Mfiti hazel - mfiti hazel

Hamamelis (Hamamelis) ndi mtundu wa zitsamba zomangira kuchokera ku banja la a Hamamelis (Hamamelidaceae).

Hamamelis virginianus (Hamamelis virginiana). Chithunzi cha Botanical kuchokera ku buku la "Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen", 1887

Mwachilengedwe, matsenga a hazel amakula m'nkhalango ndi m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ku East Asia ndi North America.

Mayina odziwika a Hazel amatsenga ndi "matsenga a matsenga" kapena "matsenga a mfiti". Zipatso za ufiti wa hazel zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri ofunikira, ndipo khungwa ndi nthambi za ufiti wa hazel ku Virginia ndi zakuwala, ndichifukwa chake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazamankhwala ndi mafakitale onunkhira.

Kuphatikiza pa dzina lachi LatinHamamelis, chomera ichi chimadziwika kuti "Witch's Nut", "Mchawi Hazel." Dzinali limachokera ku maluwa omaliza a mfiti hazel, zipatso zimapsa pokhapokha chilimwe chaka chamawa. Kuthengo, ufiti wa hazel umamera ku East Asia, pagombe lakummawa kwa North America komanso m'malo ena ku Caucasus. Witch hazel ali ndi mankhwala amtengo wapatali, kotero ku Europe nthawi zambiri amabzalidwa "m'minda yamapiritsi."

Masamba a hazel amatsenga ali ndi ma flavonoids, komanso ali ndi gulu lapadera lazinthu - ma tannins. Tannins ali ndi kutchulidwa kwachuma, komanso antibacterial action. Monga gawo la zodzola, mfiti ya hazel imafewetsa khungu, limathandizira kukhazikika pores, ndipo chifukwa cha antibacterial yake imalepheretsa kutukusira. Msuzi wa Hazel broth nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa kuti azisamalira khungu, amakonda kukhala ndi mafuta ambiri, kutupa.

Kutola ndi Kututa. Masamba amakolola mu yophukira komanso mwachangu koma youma bwino. Makungwa amachotsedwa panthambi. Imadulidwa m'mphete, kuduladula mainchesi 15 mpaka 20cm kapena kutalika. Khungwa lochotsedwa limawuma msanga padzuwa.

Mphamvu za machiritso a mfiti za hazel sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala. Zimathandizira kutuluka kwamadzi kuchokera ku ziwiya zazikulu komanso kulimbitsa makoma amitsempha, chifukwa chake, zimathandiza kupewa mitsempha ya varicose. Izi zimatha kuchita za ufiti wa hazel zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dermatocosmetology kukonza mawonekedwe owonjezera a mtima kumaso.

Hamamelis japanese (Hamamelis japonica)

Mfiti yooneka ngati chitsamba ku Virginia ili ndi korona wosakhwima ndi nthambi zotambasulidwa ndi khungwa lakale la bulauni komanso kuwala kwamtambo wachinyamata. Mpaka nthawi yophukira, yomwe imakhala ndi dzira kapena masamba osalala (kutalika kwa 7-15 masentimita, m'lifupi mpaka 8 cm), yobiriwira pamtunda ndi wobiriwira wopepuka, pubescent m'mitsempha yomwe ili pansipa, shrub imangobweretsa mitundu yaying'ono yokha pamtundu wobiriwira wamba. Koma posachedwa, masamba amasintha: choyamba amatembenukira mamvekedwe awiri (kamvekedwe kobiriwira kamasanduka kaso, kuyambira pamphepete), kenako amatembenukira chikasu chagolide, nthawi zina amapeza ubweya wofiyira. Komanso, chaka chilichonse mtundu umakhala wosiyana ndipo zimatengera nyengo nyengo. Kumapeto kwa Seputembala, masamba akadalipo, nthambi zamaluwa zimayamba kutupa. Tsiku lililonse, chitsamba chimasintha ngati chomera: masamba amaphuka pang'onopang'ono, kuphimba dothi ndi mitundu yobiriwira yachikaso komanso yobiriwira carmine-ndipo maluwa amawonjezeka. M'matumba a masamba, pa masamba ofupikitsidwa, maluwa 2-9 amatulutsa. Iliyonse - pamiyala inayi yachikasu (kutalika mpaka 2 cm), yopindika mosiyanasiyana. Pamodzi ndi zipatso zomwe zikhalamo, zopepuka zowoneka bwino zofiirira pamtunda wa 12-14 mm, zimakongoletsa nthambi zokhazikitsidwa ndi masamba mwezi wina. Pomwe zipsa, zipatsozo zimasweka mosiyanasiyana m'mizere iwiri, zimapatsa mbewu kuti zikulimbikitse ndikuzimwaza pamphepete mwa chisoti mpaka mtunda wa 10 m, ndikuchita bwino, 15 m.

Hamamelis ofatsa (Hamamelis mollis)

Hamamelis wosakanizidwa x intermedia

Mitundu

Hamamelis japonica Siebold & Zucc. - Japan mfiti hazel
Hamamelis mollis Oliv. - Hamamelis zofewa
Hamamelis ovalis S.W. Leonard
Hamamelis vernalis Sarg. - Hamamelis kasupe
Hamamelis virginiana L. - Hamamelis virginiana, kapena Hamamelis virginiana
Hamamelis commis Barton. - Hamamelis vulgaris
Hamamelis mexicana standley - hamamelis mexican
Hamamelis megalophylla Koidz.
Hamamelis betchuensis makino

Mitundu iwiri yomaliza siyikudziwika kwa ife, ndipo ku Europe amadziwa bwino akatswiri okha. Izi ndi zonse zomwe zimatsalira mu banja lakale la hamamelids (Hamamelidaceae), zotsalira zomwe zimapezeka mu maluwa a Late Cretaceous (zaka pafupifupi 70 miliyoni zapitazo). Mu nthawi ya Paleo- ndi Neogene munthawi ya Cenozoic, mphukira zamatsenga zidakula kwambiri ku Europe ndi North America, mpaka ku Svalbard ndi Greenland.

Zophatikiza