Artichoke - Minga Yothandiza

Zakudya zodabwitsa zamtunduwu sizidziwika kwenikweni kwa olima nyumba. Koma kuchokera kudziko lakwawo - Kumwera kwa Yuropu - ndi artichoke adabwera ku Russia motsogozedwa ndi Peter I.

Artichoke (Cȳnara) - mtundu wazomera za banja la a Astrov (Asteraceae) Amamera chakumwera kwa Europe ndi North Africa. Zoyambitsidwa mchikhalidwe cha kudera la Mediterranean kale nthawi yathu. Pakadali pano ali m'mayiko ambiri a South America ndi Europe, makamaka ku France ndi Italy.

Artichoke ndi mbewu yosatha. Yokhala ndi mizu yayitali, yokhala ndi mizu yayitali ndi masamba opindika. Masamba obiriwira kapena obiriwira nthawi zambiri amabwera ndi minga. Zimayambira pa artichoke ndi nthambi zofooka, zimatha ku inflorescence kwa ozungulira, ozungulira, ozungulira kapena mawonekedwe a conical. Ma inflorescence amakhala ndi tubules angapo achikaso ndi maluwa abuluu.

Chofufumitsa cholimba cha inflorescence chosatsutsika chimadyedwa ndi artichoke. (mabasiketi) ndi m'mizere yokhazikika ya mizere ya m'munsi mwa wozungulira. Saladi amakonzedwa kuchokera ku artichok yaiwisi ndi zamzitini, ndipo imawiritsa ndi masuzi. Gawo lam'munsi la artichoke zamkati ndi chinthu chofunikira pankhani yazakudya.

Zothandiza zimatha artichoke

Kafukufuku wapeza kuti artichoke inflorescences imakhala ndi mapuloteni, chakudya, carotene, inulin (cholowa m'malo mwa wowuma ndi shuga kwa odwala matenda ashuga), mavitamini ambiri - thiamine, riboflavin, ascorbic acid.

Zaka zaposachedwa, m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi, mankhwala osiyanasiyana amapangidwa kuchokera masamba a artichoke. Zotsatira za diuretic, choleretic ndi hypocholesterolemic zimatsimikiziridwa. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa cynarin, mtengowu ndiwothandiza kwa anthu okalamba komanso odwala atherosulinosis (akadadyedwa, pali kusintha pamachitidwe abwino ndi kuchepa kwa cholesterol).

Kukonzekera kwa Artichoke kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza jaundice (makamaka ana), matenda a ndulu, hepatitis, endarteritis, komanso atherosclerosis. Pali umboni wa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa mankhwalawa mankhwalawa pochiza chifuwa (urticaria, matenda a seramu, ndi zina), mitundu ingapo ya psoriasis ndi eczema. The artichoke akuwonetsedwa isanachitike komanso pambuyo ntchito kwa odwala omwe anachitidwa opareshoni pachiwindi ndi impso.

Artichoke adayamba kulimidwa zaka zoposa 5000 zapitazo, ngati chomera cha zakudya ndi mankhwala. Agiriki ndi Aroma akale ankakonda kwambiri zamasamba ena onse. Amakhulupirira kuti kudya artichoke mu chakudya kumachepetsa kununkhira kwa thukuta, kumalimbikitsa kupuma kosangalatsa, ndipo msuzi wofowoka kuchokera pachomera uja usanalowe umalimbitsa tsitsi.

Kukula ndi kufalitsa artichoke

Artichoke ndi chomera cha thermophilic, chimalimbana ndi zipatso zowala zokha. Chifukwa chake, monga chikhalidwe chosatha, ndizotheka kukula kokha kum'mwera kwa dzikolo. Koma ngakhale kumeneko nthawi yachisanu imakutidwa ndi humus kapena peat (yokhala ndi masentimita 1-2), nditadula mphukira kale.

Pakati pa Russia, artichoke imamera ngati mbewu ya chaka chimodzi ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala ngati mbewu ya zaka ziwiri (pomaliza, amaiphimba ndi singano yachisanu, manyowa, peat kapena humus yokhala ndi masentimita osachepera 3, kenako chipale chofewa).

Pansi pa artichoke, ndibwino kusunthira chonde, chopangidwa mwaluso ndi dothi lozama lokwanira masentimita 25 mpaka 35 ndi dothi lotha kulowa. Kupatula apo, artichoke salekerera chinyezi chambiri - mizu imavunda. Amakonda malo ofunda otetezedwa ndi mphepo, komanso malo oyandikira kum'mwera.

Kubzala kwamasamba kusanachitike, kuchokera pa 8 mpaka 10 makilogalamu / m ndikuyika panthaka² wa manyowa, ndiye malowo amakumbidwa mpaka pakuya masentimita 25. Amayambitsidwanso pamtunda wa 1 mita² 80-100 g wa urea, 70-80 g wa superphosphate ndi 50-60 g wa potaziyamu kloridi.

Artichoke amakula pofesa mbewu munthaka (kumwera), mbande komanso mobala zipatso kumpoto kwambiri.

Ndi njira mmera ndikofunikira, kumapeto kwa mwezi wa February - koyambirira kwa Marichi kumera mbewu m'manyowa, tini (anaika pakati pamagawo awiri) pa kutentha kwa + 20 ... + 25 ° С. Mbewuzo naklyuyutsya (nthawi zambiri patadutsa sabata) ndipo zimayamba kumera, zisunthikeni kwa masiku 25-30 mu madzi oundana (firiji) ndikusunga kutentha pa 0 mpaka + 2 °. Ndi maonekedwe ang'onoang'ono (1-1.5 cm), njere zimabzalidwa m'bokosi lodzaza ndi peat kapena osakaniza magawo ofanana a humus, sod land ndi mchenga.

Pamatenthedwe pamwamba + 20 ° m'masiku 10-12 tsamba loyamba lenileni lidzawonekera. Pambuyo pake, matenthedwe amasinthidwa kukhala + 12 ... + 14 °, kuti zikumera zisatambasule kwambiri. Mbande zibzalidwa mumphika wa peat kapena peat wokhala ndi mainchesi osachepera 6 cm.

Pakati pa Meyi, mbande zimabzalidwa m'nthaka yotalika masentimita 70X70. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino - kumasula, kudula, kuthirira - mbewu zimatha kutalika 1.5 - 2 m chaka choyamba.

Ndi njira yamasamba Zomera zamphamvu zimakumbidwa mu kugwa, zimayikidwa mu bokosi, zowazidwa mopepuka ndi peat kapena humus ndikuyika m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena cellar. Chakumapeto kwa Epulo - theka loyambirira la Meyi, mphukira zomwe zidawonekera zimadulidwa limodzi ndi mbali ya nthambizo ndipo zidabzala m'miphika yayikulu kuti zizike mizu mchipinda. Pambuyo pa masiku 20-25, mbewuzo zimadzalidwa pamalo okhazikika.

Ndi njira yodzala, mbewu imakolola mu Seputembara. Ndipo amachita izi mpaka artichoke yatulutsa. Ndi zomeretsa, mbewu yoyamba imapezeka mkatikati mwa Julayi.

Kudya Artichoke

Mitundu yoposa zana la mbewuyi imadziwika, koma pafupifupi 40 ndi yopatsa thanzi.

Artichokes amasonkhanitsidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana kusasitsa:

Zojambula zakale kwambiri, omwe ali kukula kwa dzira la nkhuku kapena laling'ono, amatha kudyedwa lonse mu mawonekedwe osaphika kapena osaphika.

Zojambula zazing'ono komanso zapakati Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kumalulira ndi kukoka (ndi madzi aku nyanja kapena mafuta a maolivi ndikuphatikizira zitsamba zosiyanasiyana).

Nyimbo zazikulu (kukula kwa lalanje yayikulu) kumadyedwa mwa njira yophika, ndipo pang'ono chabe (asanaphike, amadula nsonga zokhwima zamasamba ndikuchotsa tsitsi lowuma pakati).

Kutsegulidwa, artichoki yolimba yokhala ndi masamba a bulauni sikugwiritsanso ntchito.

Mitundu yambiri ya artichokayi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika, imatha kusungidwa kwa sabata limodzi, koma amayamba kutaya fungo lawo atangodula.

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa artichokes kumakhala kosiyanasiyana - kumaphikidwa monga mbale yodziyimira pawokha, ndipo monga mbale yodyera, amapanga saladi ndi pizz nayo, ndipo imawonjezedwanso ku pastas, stews ndi ma pie. Ndi artichokes ngakhale mchere ndi buledi wophika. Artichokayi amawathandizira onse otentha ndi ozizira.

Chakudyacho chinaphika chakudya chachikulu komanso chopanda matupi ake othimbirira. Asanagwiritse ntchito, inflorescence imaphikidwanso m'madzi amchere, pambuyo pake maluwa amachotsedwa. Idyani artichoke ndi batala ndi msuzi. Msuziyo ndi wokonzekera kulawa kuchokera ku masamba a masamba, viniga ndi adyo.

Kwezani atitchoku, simudzanong'oneza bondo!