Bergamot ndi chakudya chodziwika bwino cha tiyi, komabe, ngakhale kuti chimakondedwa, sikuti aliyense amadziwa zomwe mbewu iyi ndi. Ndipo itha kukhala m'modzi wa oimira mabanja angapo nthawi imodzi. Mwachitsanzo, m'zaka za zana la 19 adayamba kutcha udzu waku North America - monster wa bergamot.
Mtengo wamtundu wamtchire wamtundu wa lalanje tsopano umadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wa bergamot. Zipatso zake sizikudya, amafanana ndi mapeyala. Zomera zonse ziwiri ndizofunikira mafuta, ndipo zimayamikiridwa makamaka chifukwa cha ichi, koma tiyi weniweni wa bergamot amakhala ndi mafuta omwe amakhala ndi zipatso, maluwa ndi masamba a bergamot citrus.
Kuphatikiza pa izi, dzina loti "bergamot" limaphatikizidwanso ndi mitundu yambiri ya peyala, zomwe zipatso zake zimafanana ndi bergamot. Tikhazikike mwatsatanetsatane pazomera ziwiri zoyambirira:
Mitundu ya Bergamot
Monarda Bergamot (bergamot munda) ndi membala wa banja lomveka bwino (labioecious). Pakati pa udzu wapachaka komanso wamuyaya wobiriwira, wofika mita 1.5 kutalika, mapesi ake ndi nthambi zowongoka, masamba ake ndi osavuta kufota.
Fungo la monarda ndilofanana kwambiri ndi bergamot (yotulutsidwa ndi masamba), kukoma kwake kwabwino kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri azonse padziko lonse lapansi, mwachitsanzo, pakukonzekera kwa vermouth. Ndizosangalatsa kuti ngakhale masamba owuma amakhalabe ndi zonunkhira zake kwakanthawi.
Fungo lokhazikika limadziwikanso ndi maluwa, kuwonjezera apo, amawoneka okongoletsa kwambiri. Maluwa akayamba, dimba limadzaza ndi maluwa oyera, achikaso, ofiira, ofiirira, amtundu wamaluwa, ofiira, komanso maluwa amtundu wautali pafupifupi masentimita 7. M'mitundu ina ya monarda, kapangidwe ka maluwa ndi 2-tier.
Bergamot Orange Ichi ndi chosakanizidwa chochokera muzu wamazu. Zipatso za Bergototi sizipezeka paliponse mwachilengedwe, chifukwa ndizotsatira za kuyesayesa kwa munthu amene amadutsa lalanje ndi zipatso. Mwambiri, ndi mtengo wobiriwira womwe umakwezeka pamwamba pamtunda ndi mamita 2 mpaka 10. Pa nthambi ndizitali (mpaka 10c) masentimita ofunda, owala osakanikirana ndi khungu lozungulira la ovoid-oblong, masamba obiriwira.
Kununkhira kwamaluwa kumakhala kokwanira kwambiri ngakhale kuti iwo eni ake ndi amitundu komanso amakhala ndi mtundu woyera kapena wofiirira. Zipatso zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ooneka ngati peyala zimadziwika ndi chipolopolo chadzaza 3, ndipo mkati mwa nyama yogawanika mosavuta ndi mbewu zosowa.
Pa kucha (Novembala-Disembala) amakhala ndi mkoma wowawasa. Malalanje a Bergamot amakula kwambiri m'minda yomwe ili m'chigawo cha Italy cha Calabria, komanso ku Argentina, Brazil ndi ku America dziko la Georgia.
Kubzala kunja ndi kusamalira kwa Bergoti
Tizikumbukira kuti zipatso za malalanje ndizomera zakum'mwera kwambiri zomwe sizingathe kupanga popanda kutentha kwambiri ndi kuwala, m'malo athu momwe timangodzifunira tokha kuti tisankhe msonkho. Kusazindikira kwake komanso kuuma kwa nyengo yachisanu kumangoyambitsa izi.
Pobzala bergamot ya m'munda, mutha kusiyanitsa dera lopepuka komanso losalala. Njira yotsirizayi ili ndi mwayi umodzi, womwe tidzakambirana pambuyo pake, ngakhale kuti pali drawback, yomwe imadziwonetsa mu kuchepa kwa kununkhira kwa fungo. Kukula, ma monchi amapanga makatani otalika oti pakhale malo okwanira - mtunda pakati pa mizere umasungidwa pamtunda wa 60-70 cm.
Kutsirira ndikofunikira makamaka munyengo yotentha, pamalo otseguka. Kuchita pafupipafupi njirayi kumathandizira kupewa matenda a powdery mildew.
Ma Blueberries amakhalanso ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito zonse zaiwisi komanso pokonza mbale zosiyanasiyana. Chimakula nthawi yobzala komanso chisamaliro poyera, popanda zovuta, malinga ndi malamulo onse aukadaulo aulimi. Mutha kupeza malingaliro onse ofunikira m'nkhaniyi.
Dothi la bergamot
Palibe zofunika zapansi panthaka, koma ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zopepuka. Pamadothi olemera a marshy komanso acidic, monarda samakula, koma ndizovuta kulekerera olemera.
Dothi losauka musanabzalidwe ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musakanize ndi feteleza wovuta. Popewa kugonjetsedwa ndi ufa womwewo pakatikati, nthaka iyenera kuzingidwa, pogwiritsa ntchito peat kapena humus.
Kuyika kwa Bergoti
Bergamot amakhala bwino pamalo okhazikika kwa zaka 5-7, ngati malamulo osamalira ndi kubzala akatsatiridwa. Zidutswa zamasamba zochepetsedwa komanso tinthu tofowoka zimachitira umboni kuti zikufunika kuziwika. Kuyika, ndikukumba pansi pa dzenjaku ndiwophimbidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe kuphatikiza ndi mchenga ndi dothi laminda.
Kukonzekera kwa mpando kuyenera kuyamba kumapeto. Kukonzekera kofunikira kumaphatikizapo kukumba, kuyeretsa namsongole, kuthira feteleza (manyowa okwanira 2-3 kg pa lalikulu mita, peat kapena kompositi, superphosphate - 40-50 magalamu ndi mchere wa potaziyamu - 20-30 magalamu).
Dothi la Acidic limadziwika bwino (40 magalamu a mandimu pa mita imodzi). Kasupe ndi nthawi yothira dothi ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni (20-30 magalamu pa mita imodzi).
Kudulira kwa Bergoti
Ndi kuchotsedwa kwanthaŵi yake kwa inflorescence kosachedwa, ndikutheka kuwonjezera nthawi yamaluwa ndikukhalabe pamtunda wazomera zokongoletsera.
Mitundu yomwe imakonda phokoso la ufa, mphukira amalimbikitsidwa kufupikitsidwa kumizu.
Maluwa a Bergoti
Maluwa a Bergamot amatulutsa nthawi yayitali, zomwe sizingasangalatse anthu ambiri ogwira ntchito m'mundamu, popeza ndimtengo wabwino kwambiri wa uchi.
Nthawi yobzala imayamba mu Marichi, maluwa ambiri amabwera kumayambiriro kwa Julayi, mbewu zimayamba mu Ogasiti. Kutalika konse kwa nyengo yakukula ndi masiku 170-180.
Chikhalidwe chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukana chisanu. Komanso, nthawi yozizira, okhazikika kale mitu ndi mbewu kukhalabe yokongoletsa.
Kukula kwa Mbeu ya Bergoti
Mbewu zambiri za monarda zimapangidwa koyamba, kuyambira pansi, whorl. Alibe nthawi yopuma. Kufesa poyera kuyenera kuchitika mu Meyi, ndikukulitsa 1-2 masentimita m'nthaka.
Kukula kofesedwa kwabwinoko ndi magalamu 0,5 pachikuta chilichonse, amathanso kugawidwa posakanikirana ndi mchenga. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kumera ndi 20 ℃.
Poyamba, mbande zimamera pang'onopang'ono, motero zimafunikira kumera udzu. Kupitilira apo, mbande ziyenera kudulidwa - ndi 10 cm, kenako masentimita 20. Maluwa adzayamba mchaka chachiwiri.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Mitundu yokhazikika yokhazikika yamakhothi ndiosakhazikika pofewa, kuwonjezera apo, imakhudzidwa ndi dzimbiri ndi kachilombo ka fodya. Kuthandizira kwa mbewu makamaka ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mbewu zikukula.
Nthawi zambiri chinyezi chimalowa mu dothi, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti matenda omwe ali pamwambawa achitike, koma ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti sichikhala pamtengowo. Njira zina zomwe zanenedwa kale m'nkhaniyi ndi mulching ndikudyetsa (musakhale achangu kwambiri ndi nayitrogeni).
Monarda yokha imadziwika ndi kukaniza tizirombo tambiri tomwe tili padziko lapansi chifukwa cha mafuta ofunikira m'mizu.
Bergamot yopindulitsa katundu ndi contraindication
Mphamvu yakuchiritsa ya bergamot imagona mu mafuta ake ofunikira, omwe ali ndi zotsatira zoyipa ndi antiseptic. Pochizira matenda a bronchitis, radiation matenda ndi salmonellosis, mafuta a monarda amaposa zonse, ndipo mafuta a bergamot a zipatso omwe amawonjezeredwa ku tiyi amathandizira thupi kuyambiranso pambuyo pa chemotherapy.
Ambiri amva za zopindulitsa za tiyi wakuda ndi wobiriwira wokhala ndi bergamot, ndipo mwachiwonekere samalandidwa mawonekedwe awo amakoma. Mitundu yonseyi ya tiyi imakhala ndi phindu pa dongosolo lamkati lamanjenje, ndipo mukatha kudya m'mawa mumamva kusangalala "kosangalatsa".
Kuphatikiza apo, zobiriwira zimathandizira kupumula ndikuchepetsa nkhawa, zimapanga mphamvu yatsiku lotentha. Mphamvu za tiyi wa bergamot ziyeneranso kukhala ndi kusintha kwa chakudya cham'mimba - gawo la zipatso limalepheretsa chakudya, kumalimbikitsidwa ndi tiyi wakuda, ndikuwonjezera ma peristalsis.
Chifukwa cha izi, palibe chimodzi mwazomwe zolakwika zazikulu za tiyi wakuda zimachotsedwa - adafotokozera thandizo pakupanga kudzimbidwa, komanso pali mwayi wokuchotsa kwathunthu. Wokhala ndi tiyi pang'ono, kumwa tiyi wa bergamot kumathandizanso kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikuthandizira kuchotsa mafuta m'thupi, mwakutero amapindula ndi mtima komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima.
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zochepa zomwe zikuwonetsedwa kwa amayi oyamwitsa (mwachidziwikire, pang'ono), monga momwe zimakongoletsera katundu wa lactational. Monga antioxidant yachilengedwe, bergamot imathandizira pakuchotsa poizoni ndikuwongoletsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma free radicals.
Bergamot zotsutsana
Komabe, zoyipa, makamaka tiyi wobiriwira, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa. Ena amalangizidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito zakuda zokha, chifukwa chakuti zimakhala ngati zobiriwira kupumula thupi ndi kutsitsa libido.
China chomwe chimakhala ndi tiyi wobiriwira yemwe amalankhula momveka bwino osapindulitsa ndi zomwe zili m'mabokosi apamwamba a khofi.
Bergamot Jam
Ngakhale kuli kwofunikira kwambiri pakukonzekera zakumwa zingapo m'malo ena olowera, bergamot ndi mlendo wosayembekezeka. Ngakhale kuchokera mbale iyi, yomwe ili gawo lake, musakhale ochepera.
Izi zikuphatikiza ma plamu kupanikizika ndi chithokomiro komanso bergamot, kapangidwe kake kadzafunika:
- 1 kg wakuda wopanda mbewu,
- 3 cloves wa adyo
- Supuni zitatu zamchere,
- 400 magalamu a shuga a bulauni
- 100 ml ya viniga wa basamu,
- tsinde la mandimu,
- Supuni ziwiri za nandolo zapinki,
- Supuni 1 imodzi ya paprika
- Supuni 1 yakuda,
- supuni imodzi ndi theka agar-agar,
- Masamba atatu a bergamot.
Pogaya ma pulamu a plum mu blender mpaka yosenda, kuphwanya adyo mu adyo ndikuwonjezera ku puree. Kenako yikani mchere, shuga, viniga, thyme ndi bergamot. Timayika zomwe zidatenga ola limodzi ndi theka mu uvuni kuti tiwotchere mpaka 150 ℃.
Pambuyo pa nthawi yomwe yatchulidwa, timapeza kupanikizana, kusakaniza tsabola ndi paprika kwa iyo ndikubweretsanso ku uvuni, tsopano kwa mphindi 15. Yakwana nthawi yochepetsa agar-agar kutsatira malangizo ndi kuwonjezera kupanikizana mutatuluka mu uvuni. Sakanizani chotsirizidwa chotsanulira ndikuthira mumtsuko.
Bergamot tincture
Bergot yochokera ku mankhwala kulowetsedwa zakonzedwa kuchokera:
- 100 magalamu a zamkati,
- 300 t madzi otentha.
M'pofunika kukometsa chidwi mkati mwa maola 4, ndiye kuti ziyenera kusefedwa. Chifukwa chake, tsiku lililonse munthu amamwa anti-zingotic, ndipo amatha kulandira mankhwala opangira mavitamini awiri pakudya kamodzi (nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi supuni ziwiri za uchi).
Kukonzekera tincture wa bergamot muyenera:
- peel wa zipatso watsopano (50 magalamu),
- 70% mowa (100 ml).
Osakaniza amayenera kumuchilikiza kwa masiku 10 m'chipinda chotenthetsera. Pambuyo pakuchita kusefa, imatha kumwa supuni kawiri pa tsiku musanadye (kwa theka la ola) ngati chosangalatsa.
Tiyi yobiriwira ndi bergamot
Mwambiri, sikofunikira konse kugula tiyi wa bergamot pamsika. Pali maphikidwe obwera ndi zakumwa izi, ndipo nayi imodzi mwazo - za tiyi wa chilimwe kuti mutsitsimutse kutentha kwa tiyi:
- tiyi wobiriwira (uzitsine);
- bergamot (20 magalamu);
- mandimu (3 zidutswa);
- shuga (40 magalamu);
- madzi (1 lita).
Thirani tiyi wobiriwira mu teapot, yomwe m'mbuyomu inali yovunda ndi madzi otentha. Payokha, timasenda masamba a bergamot m'mbale youma. Kupereka tiyi kuti muyike, kusakaniza ndi bergamot yemweyo.
Timadikirira mpaka zonsezi zitakonzedwa, kusefedwa, kuthiridwa mu nkhungu ndi kuziyika mufiriji. Finyani msuziwo ku ndimu, sakanizani mu shuga ndi madzi. Timapisa ayezi, ndikuthira m'magalasi ndi madzi a mandimu. Imwani chakumwa chozizira!
Tiyi yakuda yokhala ndi bergamot
Chinsinsi china cha tiyi wa bergamot, tsopano nthawi yozizira, tonic, imalimbitsa thupi, zimathandizira kulimbana ndi chimfine, chimaperekedwa pansipa:
- tiyi wakuda (supuni ziwiri);
- bergamot youma (1/4 chikho).
Teapot imayatsidwa pasadakhale, itsanulira tiyi ndi kuthira 2/3 madzi otentha. Bwerezaninso bergamot padera ndikuumirira mphindi 20.
Timasakaniza infusions tonse ndi kuthira bergamot mu tiyi. Zachitika! Chomwacho chimakhala chotsekemera makamaka ngati uchi wawonjezeredwa kwa iwo.
