Chomera monga asczania (Gazania) chimatchedwanso chamomile wa ku Africa kapena gazania. Zimakhudzana mwachindunji ndi banja la asters. Mitundu iyi imaphatikiza pafupifupi mitundu 40 ya mitundu. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, imatha kupezeka ku South Africa ndi Mozambique, komanso ngakhale kumadambo a Australia. M'mayiko a ku Europe adaphunzila za maluwa awa m'zaka za zana la 17, nthawi imeneyo adapeza dzina lake polemekeza Italiya Theodore von Gaza, yemwe anali wansembe amene anamasulira mabuku a Theophrastus ndi Aristotle. Ku Western Europe, maluwa oterewa amatchedwanso "golide wamasana." Chowonadi ndi chakuti maluwa okhala ndi maluwa ofunda masana.
Mawonekedwe a Gatsaniya
Gatsaniya akhoza kukhala onse pachaka komanso osatha zomera. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi masentimita 30. Masamba a masamba oyambira ndi gawo la malo ogulitsira, pomwe tsinde silikupezeka kwathunthu kapena ndilifupi kwambiri. Masamba owonda amatha kukhala obiriwira kapena amtundu wakuda ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana. Pansanja yamapepalawo pamakhala timiyala tating'ono, timateteza maluwawo kuti asazizidwe, ndipo nthawi yachilala imathandizira kuti madzi asungidwe. Ma inflorescence ali ndi mawonekedwe amdengu limodzi, omwe m'mimba mwake amatha kufika masentimita 5-9. Amaphatikizapo maluwa mabango, omwe amatha kukhala ndi ofiira, lalanje kapena mtundu wachikaso. Pansi pamunsi pawo pali malo amtundu wakuda, chifukwa chomwe mawonekedwe amtunduwu amapangidwe mozungulira pakati, utoto wachikasu. Chapakati pali maluwa a tubular. Pa chitsamba chimodzi pamatha kukhala mitengo ngati 35 yakuzizira. Chipatsochi ndimankhwala acheya okhala ndi crest.
Kulimidwa kwa Gatsaniya kuchokera ku mbewu
Kufesa mbande
Nthawi yodzala mbewuyi mwachangu zimatengera nyengo yomwe wokhalamoyo amakhala. Zikatero kuti nthawi yozizira komanso mochedwa isungidwe, ndiye kufesa mbewu zoyambirira kumafunikira mbande zina. Popanda kuwunikira, chifukwa chosowa kuwala, mbewuyo imakula ndikukula pang'onopang'ono kuposa momwe iyenera kukhalira. Kufesa mbewu, mwachitsanzo, mu Meyi kudzatsogolera kuti pachimake pa gatsaniya mutha kusilira pambuyo pake. Pankhaniyi, kubzala ndikofunikira mu theka lachiwiri la Marichi, makamaka m'ma April. Kuthira kwakukulu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pofesa, izi ndikofunikira kuti ndodo yayitali isitete pakakula. Kubzala zosakaniza ziyenera kumwedwa zonyowa, zowala ndi pH ya 5.5 mpaka 6.5. Kubzala kuyenera kuchitika pang'ono. Mutha kungogawa njerezo pamtunda wa subterate patepi yoyendera, pomwe mtunda pakati pawo uzikhala kuyambira 2 mpaka 3 sentimita. Gawo loonda lothilidwa lingathidwe pambewu, amathanso kukanikizidwa pang'ono. Nyowetsani mbewuzo kuchokera pazowaza ndi kuphimba beseni ndi filimu kapena galasi. Kenako imatsukidwa m'malo abwino otentha (kuyambira 18 mpaka 20 degrees). Kumbukirani kuti ndikofunikira kuchotsa kotsikirako pogona ndi kukonza mpweya wabwino tsiku lililonse. Mbande zoyambirira zidzawonekera patatha masiku 7-15.
Mbande
Ngati mbande yakula mchidebe chachikulu, ndiye kuti safunika kusankha. Nthawi zina, tsamba lokwanira likapangidwa pachomera, lidzafunika kubzalidwa mumphika wa peat. Kenako mbande zimatsukidwa kuti zikule m'malo mwake pomwe kumazizira pang'ono (kuyambira madigiri 12 mpaka 16), pomwe loggia, yomwe imatenthetsedwa koma osatenthedwa, ingakhale njira yabwino kwambiri. Kuyambira pano muyenera kuyamba kuumitsa mbewuzo. Kuti muchite izi, tsiku lililonse kwakanthawi masana, tsegulani zenera, ndikuteteza asczany ku zolemba.
Tikufika
Nthawi yoti afike
Yambani kubzala mbande za mbewuyi kuyambira pa theka lachiwiri la Meyi mpaka woyamba June. Mukamatera, zimakhala zosavuta kusamalira asczania. Komabe, musanabzale, muyenera kupeza malo abwino kwambiri. Kwa izi, malo otseguka komanso owoneka bwino ndi abwino. Nthaka ya m'munda iyenera kukhala yopepuka komanso yopatsa thanzi michere. Kumbukirani kuti mbewu iyi imafunikira dzuwa mwachindunji, ndipo sizimavulaza kuwala kwadzuwa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti amakonda kuwala kwambiri ndipo amalekerera chilala chachikulu.
Momwe mungabzalire
Kubzala mbande panthaka ndikofunikira m'miphika za peat momwe zidakulira. Zikatero, ngati mbewuyo idapangidwa mozama m'bokosi, kuti muthe kuchotsa mizu yayitali popanda kuvulala, muyenera kupendekera nthawi yayitali. Mukasinthira maluwa kudzenje, yesani kuvulaza muzu. Pakati pa tchire liyenera kuchoka mtunda wa masentimita 20. Maluwa a Gatsaniya amayamba posakhalitsa m'munda. Chifukwa chake, maluwa omwe adamera pamalopo amawonedwa miyezi itatu yokha mutabzala.
Zosamalidwa
Kuti gatsaniya ikule bwino komanso kusangalala ndi mawonekedwe ake, ndikofunikira kusankha malo oyenera kubzala, omwe ndi: dzuwa komanso nthaka yoyesedwa bwino. Duwa ili ndi thermophilic, koma limalekerera kuzizira mpaka madigiri 5-7. Maluwa amafunika kuthirira pang'ono. Pambuyo pochita izi, muyenera kumasula nthaka ndi nthawi yomweyo kuchotsa udzu wonse. Kuti maluwa akhale ochulukirapo komanso okhalitsa, ndikofunikira kuchotsa pakapita nthawi mabasiketi amafuta omwe ayamba kuzimiririka. Zingakhale bwino ngati mulch pamwamba pa dothi. Izi zikuthandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuthirira, komanso kupalira. Kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino, maluwa oterowo amafunika kuvala moyenera panthawi yake. Ngati mwabzala gatsaniya m'nthaka yodzaza ndi michere, ndiye kuti zingakhale zofunikira kuvala pamwamba kamodzi pakadutsa milungu 6, chifukwa amagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wazonse (pa mita imodzi2 tengani 20 mpaka 25 magalamu a zinthu). Ngati mbewuzo zidabzalidwa pathanthwe, ndiye kuti kudyetsa kuyenera kuchitidwa nthawi imodzi m'masiku 15-30.
Maluwa
Maluwa oterewa amawonedwa mu June-Okutobala. Mtengo uliwonse wa inflorescence ukatseguka umatha pakatha masiku 20. Maluwa amdima kapena amtambo akakutakata mumsewu, iwo amaphimba pakati pachikaso, chomwe chimakhala ndi maluwa. Nthawi zina, wamaluwa angadandaule kuti chomera sichikutulutsa. Zomwe zimayambitsa izi ndi izi: kupepuka pang'ono, kuthirira kwambiri, kapena kubzala mochedwa mbande panthaka. Ngati zonse zachitika molondola komanso munthawi yake, ndiye kuti maluwawo azikhala atali, opatsa chidwi komanso owoneka bwino.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Aliyense amene wakulitsa duwa amadziwa kuti siwotheka kutenga matenda. Komabe, zikachitika kuti asczania wakula m'malo osayenera, ndiye kuti imafooka, ndipo imathanso kugundidwa ndi imvi zowola. Zikatero, tchire lomwe lakhudzidwalo likuyenera kufukulidwa ndikuwonongeka, ndipo otsalawo amafufuzidwa ndi yankho la phytosporin.
Mwa tizirombo ta mbewu, nsabwe za m'masamba, nkhono ndi kangaude ndizowopsa. Nkhono zimachotsedwa ku tchire, kutola manja. Kuti muthane ndi kangaude wa kangaude, amagwiritsa ntchito: actellik, ditox kapena fufanon, ndikupha nsabwe za m'masamba, amagwiritsa: acarin, fitoverm, intavir.
Gatsaniya pambuyo maluwa
Kutoletsa mbewu
Pakatikati, mbewu za mbewu zotere nthawi zambiri sizipsa. Izi zimatha kuchitika kokha ngati nthawi yotentha imakhala youma, yowuma komanso yayitali. Tiyeneranso kukumbukiranso kuti, monga lamulo, mitundu yosakanizidwa ya mbewu yotereyi imalimidwa, ndipo njere zake sizitha kuteteza mbewu za mayiyo. Ndipo tiyenera kukumbukira kuti yakucha ya gatsaniya inflorescences ikufanana kwambiri ndi dandelion, ndi mphepo yamphamvu, njere zimangouluka mosiyana. Pankhaniyi, mabasiketi oyendera maluwa amayenera kukulunga ndi gauze, yomwe imakhazikika pa peduncle, kuti mbewu zikhalebe malo.
Zisanu
Ngati mukubzala mbewu pachaka, ndiye kuti ikazimiririka, zotsalazo zimachotsedwa ndikuwotchedwa. Komabe, ena olima mundawo azisungira chaka chamawa. Sankhani tchire lowoneka bwino kwambiri lomwe likufunikabe kutulutsa. Amakumba ndi kuikamo zida kapena mapoto. Pambuyo pake, amayikidwa m'chipinda chozizira (kuchokera ku madigiri 8 mpaka 10) ndikuwunika bwino. Kuthirira sikuyenera kukhala kosowa komanso kosachulukitsa, koma ndizosatheka kulola kuyanika kwathunthu kwa dongo. Chapakatikati, amabzalidwa m'mundamo, pomwe masamba awo amafupikitsidwa ndi ½ gawo.
Mitundu yayikulu ndi mitundu ya gatsaniya yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Gatzania longshot (Gazania longiscapa)
Chomera chamtunduwu pachaka chimatha kutalika kuyambira 15 mpaka 20 cm. Mizu yamiyala ya masamba oyambira yonse imadulidwa pang'ono, mbali yakutsogolo imakhala yobiriwira, ndipo pansi pake pali pubescence. Dongosolo la inflorescence ndi pafupifupi masentimita 7, pomwe mitundu yonse iwiri ya maluwa ili ndi utoto wachikasu. Maziko a maluwa a bango ali ndi mtundu wa bulauni.
Gatzania ankhanza kapena chonyezimira (Gazania wankhondo, Gazania ukuwala)
Chitsamba chimafika kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 30. Dongosolo la inflorescences limasiyana kuchokera pa 4,5 mpaka 6 cm. Mtundu wa maluwa a tubular ndi wakuda magazi. Maluwa a Reed amatha kupaka utoto wofiirira, wachikaso kapena wachikasu, pomwe pansi pamakhala malo otuwa, akuda kapena oyera. Monga lamulo, masamba a masamba ndi olimba, koma pinnate amapezekanso.
Gatzania Pottsi (Gazania pottsii)
Chomera ichi ndi chofanana ndi gatsaniya mwankhanza, chokhacho chimakula. Danga la inflorescence ndi pafupifupi masentimita 12.
Gatzania peacock (Gazania pavonia)
Pakati pa mitundu ina pamakhala mawonekedwe a tsamba, motero ndi laling'ono komanso lalitali (pafupifupi 20 cm). Dongosolo la inflorescence ndi pafupifupi masentimita 8. Maluwa a Reed ali ndi utoto wachikasu ndi mtundu wakuda, maluwa a tubular ndi achikaso.
Gatsaniya pinnate (Gazania pinnata), oyera-gatsaniya (Gazania nivea), maluwa amtundu umodzi (Gazania unifiora) ndi hybrid gatsaniya (Gazania x hybrida) nawonso amalimidwa, omwe adapezeka chifukwa cha kudutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma makamaka gatsaniya wamtali komanso wamtali. Pakadali pano mitundu yosiyanasiyana imapezeka. Mitundu yotchuka ya haibridi:
- Mzere Wofiirira Wam'mawa. Madengu ake ndi achikaso achikaso ndipo ali ndi mikwaso yofiyira. Zimaululidwa m'mawa, ndipo kutsekedwa kumachitika madzulo.
- Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya talente. Idali yotchuka kwambiri mu 2001. Ili ndi masamba owoneka bwino komanso inflorescence, pomwe mabasiketi amatsekedwa kokha usiku.
- Sortogruppa Ministar. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi inflorescence mitundu yoyera, yachikaso ndi lalanje.
