndi zina zazifupi.
Mutha kuwona bwino momwe mbatata yomwe ili pachithunzicho, ndikudulira tsinde pamwamba pa khosi lozika, kulowa mkati, kenako ndikudumphira mu timatumba tating'ono komanso tchire, kuwononga mbewu zambiri.
Mutha kuthana ndi phokoso la mbatata:
- pochotsa namsongole wazirala;
- kugwiritsa ntchito misampha ya pheromone;
- kuvumbula tizirombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mbatata ya mbatata
Tizilomboti, tofanana ndi chithunzi cha mbatata, sikukula kokha m'miyezi yotentha. Imathandizanso pakusungidwa pamatenthedwe pamwamba 10 ° C. Panyengo yotentha, njenjete za mbatata zimatha kubereka mpaka mibadwo isanu ndi itatu, ndipo ngati achikulire sakuvulaza kwambiri mbewuyo, mbozi zimawononga zonse tubers ndi gawo lobiriwira kuthengo.
M'malo omwe zizindikiro za mbatata zimapezeka, muyenera:
- samalani pakusunga mbatata pamtunda osapitirira 5 ° C;
- ikani zofunikira kubzala zokha;
- kudzala madzi otentha kale;
- kukweza mphukira;
- chita kukumba kwakuya mu kasupe ndi kugwa;
- limbana ndi kudzimana pofesa patali;
- kukwera tchire lalitali,
- Musana kukumba tubers, kudula ndi kuwononga nsonga.
Mankhwalawa akumba tubers ndi lepidocide amaletsa kukula kwa tizirombo. Kuyambira pa nthenga za mbatata pamabedi, kukonza ndi mankhwala ofanana ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi kachilomboka ka mbatata ya Colorado ndi tizirombo tina ta nsonga za mbatata kudzathandiza. Kufufuza kuchokera ku moths ya mbatata ndi scoops zitha kubwerezedwa kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Izi zimalepheretsa mbozi kuti zitsike kumizu.
Ngati cholinga cha wokonza dimba ndi zokolola zambiri zam'madzi abwino, kupewa kubalalitsa tizirombo ta mbatata ndikulimbana nawo kuyenera kuvomerezedwa m'njira zambiri pamalowo.
Ndipo pano simungachite popanda kuwunika mwadongosolo momwe zimagwirira ntchito, komanso popanda kupanga zikhalidwe zabwino pakukula kwa mbatata paminda.
