Chitsamba chilichonse chimayenera kupangidwa mwaluso ndi kutchetchera - monga munthu aliyense nthawi zina amafunikira tsitsi. Popanda kudulira zipatso ndi zitsamba zokongoletsera, umunthu wawo wokongoletsa komanso kutulutsa zipatso umatayika. Kuphatikiza apo, minda yobzala yopitilira muyeso imalepheretsa mbewu zina pamalopo, kuwaletsa kulandira kuwala ndi chinyezi chofunikira. Momwe mungayang'anire zitsamba zokongoletsera ndi mabulosi kuti dimba lanu limakhala lokonzekera bwino komanso lopatsa zipatso?
Madeti ndi malamulo odulira zokongoletsera ndi zipatso zitsamba
Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe kutchuka kwambiri kwa zitsamba ndikosavuta kosamalira. Ambiri a iwo safuna kuti azizungulira nthawi zonse ndi kulekerera nyengo yozizira yapanjira yapakati. Mitundu ina ya zitsamba imakhala yolekereka bwino ndipo, ngakhale imakhalapo, imamera, imaphuka, ndipo imabala zipatso.
Komabe, kuwonjezera pa ntchito zazikulu zokhudzana ndi kulima zitsamba (kuthira feteleza, kuthirira, kukumba dothi, mulching, chithandizo), kupambana kwaulimi wawo kumadalira njira ina yaulimi.
Tikukamba za mapangidwe ndi kudulira kwa zokongoletsera komanso mabulosi - zolondola komanso panthawi yake. Njirazi ndi njira zabwino kwambiri zowongolera kukula, kutulutsa ndi maluwa a shrub mbewu.
Kupanga ndi kudula tchire ndi manja awo kumaphatikizapo kupangidwa kwa korona, kuyambira kukhala ku nazale komanso zaka zoyambirira atabzalidwa pamalo okhazikika. Kudulira tchire kumachitika nthawi zosiyanasiyana.
Ndikudulira, kukula kwa chomera nthawi zambiri kumakhala kufooka kapena kukonzedwa, maluwa ndi zipatso zimathandizira kapena kuchepetsedwa, kapena mawonekedwe ofunikira korona amakonzedwa kapena kupangidwa. Kudulira kumathandiza kwambiri kupewa matenda osiyanasiyana achitsamba ndikuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa tizirombo.
Kuyika bwino mapangidwe, ndipo kenako kudulira, kumathandizira kuti mbewu ikhale yayitali, kukongoletsa kwake, komanso zipatso zachilengedwe - kupeza zokolola zambiri komanso pafupipafupi. Momwe mungadulire zitsamba kuti zimaphuke kwambiri ndi kubereka bwino? Kodi kudulira zitsamba bwino kwambiri?
Zitsamba zambiri zimayamba kupanga nazale, zisanabzalire m'malo okhazikika. Amapangidwa ngati chitsamba chambiri. Nthawi yachiwiri yodulira zitsamba ndi chaka chachiwiri mutabzala, amazidulira, kutalika kwa 5 - 7 cm kuchokera pamizu.
Ngati mukudziwa kudulira zitsamba molondola, mutha kukulitsa kutsika kwa mbeu mwa kupanga masamba owonjezereka kuchokera kumabedi ogona omwe amakhala pansi pa kudula. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuweta monga honeysuckle, lilac, hawthorn, buckthorn, hazel, akuwonetsedweratu kuti apange mphukira wapakati pakuvulaza ofananira nawo. Nthawi yomweyo, barberry, spirea, cotoneaster, cinquefoil chitsamba chabwino popanda kudulira. Komabe, kuti tipeze tchire kukhala labwino komanso kulimbikitsa kufota, miyala iyi iyeneranso kukonzedwa, kuchotsa mphukira zonse mpaka kutalika kwa 1/3 panthaka. Malinga ndi malamulowa, kudulira kwamtchire mchaka chizichitika tisanatsegule masamba.
Momwe mungadulira zitsamba ndi nthawi kuti muzichita bwino
Zitsamba, mosiyana ndi mitengo, chifukwa zochuluka sizikhala cholimba, ndipo moyo wawo nthawi zambiri umangokhala zaka zochepa chabe. Black elderberry ndi chisamaliro chabwino amakhalabe mpaka zaka 50, pomwe redberryberry, chipewa, meadowsweet, mockworm amakhala zaka zosakwana 15 - 25. Momwe mungadziwire nthawi yanji kuti muzidulira zitsamba? Nthawi zambiri, wosamalira mundawo ndi amene amasankha ngati amakonda chomera kapena ayi, chifukwa chake kufunika kofuna kutulira. Sikovuta kwa munthu amene sakudziwa mtengowo kuzindikira zolakwika zomwe zimafunika kuchotsedwa: nthambi zowonongeka kapena zosweka, nthambi zowuma ndi zotikirira, nthambi zowola, nthambi zodulira, makamaka pamiyala yodula.
Tisanadze zitsamba, ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa mbewuzo. Amadziwika kuti ambiri mwa mbewu zonse amakhala pachiwopsezo ngati chisamaliro choyenera sichikuperekedwa kwa iwo, ndiye kuti, samapatsidwa chakudya mokwanira, amakhala ndi chinyezi, samakhala ndi mpweya komanso kuwala. Zomera zofooka ndizowonjezereka kuposa zamtundu wathanzi kuti zisagwidwe ndi tizirombo. Chifukwa chake, musanadulire zitsamba zokongoletsera kapena mabulosi, ndikofunikira kuzindikira nthambi zowonongeka kapena nthambi zakufa ndikuzichotsa choyamba - izi zimapangitsa zitsamba kuti zikulire, pachimake ndikubala zipatso nthawi zonse.
Mlingo wa kudulira ndiwosiyana kwambiri: kuyambira kuchotsa maluwa osachedwa kuchoka ku lilacs kapena maluwa kudulira nthambi zazikuluzikulu za mitengo yazipatso, komanso kubwezeretsa kudulira kwa zitsamba zakale. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kudulira mbewu ndikuchita opareshoni yomweyo, ndipo asanapitirize nayo, wosamalira mundawo ayenera kudziwa ngati ikufunika komanso zomwe akufuna achite ndi opereshoni. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mbewu zamtchire zizipangidwanso ndipo zimapangidwa mudakali zaka zochepa kuti zimange mbewu yabwino kwambiri mtsogolo.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu imagwira mosiyanasiyana kudulira, popeza mawonekedwe a korona wa shrub ndi ofunika kwambiri, omwe amatha kukhala piramidi, ozungulira, kapena zokwawa, mwachitsanzo, ma lilacs aku Hungary, machoneaster, honeysuckle amakhala ndi mphukira zatsopano atadulira pang'ono zimachitika kutalika konse kwa nthambi, ndipo mu ma Rhododendrons, maluwa achikasu, kudulira kochepa kumayambitsa kufa kwa nthambi zonse ngakhale chitsamba chonse, popeza mbewu izi zilibe kuphukira kwa nthambi zotsika.
Nthawi zambiri kwambiri m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia, makamaka m'malo opezekako, zitsamba zokongoletsera zimavutika chisanu chazizira kapena kumapeto kwa nyengo yophukira kapena koyambilira kwa nthawi yophukira. Zowonongeka za nyengo yozizira zimasiyanasiyana: kufa chifukwa cha kupangika kwa ayezi mu tinthu tosungika, ndikuwoneka mabowo ndi ming'alu pa mphukira, ndi imfa ya maluwa, ndi kuzizira kwa nthambi, mizu kapena mbali zina za korona.
Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa zitsamba, ndipo makamaka mabulosi amabulosi (raspberries, gooseberries), kumayambitsa kuyanika kwa dzinja.
Njira zothanirana ndi kuzizira kwa mbewu ndicho, choyambirira, kusankha koyenera kwa malo obzala zitsamba, chisamaliro mosamalitsa komanso kukonzekera bwino kwa nyengo yozizira. Tizilombo tina tosiyanasiyana komanso matenda osiyanasiyana zimakulitsa mkhalidwe wa mbewu, zomwe zimachepetsa nyengo yachisanu yopanda mbewu. Chifukwa chake, kusamalira tizilombo nthawi zonse ndikuwongolera matenda ndi imodzi mwazinthu zabwino pakupanga nyengo yachisanu kwa mbewu.
Kuteteza ku kuzizira kwa mizu ndi gawo lakumunsi la mphukira, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthaka komanso matalala osungidwa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudzaza pansi ndi kutalika kwa 15 - 20 cm pansi pa chitsamba. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nthambi za spruce, udzu kapena kompositi yoboola bwino. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika malinga ndi nyengo kumapeto kwa Novembala - kumayambiriro kwa Disembala. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuteteza zitsamba zokhala ndi chitsa chachikulu, ndipo koposa zonse chifukwa cha mitengo yayikulu ya maluwa, mitengo ya maapulo ndi mbewu zina. Madontho osinthika achichepere ayenera kugwada, kukhazikika, kupereka malo oyimirira, ndikakutidwa ndi dziko lapansi. Chapakatikati, kumapeto kwa chisanu, mbewu zimamasulidwa ku malo osungirako zinyama ndipo, ngati zingafunike, dulani malo owonongeka a shrub.
Momwe mungapangire zitsamba zokongoletsera ma hedges
Ma Hedgerows amatumikiranso mofananamo kutsatsa masamba, komanso kukongoletsa kwawo. Pomanga khoma lalitali pafupi ndi mpanda, hawthorn, sea buckthorn, derain, viburnum, m'chiuno mwapamwamba ndipo zina ndizoyenera kwambiri. Spirea (oak leaved, pakati, Wangutta), currant, cotoneaster, privet, honeysuckle, mock-up, lelel apamwamba ndi oyenera kwambiri poyenda pakati barberry. M'malire otsika, mpaka 1 - 1,2 m, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito spiraea wa Bumald, barberry wa Tunberg, holly mahonia, quince waku Japan, boxwood, privet, msondodzi wofiirira, Holly wamba, etc.
Posachedwa, wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amabzala ndipo amapanga ma hedomet okhala ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika a geometric, makamaka amakona kapena amawombera tapering kumtunda. Ndi kudulira, udzuwo umawululidwa pang'onopang'ono, popeza umalandira kuwala kwambiri, mpweya ndi madzi mu mawonekedwe a mpweya. Dothi loterolo limaphimba malowo mosamala ndi maso ake, limateteza ku mphepo, komanso limapangitsa malowo kuti lizioneka bwino.
Zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi mizu yambiri ndikuzunguliridwa, ndizodzala ndi mipanda, sizili zoyenera kwa iwo.
Mukakhazikitsa hedge, ndikofunikira kugula zinthu zodzala bwino kwambiri. Mukamagula mbande mumbale kapena m'matumba, onetsetsani kuti mbewuyo ndi yotani. Mbande izikhala yofanana kutalika, masamba obiriwira athanzi labwino. Masamba a brown, kukula kwa mbali imodzi kumawonetsa kusakhazikika kwa mbewuzi.
Makamaka yenderani mbande mosamala ndi mizu yotseguka.
Chizindikiro choyipa ndi kupezeka kwa mizu youma, yowonongeka kapena yosakhazikika bwino mu mbande ndikukula kwawo.
Kudula mipanda kumachitika bwino pogwiritsa ntchito lumo wamagetsi kapena ma handbook.
Kuti asunge zomangamanga, maonekedwe a geometric, maudzu amafunika kumeta nthawi zonse. Mu zaka zoyambirira za kupangidwa kwa korona, ndikofunikira kuti zitheke bwino pamtunda wonse womwe mbewu ikapangidwa.
Ndikwabwino kumeta tsitsi kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira (Okutobala-Novembala) komanso koyambirira kwamasika (Marichi - Epulo). Ndipo momwe mungachepetse mpanda kuchokera ku zitsamba zowola? Amawadula kwambiri, kusiya mpaka 10 cm kukula kwa chaka chino. Chaka chotsatira, mphukira zidapanganso kufupikitsa ndipo zimatero ku kukula kwa dothi.
Zitsamba zina zimafuna kudulira pafupipafupi; kufunika kwake kumatha kutsimikizika ndikukulitsa korona.
Motani komanso liti kuti muchepetse wowumbirayo
Mwayi waukulu wamabodza ndi kuthekera kokongoletsa bwino makoma osayang'ana nyumba, mitengo yakufa, makonde, zipilala, ma trellis, zipilala, ndi zina zambiri. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mipesa imakhala ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimawalola kuti azikhazikika pazothandizira zilizonse.
Kudulira mipesa ndi njira yofunikira yosungira kukongoletsa kwa mbewu ndikuwongolera kukula kwawo.
Kufunika kwa kudulira kukufotokozedwa ndikuti mbewu izi sizingokhala zokha pachithunzi, chifukwa chake zimagwiritsa ntchito nyumba, mitengo, miyala ndi zina zambiri ngati thandizo.
Muyenera kudula mitengo ya mpesa ngati mbewu zina zonse. Zomera zomwe zimamera pachimera chaka chathachi (Marichi - Juni) zimadulidwa mutangotulutsa maluwa, pomwe mphukira zofowoka ndikukula ndipo nthambi zokhazikika zimachotsedwa.
Mitundu yonse yamaluwa yophukira chaka chino, monga honeysuckle, clematis, imadulidwa kumayambiriro kwamasika. Izi zimathandiza kuti mbewu ipange achinyamata ambiri, maluwa ophukira.
Mipesa yodzikongoletsera yomwe idakulitsa masamba okongola ndi mphukira, makamaka masamba okhala ndi mtundu wolemera wa yophukira, mwachitsanzo, mphesa za atsikana, ziyenera kudulidwa kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, mu Okutobala - Novembala.
Ndipo ndikadula mipesa yomwe masamba ake siigwa nthawi yachisanu? Nthambi zonse zimayenera kudulidwa koyambirira kwamasika.
Lianas amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kulima kwa arbor, ma sheds, makoma, amafunika kumathandiza kuti zinthu zikhale kudulira - kumapeto kwa Marichi - koyambirira kwa Epulo. Izi zimachotsa nthambi zonse ndi mphukira zomwe zimapitilira malire operekedwa ndi polojekiti, ndikupatsanso malo awa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Mukabzala nyemba zina m'mundamo, munthu sayenera kuyembekeza kuti m'zaka zoyambirira adzawonetsa zokongola zawo zonse. Zomera zokongola, zokongoletsa kwambiri zidzawonetsa kuthekera kwawo patatha zaka zochepa.
Momwe mungapangire zitsamba zokongola: pang'onopang'ono mutadulira (ndi kanema)
Zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi ziboliboli zomwe zimapezeka kuti ndi zabwino kwambiri zimadziwika kuti ndi zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za zitsamba zopindika. Kupanga ziwerengero zingapo kuchokera kuzitsamba, ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zimakutidwa bwino bwino kuchokera kumtunda mpaka pansi ndi masamba kapena singano.
Kuti muchite kuterera kwa tchire ndi manja anu, muyenera kusankha mbewu zoyenera ndikuzipanga moyenerera.
Njira yosavuta yokhala ndi chosema chamoyo m'mundamo ndikugula zitsamba mwanjira yomwe mukufuna. Zithunzi zabwino kwambiri zimapezeka pazomera zobiriwira monga boxwood, privet, holly, laurel chitumbuwa, laurel olemekezeka. Komabe, pakatikati pa Russia, mitundu yambiri ya masamba obiriwira nthawi zonse nthawi yozizira amaundana kapena kufa. Chifukwa chake, zitsamba zokhazikika zokha komanso zowoneka bwino ndizomwe zimatha kupanga ziboliboli zomwe zimakhala m'mundamo. Kwa ziwerengero zazing'ono, ndibwino kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito spirea, honeysuckle, squat elm, cotoneaster, barberry, mahonia, quince achi Japan, ndi zina zambiri.
Malamba ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi linden, hawthorn, spruce, hazel, elm-leved elm, mitengo ya mabulosi ndipo ena ambiri ndi oyenera kupanga ziwerengero zazikulu.
Ziwerengero zopangidwa kuchokera ku evergreens, ndipo koposa zonse boxwood, zimawoneka zokongola kwambiri. Ndikabwino bwanji kudula tchire kuti muzipanga ziboliboli zochokera kwa iwo? Zomerazo ziyenera kupangidwa mu chidebe choyenera kuti nthawi yozizira imasamutsidwe kuzipinda zamkati. Zomera zomwe ziboliboli zizipangidwazo zimabzalidwa panthaka zachonde, zovomerezeka ndi madzi m'malo owoneka bwino m'mundamo. Chitani zokongoletsera nokha kutchire kuti mupange ziboliboli zokhazokha zochokera pazomera zowoneka bwino zimapangidwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kapena kumapeto kwa kukula kwa mphukira.
Momwe mungadulira zitsamba ndi zithunzi za zida zodulira munda
Kuti mupange ndikudula zitsamba zokongoletsera, muyenera kukhala ndi chida choyenera ndikudziwa malamulo ogwiritsa ntchito. Chofunika kwambiri pantchitoyo ndi mtundu wa mindandanda.
Zida zaMunda ziyenera kukwaniritsa izi:
- khalani ndi maukono omasuka ndikuwongoleredwa;
- khalani opepuka komanso otetezeka momwe mungathere;
- pangani katundu wambiri, makamaka podula mphukira zakale.
Kodi kudula zitsamba kuwapatsa mawonekedwe omwe akufuna? Zida zazikuluzikulu zopangira zitsamba zokongoletsera ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo yamitengo, zodulira, zometa zamasamba, macheka ammunda, mipeni yamtunda, komanso magetsi wamagetsi odulira zitsamba. Ndipo pazida zothandizira mutha kusiyanitsa masitepe aminda, ma putti ndi magulovu ogwira ntchito.
Nthawi zambiri, wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito chida chotengera ndikudulira ndi zitsamba ngati chodulira. Ndikofunikira pakufupikitsa mphukira, kudula nthambi, kukulitsa korona. Kutalika kwa nthambi zodulidwa ndi ma secateurs sikuyenera kupitirira 1 - 2. M'masitolo olima mundawo mutha kugula masheya okhala ndi zingwe zazitali, zoyenera kudula nthambi zotalikirana mpaka 3-4 cm. kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe. Tsamba la zotumphukira zotere ziyenera kukulitsidwa bwino.
Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito secateurs okhala ndi mautali akuluakulu kuti muchotse, mphukira zothina za currants, gooseberries ndi zina zamabulosi - ndizabwino kwambiri kudula nthambi zamatchi.
Ma Shears amtunda ali ndi mautali azitali, mipeni yayitali (40 - 50 cm), ndikofunikira kwambiri kudula mipanda yayitali nawo.
Chida chofunikira kwambiri cham'munda wamalimi ndi macheka, ndikuthandizira pomwe masamba owuma, odwala kapena osweka amawadula, komanso nthambi zomwe zimakulitsa korona. Makamaka nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobwezeretsa zitsamba.
Mipeni ya m'munda imakhala ndi chogwirira ndi tsamba, imayenera kuwilitsidwa kwambiri nthawi zonse, chifukwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa magawo osagwirizana, kudula makungwa ndikudula nthambi zowonda.
Zithunzizi zikuwonetsa zida zopangira zitsamba zomwe wolima aliyense ayenera kukhala nazo:
