Dongosolo Lachilatini la hazel grouse - Fritillaria amachokera ku "chessboard", ndipo amapatsidwa utoto wokongola wa maluwa a mitundu ina yofanana ndi nkhaniyi. Malinga ndi mtundu wina - kuchokera ku Latin fritillus, zomwe zikutanthauza goblet kapena chotengera cha mikate, ndipo sichimalumikizidwa ndi mtundu, koma mawonekedwe a duwa. Mtengowo udalandira dzina lachi Russia "hazel grouse" lofanana ndi maluwa omwe amawoneka ndi madontho okongola ndi nthenga za mbalame yankhalango yabanja la grouse. Munkhaniyi tikuuzani momwe mungakulitsire hazel grouse m'munda - za kubzala, kuswana ndi kusamalira.
Hazel grouse (Fritillária).
Kufotokozera kwamabzomera za mbewu
Grouse - osatha mbewu, zochulukitsa komanso zina zimafalitsidwa kudzera mababu apansi panthaka. Babu limakhala ndi masikelo angapo (2-4-6 kapena kuposerapo) amyeso, osakanikirana; masikelo ena amakhala ndi impso pachifuwa pawo, ndikupanga mababu atsopano. Tsinde la anyezi limamera kuchokera ku babu wokhala ndi masamba ochulukirapo, ochepera-lanceolate kapena ang'ono-ang'ono omwe amakhala omwazikana kapena wowomba mozungulira pa tsinde.
Maluwa akuluakulu otuwa a hazel grouse amawonekera amodzi nthawi imodzi kapena zingapo (ndi ambulera, panicle) pamwamba pa tsinde. Perianth ndi yosavuta, yowala mtundu (wachikasu, wofiyira, woyera, wamtambo), yemwe nthawi zambiri amawona, sita-peteled, belu wooneka ngati belu kapena ngati kola, ukugwa; okwera kapena pafupifupi ozungulira, nthawi zonse zofanana ndepini mwina zimasinthana ndi nsonga zawo, kapena kumamatira mbali. Pansi pa tsamba lililonse pali dzenje la uchi (timitsempha tating'ono) tokhala ngati timizinga tating'onoting'ono, koyenda mozungulira kapena kozungulira, komwe kamakonda kutuluka kwambiri, chifukwa chake lobe imapindika ngodya zoyenera, ndipo duwa limakhala lakale kapena lofanana. Pali ma stamens asanu ndi limodzi; ma anther amakakamizidwa kuzingwe ndi maziko. Pestle wokhala ndi fayilo, lonse kapena lachitatu (stigmas) komanso wokhala ndi mizu yokhala ndi ma polyspermous ovary.
Chipatso cha hazel grouse ndi kapisozi mbali zisanu, zisanu ndi zitatu, opanda mapiko kapena opanda mapiko, okhala ndi njere zambiri zosalala.
Malamulo obzala grouse
Chizindikiro cha hazel grouse ndi kupezeka kwa mamba opaka zipatso, osatetezeka. Zowonongeka zilizonse pamiyeso (maula, mabala, mawanga amdima akuda), komanso malo osungira osayenera a mababu omwe amawapangitsa kuti awume (mabalawo amakhala ofewa komanso amadzaza) kapena kuwoneka kwa nkhungu pamababu kungayambitse kufa kwawo. Kufa kwamwamuna kumakula kwambiri ndikubzala kosayenera kwa mababu, pamene chinyezi chambiri mu dothi lozizira chimawapangitsa kuti avunde.
Mababu a grouse amawokedwa bwino m'malo okwezeka pomwe palibe madzi. Ngati pali ngozi yakufinyiza dothi pamalo omwe mukusanja, sankhani dothi lokumba. Dzazani pansi pa dzenje lalikulu ndikuyanika ndi mchenga wozama, kuya kwake komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwa babu ndi kutalika kwa chomera (mababu akulu a grouse okula pang'ono amabzalidwa mpaka mainchesi 12 cm, aatali - pafupifupi 20 cm).
Malo a grouse amasankhidwa dzuwa kapena mthunzi wowala. Dothi liyenera kukhala lolemera komanso lopanda madzi ambiri. Mukakulitsa mababu kapena kuwabzala m'malo onyowa, osabereka, ndiye kuti sipangakhale mphukira zambiri. Pezani babu, wokhala ndi masikelo amthupi, muyenera kusamala mosamala.
Mchenga waku Coarse umathiridwa pansi pa dzenje lokonzedwa ndi hazel grouse. Mchenga wokongola wabwino siabwino, umakhudza mababu, mizu yaying'ono itavunda mkati mwake. Komanso, kuti tipewe kuwola mababu omwe ali mdzenje, ndibwino kugona pamzera.
Kuzama kwa kubzala kwa hazel grouse kumawerengeredwa, monga mababu onse - kuyenera kuwonjezedwa katatu kuposa kutalika kwa babu. Mukayika anyezi, mchenga ndi feteleza wachilengedwe zimawonjezeredwa kudzenje, dothi lokonzekera bwino bwino la maluwa, loyera kapena losakanizika ndi dothi.
Musanabzale, ndikofunikira kupopera mankhwala a hazel grouse bulb (mwachitsanzo, ndi potaziyamu yaanganamu) kenako ufa ndi makala opera.
Ngati sizotheka kubzala mababu a hazel grouse mukangotenga, atetezeni kuti asayanike - ikani sphagnum pang'ono peat kapena live moss ndikuyiyika mu chipinda cha zipatso cha firiji. Grouse nthawi zambiri amabzala m'munda mu Seputembala ndi Okutobala. Kudzala mababu kumapeto kwake kumafuna mulching malo obzala ndikuwaphimba ndi masamba nthawi yachisanu.
Kulima ndi grouse
Pali lingaliro kuti hazel grouse ndi chomera chosalemera. Izi sizowona konse. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo akukhazikitsa.
Mababu a grouse obzalidwa kumapeto kokha - kuyambira pakati pa Ogasiti mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala. Sizingabzalidwe pambuyo pake: mbewu sizidzakula, monga ziyenera kukhalira, ndipo mwina sizimaphuka chaka chamawa.
Grouse imathiriridwa, monga mababu onse, pokumbukira kuti mababu a masamba omwe sanazolowere sayenera kukhala panthaka youma, amafunika kuthirira kamodzi pamwezi.
Hazel grouse (Fritillária).
Samalirani zokongoletsa komanso maluwa. Amadyetsa kawiri ndi feteleza wouma.
- Grouse amadyetsedwa kwa nthawi yoyamba mu gawo lachitatu la Epulo: amatenga 1 tbsp. Of humus mu ndowa. supuni "Agricola" yopanga maluwa "ndi nitrophoska, kuwaza 3-5 makilogalamu pa 1 sq. M. wosanjikiza wa 3-5 cm.
- Kachiwiri kudyetsa grouse pambuyo maluwa: 1 lalikulu. m wobalalika pa 1 st. supuni ya superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulfate.
Ndikothekanso kuwonjezera phulusa lamatabwa pansi pa mbewu nthawi yamaluwa a hazel grouse. Amabwanyikana mozungulira, pambuyo pake chomerachi chiwunjikiridwa ndi peat kapena humus (wosanjikiza mpaka 3 cm).
Hazel grouse imayamba kuphukira theka lachiwiri la Meyi, maluwa ndi afupiafupi - mpaka masiku 18-20.
Wokhuthala grouse kwakanthawi ndikukondweretsabe maso chifukwa cha masamba ake okongola, koma pofika khumi zoyambirira za Julayi chomera chimataya zokongoletsera zake ndipo mbali yake yonse ya pansi iyenera kudulidwa. Kuti musaiwale komwe Hazel grouse amakulira komanso kuti asakumbe dothi mwangozi pamalo ano, ziyenera kudziwika mwanjira ina.
Kuswana kwa grouse
Chomera chimafalikira ndi njere komanso mobala zipatso. Kusinthana kotereku sikuli kwangozi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti njira yambewu ndiyopezeka paliponse ndipo ndiyofunika ku mitundu yonse, ndizomera ziwiri zokha zamtundu womwewo zomwe zimafunikira.
Kufalitsa mbewu za grouse
Pambuyo popukutira (pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo kapena zokumba), bokosi la mbewu limapangidwa, pomwe limakhwima, limakhazikika. Pesi la grouse limakulitsa ndipo limapeza mphamvu. Mbewu zitha kutengedwa mutatha kuti zipu za kapukusi ziume. Nthawi zina, mumvula yamvula yambiri, ndikofunikira kuti ichoke m'bokosilo m'mbuyomu, pomwe makoma ake amayamba kupepuka, ndikuwuma m'malo owuma komanso opumira.
Mbewu za hazel grouse zambiri zimalimbana ndi matenda a fungus. Amalimbikitsidwa kuti zibzalidwe mukangokolola pamalo omwe adakonzedwa bwino, nthaka yachilengedwe, chifukwa mbande zimamera kuno kwa zaka zingapo ndipo zimafunikira kupatsidwa chakudya pazaka zonsezi.
Zopangira feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yovala pachaka pachakudya pazinthu zikuluzikulu pakukula kwa mbeu: koyambirira kokukula, pakapangidwa babu. Mbeu za grouse zimabzalidwa m'mizere yomwe idakwezedwa kuti ikhale yolowa m'miyeso 6-10 cm, ndikutalika kwa mzere wofanana. Kuya kophatikizika ndi masentimita 1. Kupanga kuti mzerewo ukhale pansi ngakhale, gwiritsani ntchito wozungulira mbali yolimba yokhala ndi mbali zosalala, zomwe zimapangidwira pamagetsi owongolera.
Mukangofesa, pamwamba pa mtengowo mumadzaza ndi peat ndi masentimita awiri 2. Mfuti zimawonekera kumapeto kwa chaka chamawa ndipo ndi tsamba lokhalo lokwanira masentimita angapo. Zomera za grouse zimasiyanasiyana, kutengera mitundu, komanso mtundu umodzi wazaka zingapo.
Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha nyengo yomwe kuphukira kwa mbewu kudachitika. Mbande za grouse nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu kuposa zomera zachikulire, zosagwirizana ndi kuziziritsa nyengo yozizira ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta.
Mwina vuto lalikulu m'dera lathu lotentha ndi kuteteza mbande za grouse, alendo ochokera kumadera omwe ali ndi chilimwe chouma, kuchokera ku chinyezi cha dothi chilimwe. Zomera zokhala ndi zaka ziwiri ziyenera kukumbidwa mukamaliza nthawi yokulira ndikusungidwa m'malo otentha chilimwe. Iyi ndi ntchito yowonetsetsa, chifukwa mababu akadali ochepa kwambiri ndipo ena mwa iwo, monga lamulo, amatayika.
Mitundu ya grouse, yolekerera nthawi yotentha kwambiri, popanda kutayika ikhoza kukhala malo amodzi mpaka zaka 4 (chiyambi cha maluwa a toyesa), pambuyo pake ziyenera kubzalidwa. Ngati pali mbewu zochepa, ndikwabwino kuzifesa m'mbale ndi makhoma okhala pansi ndi pansi zomwe sizimasokoneza kukula kwa mizu. Amayikidwa munthaka ndikuthiramo kumtunda. Izi zimathandizira kukumba kwa mababu ang'onoang'ono, omwe amachotsedwa limodzi ndi mbale. Kuteteza mababu ku chinyezi chambiri m'chilimwe, ngati kuli koyenera, kumathandizanso. Mbalezo zimachotsedwa limodzi ndi dothi ndikuyika malo otetezedwa ndi mvula, ndipo m'dzinja zimakumbidwa.
Kufalitsa kwa grouse ndi mababu
Njira yachiwiri yofunikira kwambiri yoberekera hazel grouse ndiwachilengedwe. Mayi mmodzi anyezi amatha kupanga zina zingapo. M'mitundu yambiri, babu ochulukitsa omwe ali ndi ana ambiri amapangidwa mokhazikika pachaka. Monga lamulo, ndizazungulira, koma m'mitundu ina ndi stolonoid kapena mawonekedwe ena. Iyenera kukhala itakula mpaka maluwa kwa zaka zingapo.
Zovala zachifumu.
Mukakumba, mwana amalekanitsidwa mosavuta ndi babu a mayi, ndipo sizingatheke kusonkhanitsa zonsezo. Zomwe zidatsalira pansi ziwuka chaka chamawa. Chifukwa chake, m'malo ano chaka chotsatira, ndibwino kuti musabzale mitundu ina ya hazel grouse, mwinanso patatha zaka zochepa mutha kupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Kukumba kwa hazel grouse kamodzi pakatha zaka ziwiri kuli bwino chifukwa mwana wazaka zoyambirira amakula ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kuti azikumba. Mitundu ya gulu la Liliarhyza ndiyosavuta kufalitsa polumikizirana mu mababu amama gawo lina la zolakwika zopumira zomwe zimapereka mbewu zazing'ono.
Mutha kugawa mababu a grouse mwadala. Njirayi imasinthidwa kufikira njira yachilengedwe itakhala yovuta. Njira yosavuta ndikuphwanya anyezi, yomwe ili ndi miyeso iwiri. Zitatha izi, ogawikirawo ayenera kuwuma kuti bala ili pamwamba. Mulingo wogawanika umabzala kale kuposa mababu athunthu, chifukwa kukana kwawo kuyanika ndikotsika.
Mababu akulu a grouse ochokera ku subgenus Pelitium, Theresia, Korolkowia amadulidwa mbali zingapo kapena kutengera mbali imodzi yophatikizika. Izi siziyenera kuchitika pasanathe milungu itatu atakumba. Musanadzalemo, mababu odulidwa kapena osafunikira ayenera kusungidwa m'chipinda chowuma. Ndikofunika kuwaza malo omwe amayaka ndi makala amoto kapena kuthandizira ndi fungicide iliyonse.
Tizilombo ndi matenda a grouse
Hazel grouse imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda, ndipo ukadaulo woyenera waulimi, wolingana ndi sayansi ya gulu lirilonse, umapangitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kukhala kosafunikira. Njira yodzitetezera yogwiritsira ntchito bwino ndikusinthasintha kwa mbeu - nthawi ndi nthawi kusintha malo omwe mbewu zina kale zidabzalidwa kale (ngati sizikhala zochulukirapo, koma oimira ma genera ena nawonso ali ovomerezeka).
Ngati mbali ya babu ikukhudzidwa ndi zowola, ndiye kuti nthawi zina chomera chimatha kupulumutsidwa ndikudula malowo ndikuthira minofu yathanzi, ndikuchotsa odulidwa ndi fangayi. Mafuta ambiri a hazel amadana ndi botritis ndipo samadwala matenda osachiritsika omwe ali ndi vutoli - mliri weniweni wa mbewu zina zokongoletsa kwambiri.
Duwa loyambirira limapezeka kwambiri m'minda yamaluwa. Ngakhale pakati pa maluwa akuluakulu osiyanasiyana amaluwa, imawoneka bwino ndi mawonekedwe ake achilendo, imawoneka ngati yapadera. Ogwiritsa ntchito m'minda yathu makamaka ngati hazel grouse imperial ndi grouse chess. Kodi mukukula?
