Duwa la amaryllis ndi mtundu wawung'ono wamaluwa otuluka a banja la amaryllis, lotchuka ku South Africa, m'chigwa chamiyala pafupi ndi Mtsinje wa Olifants. M'mayiko ena, amatchedwa - kakombo ka belladonna, kakombo ka jersey, dona wamaliseche, amarillo ndi March kakombo.
Kufotokozera kwamaluwa amaryllis okhala ndi chithunzi
Chomera chimakhala ndi masamba obiriwira okhala ndi lamba wozungulira mpaka 50cm komanso 2 cm mulifupi, wopingidwa m'mizere iwiri. Amayamba kumera mchaka nyengo yotentha kapena yophukira (zonse zimatengera mvula ikayamba), ndikufa kumapeto kwa masika, kutsamira pansi.
Amaryllis salekerera chisanu (chimawalekerera bwino kwambiri) ndipo sichilola kuti malo otentha azikhala otentha, chifukwa amafunika nthawi yopanda phokoso pakati pa nthawi pomwe masamba ayamba kukula ndi maluwa kutulutsa. M'mwezi wa Ogasiti, kumapeto kwenikweni kwa chilimwe, kapena kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachilimwe (mu Marichi kapena Epulo) kudziko lakwawo pouma, mphukira iliyonse (mbewu) imatulutsa kamodzi kapena ziwiri zopanda kanthu mpaka 60 sentimita. Aliyense wa iwo amakhala ndi maluwa ochokera 2 mpaka 12.
Iliyonse ya mbalamezi ikuyimira pamiyala isanu ndi umodzi ya maluwa oyera, ofiirira kapena ofiira okhala ndi toterera toterera. Dongosolo lawo ndi pafupifupi masentimita 7-10. Mutha kuwona maluwa amaryllis mu chithunzi:
Zomera nthawi zambiri zimakhala pamtunda, zimamera m'makola owonda - izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kukula kwa mbewu zomwe zimalemera kwambiri. Mphepo ikawomba, imangogwera madera oyandikana nawo ndipo nthawi yomweyo mvula ikagwa.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa amaryllis
Mitundu yamtunduwu ndi yaying'ono: Mitundu inayi yokha, koma awiri okha ndi omwe amadziwika:
Amaryllis belladonna ndiye wotchuka kwambiri wamitundu mitundu. Imakhala ndi tsinde lobiriwira la theka la mita ndipo masamba ake amapanga mawonekedwe okongola ngati pinki kapena oyera oyera. Masamba amasunga mtundu wawo wobiriwira wobiriwira nthawi yonse yozizira, ndipo amafa nthawi yachilimwe komanso maluwa otuwa. Nthawi yamaluwa ya Amaryllis belladonna ndiye kutha kwa chilimwe, komanso mwezi wa February ndi Marichi.
Amaryllis sarniensis imapezeka kwambiri pamchenga wamchenga wa Cape Land, komanso ku Japan ndi chilumba cha Jersey. M'dziko lathu, njira yabwino ikhoza kukhala yoyamba kuti ikulidwe kukhala wowonjezera kutentha (mpaka peduncle ikakula) ndikumangodzaza ndikuyiphika mumphika. Ngati masamba akungoyamba kudutsa, ndiye kuti ma petals ofiira pakadali pano amasangalatsa mtima wa ena.
Kodi kukula amaryllis kunyumba?
Kuti duwa la amaryllis lizike mizu nyengo zathu za nyengo yabwino, limafunikira malo oyenera - mwachitsanzo, malo otentha, dzuwa, koma osayatsidwa kwenikweni ndi dzuwa. Duwa sakonda kukonzekera, kotero muyenera kusamaliranso izi pasadakhale.
Musanakule maluwa amaryllis kunyumba, muyenera kukhala oleza mtima. Amaponyera zida zoyambirira zaka 3 zokha atakhala pa "malo" okhazikika. Pobzala, musagwiritse ntchito miphika yopanda pomwe makoma ake ndi 4-5cm kuposa mulifupi mwake.
Chofunika kwambiri ndikusankhidwa koyenera kwa mitundu ndi mababu chifukwa chodzala. Ayenera kukhala oyera, owuma, ndi mizu yaying'ono, yopanda thukuta. Mababu onse owonongeka ndi zowola kapena zakuda ayenera kutetezedwa kaye. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa la nkhuni, laimu, cannon kapena magnesia. Poyambirira, mababuwo amawawiritsa kwa maola awiri mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate. Pambuyo pake, nthawi yomweyo choviikidwa kwathunthu mu phulusa kapena laimu ndikusiya papepala mpaka litayima kwathunthu.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira Amaryllis
Amaryllis ayenera kubzala kumayambiriro kasupe ndi dothi lokonzekera kale. Mu nthawi zachilengedwe, mbewu imabereka mothandizidwa ndi mbeu. Mbewu zimafalikira mumphepo yamkuntho, nthawi zambiri kugwa, kapena nthawi yamvula yoyamba mu March ndi Epulo. Amaryllis ikhoza kuwuka pakatha milungu iwiri. Koma kuti mukhale ndi maluwa odzaza, muyenera zaka zosachepera zitatu.
Mutha kuwabzala m'miphika ndi mababu angapo - ingoyang'anirani kuti mtunda kuchokera babu kupita m'mphepete mwa mphikawo ndi mainchesi awiri, komanso pakati pa mbande zokha - pafupi masentimita 10. Ngati cholinga chanu ndikupeza ma tubers ambiri momwe mungathere, ndiye kuti muyenera kubzala mbewuyo pamiphika yayikulu kwambiri - ingochenjezani, kukula kwakukulu kwa ma tubers ndikutulutsa maluwa. Manda ayenera kukhala osachepera masentimita atatu, ndipo mababuwo amakwiriridwa pansi pamlingo wa 2/3 bwino kapena theka.
Kusamalira amaryllis kunyumba ndikuthira manyowa, kuphatikiza ndi njira yopanda mizu, mwa kupopera masamba mu botolo lothirira. Kutsirira kuyenera kukhala ngati kuyanika matope. Mukasinthira maluwa mchaka, musaiwale kutchera khutu ku mizu - ngati iwo avunda, ndiye kuti ayenera kuchotsedwa. Ndipo onetsetsani kuti mumavala magolovu omwe amakutetezani kuzinthu zoyipa za mababu.
Duwa la amaryllis litasiya maluwa, limatumizidwa kuti lipume m'malo otentha. Pambuyo maluwa, amaryllis amayenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wophatikiza ndi michere. Ndikofunika kumasula mabulawo kapena kuikirana mabalawo mumphika wambiri.
Chisamaliro chotsatira cha amaryllis ndikuthirira panthawi yake. Ngakhale pakupuma utatha maluwa, amaryllis amafunika chinyezi chokwanira m'nthaka. Wosanjikiza wapamwamba ayenera kukhala wothira nthawi zonse.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Imodzi mwa tizirombo tofala kwambiri - nkhanambo - yoyamba imawoneka ngati kuwala, kenako chikuda chakuda, chomwe mungapeze kumbuyo masamba (makamaka pafupi ndi mitsempha). Pamtunda pali ngati owazidwa madzi - kwenikweni, ndi zotulutsira tizirombo.
Palinso tizilombo tina tambiri tambiri ta amaryllis, nyongolotsi, yomwe imatha kuzindikiridwa ndi malo ake momwe amapezeka ndi ubweya wa thonje. Amakhala onse pamasamba komanso pamizu.
Ndi kuthirira kwambiri, chiopsezo cha matenda a fungus chikuwonjezeka.
Njira zolerera
Duwa limafalikira m'njira ziwiri zazikulu:
Yoyamba ndi mbewu zomwe zimafunika kuti zibzalidwe m'nyengo yozizira ndikuthandizira feteleza wa maluwa mwachangu nthawi yakula. Madzi ofunda firiji ndikupukuta masamba ndi nsalu yonyowa ngati pakufunika kutero. Pambuyo pa maluwa, ndikofunikira kupatsa maluwa nthawi yopumula ndikuyimitsa madziwo kufikira nthawi yotsatira itatulukira. Mkatewo utangotsegulidwa, uyenera kudulidwa, kuikidwa mu vase ndikusintha madzi tsiku lililonse.
Njira yachiwiri ndikugawa mababu. Kufalikira kwa amaryllis munjira yamasamba ndi njira yokongola kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, anyezi wakucha amadulidwira pamtunda wotuluka m'magawo anayi ofanana ndipo tubules pulasitiki imayikidwa pakati pawo. Izi zimachitika kuti ipange mofulumira masikelo ofananira nawo pazinthu zopatukana.
Chifukwa chiyani amaryllis sichimera?
Nthawi zambiri, oyamba kumene wamaluwa amabwera ndi funso loti bwanji amaryllis samatulutsa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti amaryllis ndi chomera chokongoletsa, chomwe chimafunikira chisamaliro mosamala mukakula kunyumba.
Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zazikulu zingapo zomwe amaryllis sikutulutsa. Pafupifupi zonsezi zimawiritsa kuphwanya njira yachilengedwe yomwe imafunikira kuyika ndi kukula kwa chubu cha maluwa. Mwa zina zomwe zingatheke, kuchepa kwa kuwala m'mbali mwa zenera la chipinda ndikofunikira kwambiri. Sinthani vutoli pogwiritsa ntchito nyali zowonjezera ndi nyali za fluorescent mumdima. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutalika kwa maola masana, mbewuyo itha kuyankha ndi cholinga chake chofuna kuphuka.
Mfundo yachiwiri ndi kuchepa kwa zinthu zina. Apa, kudyetsa ndi zovuta ndi zochepa za nayitrogeni (kutsitsa kukula kwa masamba) komanso ndi kuchuluka kwa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu ndikofunikira.
Mavuto ndi komwe mababu amatha kubisidwa pakuzama kwambiri kubzala komanso kuchuluka kwa "ana" omwe samalola kudziunjikira michere yokwanira kuti itutse maluwa pambuyo pake.
M'pofunikanso kupenda mizu, kupatula matenda ndi tizirombo, ndikuwapatsa mbewuyo nthawi yopumula.
