Mwini aliyense wa munda wamaluwa amafuna kuti ukhale wokongola komanso wapadera. Maofesi amatha kuthandizira pa izi, kuyika ndi kusamalira poyera komwe sikutanthauza maluso akulu ndi chidziwitso. Mbewuyi imawonedwa ngati yopanda tanthauzo. Itha kumeranso mosangalatsa mumalo komanso m'malo dzuwa. Masamba ake okhala ndi chidwi chowonongera amabweretsa zipatso zamtundu uliwonse wamaluwa. Kuti mbewu zitheke bwino ndi kusangalatsa diso, ndikofunikira kutsatira malingaliro osavuta osavuta.
Momwe mungabzalare alendo?
Chofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa mbewu ndikukula kwa chomera chimachitika ndi kulondola kwa kubzala. Pankhaniyi, zifukwa zingapo zazikulu ziyenera kukumbukiridwa:
- Komwe kudalipo.
- Kapangidwe ka dothi.
- Malamulo akumalo.
Pokhapokha zinthu zonsezi zikagwiritsidwa ntchito pomwepo zingakhale zotheka kubzala mbewu kuti izisangalatsa eni ake kwa chaka chopitilira. Kupanga dimba lokongola la maluwa, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya olandirayo ingakule mwanjira zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, musanabzala, onetsetsani kuti mumazolowera mawonekedwe amitundu yomwe mwasankha.
Kusankha malo abwino kwambiri
Kukhazikika kwa makamu mu kasupe mu nthaka kumaloledwa konse m'malo amdima ndi dzuwa. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Lamulo lalikulu pankhaniyi sikuti mudzala maganyu mumthunzi wamiyala yamtengo. Pamalo oterowo, amaleka kukula ndi kutaya mtundu wamasamba. Mutha kusankha tsamba pamtundu:
- Zomera zokhala ndi masamba amdimba ndizabzalidwe bwino pafupi ndi mitengo ya apulo, mapeyala kapena mitengo ina yokhala ndi korona yaying'ono.
- Ngati pali mitsitsi yagolide kapena yoyera mumtundu wa masamba, ndiye kuti imayenera kukhala kumbali yakum'mawa pansi pa malo otsika. Popanda kuwala, amatha kutaya zokongoletsera zawo.
Mukasankha kusankha malo oyimapo, ayenera kutsukidwa ndi dothi ndi kukumba. Yesetsani kuthana ndi udzu wonse womwe ungakuchotsere michere.
Ogulitsa malo obisika ku Siberia akuyenera kuchitidwa kokha mchaka. M'madera ena, kuyambitsanso yophukira kumaloledwa.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Malo okhala safunikira pa dothi labwino. Kuti mutukule mokwanira, amafunikira michere yaying'ono. Mchenga ukapezeka mu dothi, peat yochepa ndiyofunikira. Zithandiza kuthetsa kukoka kwa mchere ndi mchere.
Dothi likakhala losauka kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa mineral ndikofunikira. Masiku ano, mankhwala osiyanasiyana apadera akugulitsidwa. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, muyenera kutsatira malangizowo ndipo musapitirire muyeso.
Malamulo oyambira
Njira yodzalirira ndi kusamalira mabwalo m'munda zimatengera mtundu wobzala. Ndikofunika kusankha nthawi ndi mizu yotsekeka. Ndikokwanira kuwachotsa mosamala mumtsinjiro popanda kuwononga chipwirikiti ndikuyiyika dzenje lomwe lidakonzedwa kale.
Zomera zokhala ndi mizu yotseguka zimakula kwambiri. Mukamasankha zinthu zobzala, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mizu yake. Iyenera kukhala yamoyo, yopanda zizindikiro za kuvunda. Mutabzala mlendo wotere mu bowo, madziwo. Nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kuyika mbewuyo kuti masamba ake akhale pamwamba pa nthaka.
Malamulo osamalira chisamaliro
Nyumba zomwe zimabzalidwa ndikusamalidwa pamalo osafunikira zimafunikira kukonza. Idzakhala ndikutsatira malangizo osavuta:
- Ngati musanabzale feteleza munthaka, ndiye kuti kuvala pamwamba sikungasiyidwe kwa zaka zitatu.
- M'miyezi yotentha, kuthirira kumachitika nthawi zonse pamene nthaka yapamwamba ikuma. Mukugwa, ndimachepetsa pafupipafupi kuthirira. Madzi amafunika kuthiridwa pansi pa muzu, kupewa kukhudzana ndi masamba.
- Chisamaliro makamaka chiyenera kulipidwa mutabzala m'nthaka pokonzekera nyengo yozizira. Pofuna kuti mbewuyo isizizirira, imayikiriridwa mothandizidwa ndi utuchi wouma, peat kapena humus. Popewa masamba ang'onoang'ono kuti asadye masamba oyambilira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, onjezani fumbi mu mulch. Masamba nthawi yachisanu ndibwino kuti muchepetse ndi kuphimba chitsamba ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu.
- Hosta yokhala ndi chisamaliro chabwino imakula kwambiri, choncho iyenera kupatulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Kuti achite izi, amakufukula ndikuudula mosamala ma rhizome m'magawo angapo, omwe amawokedwa mosiyana.
- Pambuyo maluwa, mmera umatsukidwa ndi peduncle. Izi zingamuthandize kukhala ndi mphamvu yambiri nthawi yachisanu.
Kukhazikitsa malo poyera ku Urals ndi madera ena osintha nyengo kumafuna kuwunika chinyezi. Kutsirira ndikotheka pokhapokha pamwamba pamtunda pouma. Kupanda kutero, mizu imatha kuvunda.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Mbali yofunika pankhani yakubzala ndi kusamalira makonda kutchire ndikulimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Mavuto ambiri ndi awa:
- Phyllosticosis ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Imadziwoneka yokha ngati mawanga pamasamba amtundu wa bulauni. Zithunzi zowonongeka ziyenera kuwonongeka ndikuthiridwa ndi kukonzekera kwapadera posachedwa.
- Botritis. Ndi matendawa, masamba amafota msanga ndikugwa. Mutha kuthana nawo pokhapokha mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala.
- Zowonongeka m'munda wa slugs. Tizilombo timtunduwu timadziwika kuti ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuti muthane nawo, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, slugs ikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa ndi manja ndikuwonongeka.
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, wolandirayo adzakula ndikukula mwachangu. Zikhala zokongoletsera zabwino zamunda uliwonse.
