Chomera chamtundu wa Berber dereza, kapena dereza waku China, kapena zipatso za goji, kapena dereza wamba, kapena dereza wa barele, kapena zipatso za nkhandwe (Lycium barbarum), ndi mtundu wamtundu wa Dereza wa banja la Solanaceae. Ku China, mbewu iyi imatchedwa "Ningxia gouzi", potanthauzira dzinali limatanthawuza "Ningxian dereza", pomwe kwa azungu, "goochi" akumveka ngati "goji". Chikhalidwe chotere chimapezeka munyengo zachilengedwe ku Tibet, Russia, China ndi Himalayas. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000 zino, zipatso za goji zinalengedwa ngati chomera chomwe chili ndi mphamvu yochiritsa komanso kuthana ndi matenda aliwonse, anthu amati kuchuluka kwazinthu zambiri zomwe zimatsata komanso antioxidants zimakhazikika mu chikhalidwe chotere. Chikhalidwe choterechi chimatchedwa "diamondi zofiira", "mabulosi a paradiso" komanso "mabulosi okhalitsa." Koma kafukufuku wambiri omwe asayansi adachita sanatsimikizire izi, chifukwa chake juzi la goji silingafanane ndikuchiritsa.
Zambiri za Goji Berry
Mtengo wa goji mabulosi ndi chitsamba chowoneka bwino chomwe kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi mita 3.5, pomwe korona m'mimba mwake amafikira mita 6. Mizu yamphamvu imalowa mu dothi lakuya ndikupanga mizu yambiri. Pamaso panthambalala zachikasu pali zokongola zambiri. Masamba osavuta kwathunthu ndi ochepa kukula komanso elliptical mawonekedwe; pamwamba amapaka utoto wamtundu, ndipo pansipa - mwa utoto. Mawonekedwe a maluwawo ndi belu, amatha kupaka utoto wofiirira, wofiirira kapena wofiirira. Amakhala ndi fungo labwino. Chipatsochi ndi mabulosi ochepa ooneka ngati bedi mpaka 20 mm; amatha kupaka utoto wamalalanje, ofiira kapena ofiira. Chitsamba chotere chimayamba kubala zipatso kuchokera chaka chachitatu cha kukula, koma nthawi zina izi zimachitika kale.
Kukula goji m'munda
Kulima mbewu
Mutha kufalitsa dereza wamba pogwiritsa ntchito njere komanso zomera, pomaliza, zodulidwa pang'ono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kufikira mainchesi 10 kutalika.
Mbewu sizikusowa kuyambiranso. Chapakatikati, asanabzale, amizidwa mmadzi angapo maola ofunda. Pakubzala, njere ziyenera kuyikidwa m'mimba mwake kukhala 0,3 cm mu dothi losakanizidwa, lomwe limaphatikizapo loam ndi peat (2: 1). Chidebe chokhala ndi mbewu chimafunika kuphimbidwa kuchokera pamwamba ndi galasi kapena filimu, kenako chimayikidwa pamalo otentha (kuchokera 20 mpaka 25 degrees). Kumbukirani kuti sizingatheke kuloleza kusakaniza nthawi iliyonse, komanso kuteteza mbewu kuti zisasinthe mwadzidzidzi m'chipindacho. Mbewu zoyambirira, monga lamulo, zimawonekera patatha sabata limodzi. Izi zikachitika, mbewuyo imayenera kusunthidwa kumalo opepuka, koma izikhala ndi masamba ounikira pomwepo.
Masamba atakula masamba tchire, amayenera kuwaika kumtunda pa bedi la sukulu. Kumeneko adzakulira chaka chimodzi. M'nyengo yozizira, mmera uyenera kuphimbidwa bwino. Chapakatikati, mbande zakula zibzalidwe m'malo okhazikika. Kutulutsa kwa mbewu zotere kumayamba patatha zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, ndipo zipatso zoyambirira zimangopereka zaka 4 kapena 5 kuchokera paziyankhira panthaka.
Kudula
Ngati mukufuna kufalitsa dereza wamba, ndiye kuti ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zidutswa zakale, chifukwa zimapereka mizu mwachangu kwambiri. Malo odulidwa mu Julayi kapena August ayenera kumizidwa mu yankho la chinthu chomwe chimalimbikitsa mapangidwe a mizu. Kenako zodulidwa zimabzalidwa pansi pa kanema kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha. Mpaka masiku otsiriza a chisanu, odulidwa okhazikika amayenera kuikidwa pamalo abwino, mwachitsanzo, amapititsidwa kumalo osanja otsekemera, khonde lotetezedwa. Chapakatikati, zodulidwa zimabzalidwa panthaka. Mutha kumera chitsamba chotere m'nthaka iliyonse. Komabe, imakula bwino m'malo opezeka bwino ndi dothi louma bwino.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbande panthaka yophukira masika. Kukula kwa dzenje lofikira kuyenera kukhala 40x40x40 cm. Mukabzala mbande zingapo, mtunda wa 1.5-2 mita uyenera kuwonedwa pakati pawo. Kuti mudzaze dzenje, muyenera kukonzekera dothi losakanikirana, chifukwa muyenera kulumikiza nthaka ndi magalamu 150-200 a superphosphate, 8-10 kilogalamu za humus (kompositi kapena peat) ndi 30-40 magalamu a potaziyamu sulfate (phulusa lamatabwa). Sakanizani dothi bwinobwino.
Mtengowo ukabzalidwe, khosi lake la mizu liyenera kuyikidwa pansi ndi 10-15 mm. Dzenje lodzala litadzazidwa, dothi lomwe lili mu thunthu mozungulira liyenera kuzikika. Mtengowo umathiriridwa bwino, ndipo madziwo atakwiririka pansi, nthaka yake imakutidwa ndi mulch (peat, bark, humus kapena tchipisi).
Kusamalira Goji M'munda
Kuthirira
Kwa achinyamata osasamba a dereza wamba zaka zoyambirira ayenera kusamalidwa bwino. Nthaka yomwe ili pafupi ndi tsinde sayenera kupukuta kwathunthu, koma kusunthira kwamadzimadzi muzu sayenera kuloledwa, makamaka pamatenthedwe ochepa, chifukwa mizu yofooka imatha kuwonongeka chifukwa cha izi. Pofuna kupewa kuzizira komanso nthawi yamvula, pamwamba pa thunthu la thunthu liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi filimu. Chitsamba chachikulire chimatha kuthana ndi chilala komanso kuthirira kwamadzi, chimathiriridwa madzi nthawi yayitali chete.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
M'chaka choyamba mutabzala, mbande sizifunikira kudyetsedwa, chifukwa zimakhala ndi michere yokwanira yomwe idalowetsedwa m'nthaka nthawi yobzala. M'zaka zotsatira, mchere wambiri kapena kompositi ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku dothi la pafupi ndi tsinde.
Kudulira
Chitsamba choterocho chimafunikira kupangika korona nthawi zonse, chifukwa chimakula mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo kutalika kwake kungafike pafupifupi mamita 3-4. Kuti muwonjezere zokolola ndikupangitsa kuti zizioneka zokongola, chifukwa, pazaka zochepa zoyambirira, muyenera kudulira mwatchuthi mwadongosolo, kudula nthambi ndi zimayambira. Zotsatira zake, nthambi zokhazokha zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zokhazikikanso zomwe zimayenera kukhalabe pamalowo, mapewa amapangira zipatsozo, ndipo nthambi zaminda zimaphukira kale. M'zaka zotsatira, nthambi za zipatsozi zimafupikitsidwa, popanda masamba anayi otsala pa aliyense wa iwo. Kudulira kumeneku kumalimbikitsa kukula. Zambiri mwa zipatso zimapangidwa pamitengo ya chaka chatha.
Mpaka kutalika kwa shrub kufikira 200 cm, nthambi zake zam'munsi zidzafunika garter kuti zithandizire, chifukwa siziyenera kugona pansi.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Pa chikhalidwe ichi, tizirombo monga: Tizilombo ta Colado, nsabwe za m'mimba ndi mbozi za scoops yozizira ndizowopsa. Kuti awawononge, mbewuyo imafakizidwapo ndi kulowetsedwa kwa chowawa.
Dereza wamba amayamba kudwala mochedwa komanso podyuka. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika pomwe mbewuyo sikudyetsa phulusa. Iyenera kuyikidwa panthaka pakubzala mmera, ndipo ngati zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda aliwonseazindikirika, ndiye kuti chitsamba chidzafunikira kufesedwa ndi masamba phulusa. Ngati njirayi singapereke zotsatira zomwe zimafunikira, ndiye kuti mbewuyo idzafunika chithandizo ndi fungicide.
Zisanu
Chikhalidwe chotere chimadziwika ndi hardness yozizira yozizira, imatha kupirira kutsika kwa kutentha kwa mpweya mpaka madigiri 15-25. Koma ngati nthawi yachisanu ilibe chipale chofewa, ndiye kuti chitsamba chimatha kuzizira. Motere, kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, kuyenera kuphimbidwa bwino, chifukwa amagwiritsa ntchito nthambi za spruce.
Mukamakulitsa mitundu yokhala ndi chisanu chochepa kwambiri, zimalimbikitsidwa kukumba shrub mu yophukira ndi mtanda waukulu wa dothi ndikubzala mu chidebe. Chomera chimazizira nyengo yachisanu yopanda chisanu pamatenthedwe komanso kutentha.
Kututa ndi kusungira Goji
Pambuyo zipatso za wamba dereza kutembenuzira utoto wofiyira, zitheka kupitiriza kutolera kwawo. Kuti tichite izi, pansi pa chitsamba, tifunika kufalitsa nsaluyo, pomwe zipatso zakupsa zidzauma mukadzaza. Musaiwale kuteteza manja anu ndi magolovesi olimba, chifukwa mbewu iyi imakutidwa ndi singano zokulasa. Zipatso zochotsa zinyalala (nthambi, masamba, ndi zina) ziyenera kumwazikana kuti ziume pansi pa denga. Pakapita kanthawi, zipatsozo zimafunikira kudula mapesi onse, ndiye kuti zimapitilirabe m'malo owuma. Kumbukirani kuti mutha kupukusa zipatso za goji mlengalenga, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamtundu uliwonse ndizoletsedwa. Kuti zipatso ziume bwino, ziyenera kusinthidwa mwadongosolo. Pamene peel pa zipatso ndizosavuta kutuluka, ichi ndi chizindikiro kuti zopangira zakonzeka. Kuti zisungidwe, zipatso zoterezi zimayikidwa mugalasi kapena zoumba zoumba, zotsekedwa mwamphamvu ndi chivindikiro.
Zipatso zatsopano zimatha kuzizira, pambuyo pake zimasungidwa mufiriji. Ndiwofunikira kukonzekera ma toppings a ma pie, komanso zakumwa.
Mitundu ya Goji ndi mitundu
Chomera chodziwika bwino cha dereza ndi mtundu wamtundu. Komabe, mtunduwu uli ndi mitundu iwiri:
Tibetan dereza (Lycium barbarum) kapena Tibetan goji
Fomuyi imadziwika ndi zokolola zambiri. Maluwa ndi kutulutsa tchire kumayamba mchaka choyamba mutabzala mmera m'malo okhazikika. Maonekedwe a chipatso chokoma ndi chowoneka ngati dontho, kutalika kwake amafikira pafupifupi 20 mm ndikukhala ndi kununkhira kosiyana kwa nightshade. Komabe, mawonekedwe awa amakhalanso ndi zovuta, zomwe ndi madzi amtundu wa zipatso ndi mbewu zazikulu kwambiri.
Chinese Dereza (Lycium chinense), kapena Chinese Goji
Chitsambachi chimakhala champhamvu komanso chachitali. Zipatso za crispy zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe komanso kukoma kosangalatsa, zimapsa msanga. Zoyipa zamtunduwu ndizochepa hardness yozizira komanso mochedwa kulowa fruiting.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, mitundu ingapo ya dereza wamba yapangidwa, yomwe imadziwika kwambiri wamaluwa:
- Zatsopano. Mitundu ya Chipolishi iyi imadziwika ndi kusazindikira, kukana nthawi yozizira komanso kukula msanga. Zipatso zoyambirira pach thengo zimapezeka mchaka chodzala. Zipatso zokhala ndi lalanje zimakhala ndi mkoma wowawasa.
- Lhasa. Mtundu woyambirira waku China ukulephera kuzizira ndi zipatso. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi masentimita 300, pamwamba panthambi zomwe zimamangidwa pali minga yambiri. Zomera zikupanga zipatso mchaka chachiwiri mutabzala poyera. Mtundu wa maluwa omwe amadzipukusa okha ndi wofiirira. Zipatso za lalanje zowala zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a ovate, kutalika kwake ndi 20 mm, ndipo zimalemera kuchokera 2 mpaka 3 magalamu. Kukoma kwa mnofu kumakhala kotsekemera komanso kowawa pang'ono.
- Chimphona cha shuga. Kutalika kwa chitsamba chofalikira kuli pafupifupi masentimita 350, kulimbana ndi chisanu ndi zipatso. Kutalika kwa zipatso zamoto za lalanje ndi pafupifupi 25 mm; zimakhala ndi kukoma kosangalatsa kwambiri. Mitundu imeneyi imatchedwanso kuti barberry ya ku Tibet.
- Amber Wokoma. Mtundu wa Chitchainizi wobadwa mu 2016, umakhala ndi kuzizira kwambiri koma ndiwokonda kutentha. Anayamba kukhala wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa olima dimba. Chitsamba chotere sichimamatira ku zothandizira, koma chimangokhala. Chitsamba chimadziwika ndi kukula msanga, ndipo kutalika kwake kumatha kufika mpaka masentimita 250. Zipatso zake zokhwima zimapeza mtundu wowonekera wa amber.
- Chipatso chapamwamba. Chitsamba chowonderachi chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kujambulidwa kwake, kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 300. Mtundu wa zipatsozo ndi wofiira kwambiri. Zomera zimabereka zipatso patatha zaka zitatu mutabzala mosabisa.
Malo a Goji: Zowopsa ndi Zopindulitsa
Zothandiza Goji
Zipatso za dereza wamba zimakhala ndi zinthu monga zinc, phosphorous, mkuwa, chitsulo, calcium, selenium, germanium, beta-carotene, vitamini C, amino acid, polysaccharides, antioxidants, flavonoids, steroid saponins, thiamine, riboflavin ndi zina zothandiza m'thupi la munthu zinthu.
M'magazi achi China, zipatso zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a impso, chiwindi, njira yobereka komanso maso. Zipatso zimathandizira kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi, kuthetsa kupweteka kwa mutu komanso kusowa tulo, kuthetsa mavuto oyamba obwera chifukwa cha kusamba, kulimbitsa mapapo, kuletsa candidiasis, kuteteza kukula kwa matenda ashuga, kubwezeretsanso kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya thupi ndi kwamikodzo, kusintha magazi ndi mantha amthupi, , chopinga cha pathogenic Escherichia coli ndi zotupa zina mthupi. Ogwira ntchito zamankhwala amakono ku China adachita zoyesa, chifukwa chake zidapezeka kuti zipatso za mtengowu ndi aphrodisiac.
Akatswiri azakudya amalangiza aliyense amene akufuna kuchepa thupi mwakufuna kudya zipatsozi, chifukwa zimathandizira kukonza kagayidwe kazinthu kagayidwe ka magazi, komanso zimathandizira kufulumizitsa kuchepa kwa maselo amafuta ndikuchepetsa cholesterol yoyipa. Ma keloni, mafuta odzola komanso zinthu zina zokhala ndi zipatso za dereza wamba, zimathandizanso. Monga mankhwala nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa masamba kapena zipatso za mbewu.
Contraindication
Pali anthu omwe amalekerera payekhapayekha zipatso za wamba dereza. Komabe sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi amayi apakati, kuyamwitsa, komanso ana osakwana zaka zitatu. Munthu wamkulu wathanzi amalimbikitsidwa kudya zipatso 25 patsiku. Ngati mulibe chosokoneza pakudya zipatso za goji, mukufunikabe kuonana ndi katswiri.
