Mitundu yabwino yamatcheri ku dera la Moscow: kubzala, kusamalira ndi zithunzi

M'mayiko ambiri ku Europe, mawu oti "chitumbuwa" ndi "chitumbuwa" ali ndi matembenuzidwe amodzimodzi. Ndipo izi ndizomveka, popeza ali pachibwenzi. Koma ngakhale maulalo awa sangasinthe ma Cherry wowawasa kukhala makeke okoma. Kwa zaka zambiri, obereketsa akhala akubweretsa mitundu yambiri yamatcheri osiyanasiyana obzala m'malo ang'onoang'ono ndi madera ena akumpoto.

Mitundu yabwino yamatcheri ku dera la Moscow: kufotokozera

Kukula kwamatcheri okoma nthaka yachonde yofunikakomanso dzuwa lokwanira. Koma zigawo zozizira za Moscow sizoyenera, chifukwa obereketsa adapanga mitundu yatsopano yolimbana ndi chisanu. Odziwika kwambiri ndi awa: Iput, Revna, pinki Bryansk, Tyutchevka, Fatezh.

Chitumbuwa cha Pinki Bryansk

Zipatso zamtundu wamtunduwu ndizovomerezeka m'mimba mwake mpaka 3,000 mm, ndipo zimalemera 5-7 g. Mtundu wa zipatso ndi pinki, ndipo mnofu ndi wachikasu. Mkati mwake mwala wonyezimira, wolemera 8-9% ya kulemera konse kwa chitumbuwa. Kukoma kwa zipatso kumakhala kowutsa mudyo komanso kokoma. Makulidwe ndi kutalika kwa tsinde ndi avareji.

Bryansk chitumbuwa chili ndi nthawi yakucha. Kubzala kumachitika pafupifupi zaka 5 mutabzala. Ndi mtengo wodziyimira pawokha, chifukwa chake, umafunanso kupukutidwa. Maluwa a Cherry amayamba kumayambiriro kwa Meyi. Zipatso zipse kumapeto kwa June. Kupanga kumafika pafupifupi 79 Ts / ha, koma mwinanso zochulukirapo.

Bryansk chitumbuwa chokoma, pafupifupi 2.1-2.7 m, ali ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka nthambi, masamba ndi akulu komanso obiriwira. Kufikira maluwa atatu ang'onoang'ono omwe amapezeka mu inflorescence, stigma ndi pestle ali pamlingo womwewo, chikhochi chili ngati galasi, manda alibe serigation. Brown chitumbuwa chimaphuka ndi maluwa otuwa.

Mtundu wamtunduwu uli ndi kuthekera kumodzi: kulephera kudzipukuta. Koma izi sizowopsa kwambiri, chifukwa pali mitengo ina yomwe imagulitsa mungu: awa ndi mitundu: Revna, Tyutchevka, Iput. Ubwino wa Bryansk chitumbuwa chokoma ndi monga:

• Zipatso sizimasanja nyengo yamvula.
• Mtengo sukulimbana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus omwe amabadwa mumtunduwu.
• Kulekerera kwabwino kwambiri chisanu.
• Imayenda bwino pamtunda wautali.
• Zozungulira kwenikweni sizikhudza chipatso.

Kalasi Iput

Zipatso zamitundu iyi yamitundu yamitundu yambiri zimalemera pafupifupi 5-5.7 g. Maonekedwe a chipatsocho ndi ozungulira, m'mimba mwake pafupifupi 3,000 mm. Mtundu wa zipatsozo ndi burgundy, ndipo utakhwima kwathunthu, umakhala wakuda.

Ili ndi chipinda chaching'ono komanso chokulirapo. Mwala wolemera pafupifupi 0,4 g, mthunzi wonyezimira wowongola, umayenda bwino kuchokera pa zamkati. Zipatsozi ndizokoma kwambiri, zonunkhira komanso zokongola.

Mtundu wa chitumbuwa choyambirira. Ayamba kubala zipatso pafupifupi zaka 5. Monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa ndi yopanda chonde, ndiye kuti mitundu inanso yamitengo ndiyofunika kupukutidwa. Maluwa amapezeka molawirira kwambiri. Njira yakucha kwathunthu kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa Meyi. Zotulutsa zipatso zimakhala pafupifupi 85 Ts / ha, ndipo m'zaka zina zimatha kufikira 150 Ts / ha.

Zosiyanasiyana Iput ndizokwera kwambiri, pafupifupi 3.7-4.2 m. Korona wa chikhalidwe ichi ndi wandiweyani, ali ndi masamba ambiri mawonekedwe a piramidi. Masamba obiriwira odera obiriwira amakhala ndi magawo awiri. Mu inflorescence mpaka maluwa oyera anayi. Ma pichesi ndi ma stamens ali pamlingo womwewo.

Zoyipa zamitundu iyi, komanso mtundu wa mtengo wolongosoledwa pamwambapa, zimaphatikizapo kusatheka kwa kudziyambitsa, komwe kumafunanso owonjezera mungu.

Ubwino waukulu wa Iput ndi:

• Kupambana kwabwino ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
• Imanyamulidwa bwino.
• Ogonjetsedwa ndi chisanu.
• Masamba oterewa amathandizanso masika a masika.
• Amapereka zokolola zabwino komanso zabwino pachaka.
• Kuguza kwa chipatso ndi wandiweyani.
• Ndi mitundu yoyambirira.

Zosiyanasiyana Fatezh

Kutalika kwa chikhalidwe ichi sifika osaposa 3.5-4,5 m. Mtengowo umakhala ndi korona wamaso ngati mpira, komanso nthambi zotumphukira. Masamba, monga lamulo, amakhala owongoka komanso akuluakulu, okhala ndi ubweya wakuya wobiriwira ndi bweya pang'ono. Mphukira sizimasiyana mu mitundu ina. Mu inflorescence imakhala ndi maluwa ambiri oyera oyera.

Mtundu uwu wa chitumbuwa umaonedwa kuti ndi wam'bandakucha. Ayamba kubereka kwa pafupifupi zaka 5. Sitha kupukutidwa ndekha, chifukwa chake mitengo yowonjezera ndiyofunika kupukutidwa, kutulutsa munthawi yomweyo ndimatcheri. Pakupukutira kwabwino kwambiri, yankho la uchi limagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.

Cherry maluwa nthawi kumayambiriro kwa Juni. Kucha kwathunthu kumachitika mu Julayi. Zokolola za pachaka kuchokera pamtengo umodzi zimakhala pafupifupi 60 kg, zomwe ndizambiri.

Zipatsozo ndizapakatikati kukula, zolemera pafupifupi 4.5-5.1 gr. Chimodzi-chamtundu umodzi, chokhala ndi tint yofiirira. Zamkati ndi yowutsa mudyo, kuchoka ku fupa bwino. Mwalawo uli ndi kulemera kwa 6-7% ya kulemera konse kwa mabulosi. Kukoma kwa zipatso kumakhala kokoma komanso wowawasa.

Zoyipa zamitundu ya Fatezh:

• Mtundu wa chitumbuwa chokoma chotere sichimalola kukhalapo kwa namsongole, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyeretsa pansi pafupi ndi mtengo.
• Osauka amalekerera mphepo zamphamvu.
• Palibe mphamvu yodzipukusa, yomwe imafuna mitengo ina yomwe imaphuka nthawi yomweyo ndi iyo.

Phindu la mitundu iyi Zina ndizophatikizira:

• Chipatsochi chimadziwika kuti ndi zipatso zambiri.
• Kucha zipatso mwachangu.
• Kupambana kwabwino ndi chisanu.
• Mtengo sukulimbana ndi matenda monga cocomycosis ndi moniliosis.
• Sifunika pafupipafupi kuthirira.
• Zosiyanasiyana za Fatezh zingakhale zokongoletsera zabwino kwambiri pazomwe mumapanga.
• Cherimu wokoma ali ndi chiwonetsero chokongola.

Zosiyanasiyana Tyutchevka

Mitundu iyi imakhala ndi korona yozungulira. Impso ndizapakatikati kukula, mawonekedwe a cone. Masamba-ovunda pansi ndi masamba otsogola pamwamba ali nawo wobiriwira wowala wokhala ndi mawonekedwe oyaka. Ziweto zazing'ono komanso zazingwe, zokhala ndi mitsempha yautoto. Mtengo uwu ndi wa kutalika kwapakatikati.

Mu inflorescence osiyana, nthawi ya maluwa, pali maluwa anayi, corolla mu mawonekedwe a saucer, ma petals akuyanjana wina ndi mnzake, ma anthers ali pamtunda womwewo, kapu ili ngati galasi, manda sanatchulidwe. Zoyala ndi ma pestle ofanana.

Kulemera kwa mabulosiwa ndi pafupifupi magalamu 5.3-7.4, ndipo m'mimba mwake pafupifupi 21-24 mm, ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Imakhala ndi burgundy kapena hue yofiira yakuda yokhala ndi madontho ang'ono. Ili ndi wandiweyani tsinde laling'ono lazipatso. Mwalawo, womwe umawonetsedwa m'mwamba, uli ndi pafupifupi 0,33-0.34 g., Mbewa wowoneka bwino. Imasiya bwino zamkati. Kuguwa palokha ndi kofiyira ndi utoto wabwino. Zipatso zake ndizaphikidwe, zokoma komanso zokongola.

Izi zimamasulira mosachedwa, motero, ndipo zipatso zimayimbidwanso. Kubala zipatso kumayamba pafupifupi zaka 5 mutabzala. Zokolola ndizambiri, pafupifupi 100 Ts / ha, ndipo mchaka chabwino amatha 300 Ts / ha. Mitundu iyi imadzipukutira tokha.

Ma cherries osiyanasiyana awa alibe zolakwika zoonekeratu, kuphatikiza kuti zipatsozo zimatha kuwonongeka nyengo yabwino kwambiri, koma sizichitika nthawi zonse, zomwe zimakhudza chitumbuwa chamtunduwu bwino kwambiri ndipo ambiri okhala chilimwe monga icho.

Ubwino wa mitundu ya Tyutchevka:

• Kukaniza matenda ambiri.
• Zipatso zimakhala ndi mayendedwe abwino kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizitha kuyenda mtunda wautali.
• Ndi mtundu wololera kwambiri.
• Zosiyanazi ndizodzilimbitsa, zomwe zimakhala ndi phindu pochita zabwino, koma ngati ma pollinators owonjezera apezeka, izi zimangokulitsa zipatso.
• Ogonjetsedwa ndi chisanu.
• Zipatsozi ndizabwino kwambiri komanso ndizonunkhira.

Zosiyanasiyana Revna

Zipatso za mtengowu, monga lamulo, ndizofanana kukula, palibe zazing'ono kapena zazikulu, zolemera pafupifupi 4.5 gramu. Maonekedwe a chipatso amadziwika ndi batani lalikulu lokhala ndi utulu wozungulira. Mtundu wa zipatso ndi burgundy, ndipo pakucha kwathunthu kumakhala kwakuda. Kuguza kwake ndi kofiyira kwambiri, m'malo mopyapyala. Ili ndi peduncle yaying'ono yapakatikati. Fupa limasiya zamkati bwino, limakhala ndi kuwala kowirira. Zipatso zake ndizabwino kwambiri.

Mtengowu umayamba kubala zipatso pafupifupi zaka 5 mutabzala. Amayamba maluwa kumapeto kwa Meyi, koma zipatso zimacha kumapeto kwa Julayi.

Mitundu iyi imadzipukutira tokha, koma mitengo yowonjezerera kupukutira, monga mitundu ina yamatcheri kapena Iput chitumbuwa, imangokulitsa zipatso. Zokolola zapamwamba zimakhala pafupifupi 120 Ts / ha, koma pafupifupi 70 Ts / ha.

Zosiyanasiyana zikukula mwachangu, kutalika kwapakati, korona sakhala wokongola kwambiri ngati piramidi. Zipatso zonse zimapezeka pakumphukira pa mtengo. Masamba osasinthika amtundu wobiriwira, wokhala ndi khungu lakuda, petioles ndi ochepa kukula. Mu inflorescence pali maluwa anayi a hue yoyera, omwe ali mwaulere. Zoyimira ndi ma pisitili ndizofanana kukula kwake.

Palibe zolakwika zoonekeratu zomwe zingafotokozedwe.

Ubwino wa Revna Izi zikugwira ntchito:

• Pa kalasi lotentha dzuwa sakhala likuwonetsedwa.
• Zipatso zimanyamula mayendedwe mtunda wautali.
• Zipatso zapamwamba kwambiri malinga ndi mawonekedwe ndi kakomedwe.
• Monga lamulo, matenda osiyanasiyana a fungus samakhudza mtengowu.
• Kukana kwambiri chisanu.

Muli chodzala ma cherries m'matawuni

Ma Cherries onse, mopanda kupatula, amakonda nthaka yachonde komanso dzuwa labwino. Nthaka yomwe sikulakalaka kukula kwamatcheri, monga yamatcheri, ndi miyala yamchenga ndi ma loams. Tsambalo likuyenera kusankhidwa kuti lizikhala bata. Zimafunikanso kuti okhala kwanu ali kale mitundu ingapo yamatcheri nthawi imodzi yakucha kuti mbewu izi zitha kupukutudzidwira pakati pawo.

Kubzala mitengo yamatcheri kapena yamatcheri m'malo oyandikira kuyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa chaka. Kukonzekera dzikolo kuti mulimidwe, musaiwale kuti mizu yopingasa ya mitundu iliyonse ndi yozama masentimita 35-85, ndipo yokhazikika imapita mpaka mamita 2.5. Chifukwa chake, njira yabwino ndikuchita izi: pagawo, m'malo mwa maenje, gwiritsani ntchito kulima.

Mu dzenje lopangidwa, 1/3 iyenera kuthiridwa ndi chisakanizo cha feteleza ndi nthaka. Asanatsike, mzati umakhazikika pansi pa dzenjelo. Kenako, chimango chaching'ono chimapangidwa pakatikati, mmera ndikuyika njerezo ndikukhazikitsa mzati, kenako ndikakumbidwa, ndikutsala ndikusiya masentimita 6 mpaka 6. Pamapeto pa kubzala, nthaka imadzaza ndikuthira.

Mtunda woyenera pakati pa mitengo ukhale wautali mamilimita kapena asanu ndi limodzi.

Momwe mungasamalire ma Cherie m'matumba:

• Mitundu yamatcheri aliwonse, monga yamatcheri, siyabwino kwa udzu, motero ndikofunikira kuchita mankhwalawa pafupi ndi mitengo.
• Kuti muteteze zipatso kwa mbalame, mitengo iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi ukonde wamundawo.
• Mitengo sikutha kugwidwa ndi matenda amtundu uliwonse, koma njira zodzitetezera zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitetezo: gwiritsani ntchito chosawerengeka, kudulira koyenera, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi njira zingapo zotetezera, komanso kukumba kwapadera padziko lapansi chaka chilichonse.
• Cherry ndi chitumbuwa sizikhala madzi ambiri, nthawi zambiri pachaka.
• Kubzala pakati pa yamatcheri amitundu yosiyanasiyana kumateteza ku chisanu nthawi yozizira. Komanso, nthawi iliyonse yophukira, ndikofunikira kukulunga mitengo ndi mapepala ndipo nthawi yozizira imawonjezera chipale chofewa kuti tiletse zipatsozi kuzizira.
• Kudyetsa kwamatcheri ndi yamatcheri, monga lamulo, manyowa amadzimadzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi feteleza pamitengo yazipatso. Koma kuvala pamwamba sikumawonjezeredwa pansi pa thunthu palokha, kumayikidwa pafupi ndi icho.
• Masika aliwonse, ndikofunikira kudulira mitengo ndikuchotsa nthambi zosweka, zowuma komanso zodwala. Komanso nthawi yophukira ndi masika ndikofunikira kupukutira mitengo ikuluikulu.

Munkhaniyi, tapenda mitundu yabwino kwambiri yamatcheri okoma chifukwa chodzala m'chigawo cha Moscow komanso madera apakati a Russia. Kuwona malamulo onse obzala ndi kusamalira mitengo, mutha kukwaniritsa zochuluka komanso zabwino zokolola za zipatsozi zokoma ndi zokoma. Kukonzekera mwaluso nyengo yachisanu, komanso kuteteza ndi kupewa matenda patsani nyumba yanu mitengo yazabwino yaubwino kwa zaka zikubwerazi. Ndipo mutabzala mitundu yomwe nthawi yayitali m'munda wanu, mutha kudzipatsa nokha zipatso zokoma m'chilimwe chonse ndikukonzekera kupanikizana kwa chaka chonse.