Zeedesia kapena calla - mbewu yomwe idabwera kwa ife kuchokera kumwera kwa Africa, ndi ya banja lodzipatulira. Mwachilengedwe, amakhala m'madambo. Mu nyengo yopanda mitambo, mbewu imayamba kununkhira bwino chinanazi. Mbewuyi ndi yosatha, yopanda udzu, yokhala ndi mphukira yotchedwa tuber.
M'zaka za XIX, katswiri wazomera wochokera ku Italy dzina lake Zantedeschi adapeza chomera ichi, chifukwa chomwe dzina lake linalemekezedwera. Mpaka pano, mitundu 6 ya zeedeskia yapezeka: yoyera, Ethiopia, zelyeskia Elliot, Remania, ndi ena. Amakula makamaka kumwera kwa Africa, kumadera otentha. Alinso udzu, alibe tsinde, muzu wawo ndi wokhazikika.
Kusamalira a Zelyescu kunyumba
Malo ndi kuyatsa
Zeedeschia imakonda kuwala, choncho muyenera kuyisunga m'chipinda chowunikira kwambiri, koma osayikiratu. Popeza kulibe kuwala kokwanira nthawi yachisanu, ndipo calla imayamba kuzolowera pang'onopang'ono, nthawi ya masika simuyenera kusiya nthawi yomweyo pazenera la tsiku lonse kuti pasakhale zovuta.
Kutentha
Zeedesia ndi chomera cha thermophilic, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusunga kutentha m'chipindacho pamwamba + madigiri. Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri kwa mbewuyi ndi pafupifupi + 22-23 madigiri. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kumatha kuchepetsedwa pafupifupi kawiri, mpaka madigiri +12.
Kuthirira
Choyamba, ndikofunikira kufotokoza kuti calla sayenera kuthiridwa m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira, mmalo mwake, kumafuna kuthirira kambiri. Madzi sayenera kulalidwa ndi kuzizira. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira sikofunikira kuchepetsa, ziyenera kukhala zofanana ndi chilimwe.
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Calla, wamkulu mu subtropics, amakonda kutentha kwambiri chinyezi, pafupi 85%. Chomera chimapopera mbewuzo kuchokera ku mfuti ndikuwaza masamba. Thumba lamadzi pansi pamphika liyenera kukhala lalikulu.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Pakati pa Okutobala mpaka Juni, calla iyenera kuphatikiza 2 kawiri pamwezi ndi chisakanizo chomera chamaluwa. Ngati mukufuna kuti chomera chikule msanga, sankhani feteleza okhala ndi phosphorous, pamene feteleza wa nayitrogeni ali ndi mwayi wokukula.
Thirani
Poto chomera ichi chimayenera kusankhidwa chodzaza ndi malo osakanikirana bwino a turf, humus, tsamba komanso malo a peat ndi mchenga malinga ndi 2: 1: 1: 1: 1.
Ndikofunikira kufalitsa calla mu June-Julayi, ikangomaliza maluwa. Kutsirira kumafunikira kuchepetsedwa, siyani kuthira manyowa, ndipo masamba akayamba kugwa, valani ndi dothi latsopano.
Kudulira
Kumayambiriro kwa theka lachiwiri la Julayi, zelyesia imafuna kudulira kwa mbewu yatsopano, chifukwa ngati simumawadulira, ndiye kuti kukula ndi kutulutsa kwa mbewuzo kumachepa.
Nthawi yopumula
Chomera chikataya maluwa omaliza, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kwambiri kuthirira. Maluwa akagwa kwathunthu - siyani konse. Mu theka lachiwiri la Julayi, muyenera kuchotsa mbewu pamphika, ndikuwugwedeza, ndikuwotcha masamba, ndikuwadulira.
Pambuyo pa njirazi, zelyescu itha kubzalidwe mumphika, ndi poto ndikuyiyika pawindo, koma nthawi yomweyo kukhalabe ndi kutentha pang'ono - mpaka madigiri 10. Poyamba, kuthirira kumafunikira m'malo ochepera, koma pakatha theka la mwezi amatha kupitilizidwa kukhala ochulukirapo. Pakati pa yophukira, muyenera kuwonjezera kutentha, mpaka madigiri pafupifupi +15.
Nthawi ya maluwa
Zaredescia ikafika zaka ziwiri, imatha kuphuka. Ndi maluwa ake, amasangalatsa diso lanu nthawi yonse yozizira, kuyambira Novembala. Mwa kusintha kutentha, mutha kulosera zenizeni nthawi yomwe chomera chimamasula. Mwakutero, imatha kutulutsa pachaka chonse, koma kwa calla, zingakhale bwino ngati mumatsatira "boma" likamasamba nthawi yozizira.
Pakupita zaka 2-4, calla imatha kutulutsa bwino, pambuyo pake mbewu zimamera, zomwe zimayenera kusinthidwa nthawi zonse ndikuzika chomera chatsopano.
Mapeto a maluwa, chomera chimayamba kusanduka chikaso, koma ngakhale izi zitheke, mizu ipitiliza kukula.
Kubwezeretsa kwa Zelyesk
Nthawi yodutsayo ikatha, zelyescia imayamba kutulutsa mphukira, yomwe imatha kuduladula kapena kudula ndikubzala mumphika wina. Kusakaniza kwa dothi ndikofanana ndi kwa wamkulu chomera, chimodzimodzi, koma popanda humus. Chomera chokhoma chokhoma chomwe chimafunikira kuthirira wambiri, patatha masiku angapo mutha kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la michere ya 50%, ndipo ngakhale pambuyo pake - njira yokhazikika ya 100%.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Mwa tizirombo tina mu calla titha kuzindikira ma spider nthata zomwe zimawoneka pa kutentha kwa +18 madigiri ndikupangitsa masamba kuyamba kutembenukira chikaso. Kuti mupewe izi, muyenera kupopera masamba nthawi zonse.
