Ntchito yomalizira yophukira. Mundawo wakonzekera nyengo yotsatira. Yakwana nthawi yokonzekera ntchito ya masika, kubzala mbande, kufesa mbewu zoyambirira poyera, malo obiriwira ndi greenhouse. Madzulo nthawi yachisanu, pansi pa mvula yam'mwera kapena matalala pakati komanso kumpoto, mutha kuchita nthangala.
Mbeu zamasamba.
Monga lamulo, kale chakumapeto kwa nyengo yokolola, kumapeto kwa kukolola, anthu okhala muchilimwe ndi omwe amalima dimba amapanga mndandanda wa zokolola, yang'anani malo omwe akupangidwamo mbewu zosakanikirana kapena zosakanizidwa, ndikusankha zinthu zomwe azikonda monga malongosoledwe kapena nkhani za mnansi wawo kuti agule ndi kufesa. Kumbukirani! Pokhapokha posungira bwino, nthangala zomwe zimapanga mbande zabwino. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa nokha pasadakhale ndi kusintha kwa kayendedwe kazinthu zingapo m'mbewu panthawi yosungirako, magawo ndi zosungika, kuchuluka kwachuma (kumera) kwa mbewu za mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Kuphwanya malamulo osungira kumabweretsa kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa kumera, kuwonongeka kwa matenda osiyanasiyana ndipo, chifukwa chake, zipatso zotsika bwino zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri komanso ndalama zolipirira anthu ntchito.
Ma biochemical process mu nthanga posungira
Mbeu zimasiyanitsa pakati pakubadwa kwachuma komanso kwachuma pakutha kumera. Kutalika kwachilengedwe ndiko chidwi chachikulu cha akatswiri asayansi a sayansi, koma chuma chimakhala chosangalatsa kwa akatswiri nthawi zonse. Ndi moyo wautali wachuma womwe umasankha kumera kwa mbeu, zomwe, pomwe zosungirazo zikuphwanyidwa, zimatsika kwambiri.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kumera
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa kumera kwa mbeu zimawonedwa kuti ndizochulukirapo chinyezi mu mbewu ndi mlengalenga, komanso kutentha kwamphamvu mchipinda chomwe mbewu zimasungidwa.
Mbewu ndizothandiza kwambiri. Amatha kuyamwa nthunzi yamadzi kuchokera kumlengalenga ndikutulutsa chinyezi m'mpweya. Panthawi yabwino, "kupuma" koyenera kwa mbewu kumakhala mkati (mochuluka momwe adaperekera, adatenga kwambiri). Mulingo wa kupuma mofananirana kotereku umatengera mawonekedwe a mbewu ndipo zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zomwe zili ndi wowuma ndi mafuta aiwisi pakapangidwe, kukula kwake ndi kachulukidwe ka mbewu. Mukakhala chinyezi cha njere mkati mwa 6-12%, kupuma kwake sikumveka. Kuwonjezeka kwa chinyezi cha 1-2% modabwitsa kumawonjezera kukula kwa kupuma kwa mbewu ndi kutentha kwawo. Ma biochemical process amayamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitha kutaya zinthu zowuma. Zotsatira zake, kumera kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, mbewu zimayamba kuwumba, zimatha kuvunda ndikufa, kapena kuchepetsa kwambiri kumera. Mwachitsanzo, mu kabichi, kuwonjezereka kwa chinyezi cha mbewu ndi 2% kuchokera pamlingo woyenerera kumathandizira kupuma maulendo 27, ndi 4% - ndi 80 nthawi. Pafupifupi mbewuzo zimayamba kumera molakwika kenako, zimafa. Kutentha kwambiri kosungira mbewu zambiri kuchokera ku banja la opachika, dzungu, ndi nightshade kumawerengedwa kuti ndi 10 ° C ndi chinyezi chaching'ono mchipindamo osapitirira 60%. Kwa oimira a banja la ambulera, udzu winawake, lilac, dzungu, ena opachika ndi nightshade panthawi yosungirako, osasintha kutentha, chinyezi chotsika chamlengalenga ndi 50%. Mbewu zouma bwino sizitaya kumera ndipo zimasungidwa bwino kunyumba kutentha kuzaka za + 1ºС mpaka -5ºС.
Njira zosungira mbewu
Mbewu zimasungidwa ndikutseka.
Mumawonekedwe otseguka njere zimasungidwa nthawi yonse yosungiramo chidebe chomwe chimadutsa mosavuta mpweya ndi chinyezi ku mbewu. Zotengera zoterezi ndizopangidwa ndi nsalu zachilengedwe - bafuta kapena jute, wosoka mu zigawo za 1-2 (matumba, matumba, matumba, etc.).
Ndi njira yotsekedwa posungira (sizachilendo) mbewuzo zimayikidwa mumtsuko wopanda madzi. Mphamvu zofewa zili ndi zigawo ziwiri. Pamwambapo nthawi zambiri pamakhala nsalu ndipo kanyumba kamkati ndi polyethylene. Chinyontho cha njere za polyethylene zingwe sizidutsa 6-9%. Chingwe cholumikizira ndi polyethylene chokhala ndi mbewu chimamangirizika zolimba kuti chiziteteza kuti chisalowe m'malo achinyontho, ndipo nsalu yapamwamba imangomangika kapena kumangiriza ndi makutu am'mbali.
Bokosi Losungira Mbewu ZakaleKomwe amasungira mbewu kunyumba?
Kunyumba, njere zimasungidwa bwino m'matumba akunyalala omwe amaikidwa mumbale zamapulasitiki kapena mabotolo ang'onoang'ono. Mbewu zosagwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira zimasiyidwa m'matumba ogulidwa, opindidwa bwino ndikutchinjiriza ku chinyezi. Kuti zisungidwe, ndibwino kuthira ufa wouma pang'ono, wowuma chimanga kapena zinthu zina zotulutsa chinyezi pansi pa mtsuko wagalasi. Ikani zikwama zokhazokha pamwamba ndikutseka chivindikiro mwamphamvu.
Ndikwabwino kusungira njerezo pansi pa firiji kapena m'malo ena ozizira. Mbeu zina zouma bwino (katsabola, fennel, kaloti, parsley, letesi) zimasungidwa mosavuta m'mbale yagalasi. Mumatumba owonda, mutatha zaka 1-2 mbewu zimakwanira ndipo zimatha kumera kapena kufa.
Nthawi yamera
Alumali moyo wa mbewu akuwonetsedwa pa zilembo pamodzi ndi dzina, chaka chopereka, kalasi. Izi ndizofunikira kuti tipeze mbande zokhazikika, popeza zimasungidwa nthawi yochulukirapo, kumera kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo mbande zimakhala ndi chitetezo chochepa kwambiri chifukwa cha matenda ndi tizirombo.
Ophunzirawo adauzidwa kuti alembedwamo kuti ndiwo amera njere. Mbewu za kalasi yoyamba zimakhala ndi mbeu yabwino kwambiri yophukira, yomwe ndi 60-95% m'mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Mbewu za gulu lachiwiri - 40-85%. Kuchulukitsa kwa mbeu kumathandiza nyakulima kuti azindikire bwino kuchuluka kwa mbeu.
Mukasungidwa bwino, mbewu zamasamba zimasungira kumera nthawi zotsatirazi:
- Zaka 1-2: udzu winawake, ma chisa, maembe, chimanga, anyezi, leki
- Zaka 2-3: lovage, parsley, katsabola, sipinachi, sorelo, leek, coriander,
- Zaka 3-4: saladi, karoti, tsabola wokoma, anyezi wakuda, fennel, nandolo,
- Wazaka 3-5: kohlrabi, mpiru, beets, kolifulawa, biringanya,
- Zaka 4-5: tomato, radishi, radara, rutabaga, kabichi yoyera, broccoli,
- Zaka 4-6: nyemba, nyemba,
- Zaka 6-8: nkhaka, squash, zukini, mavwende, mavwende.
Moyo wa alumali womwe ukunenedwa wa zonunkhira (zobiriwira) ndi mbewu zamasamba sikuchepera. Kwa mbewu zouma bwino, kusiyanasiyana kwa kutentha sikowopsa, koma ngati chinyezi cha mbewu ndichipamwamba kuposa chovuta, ndiye pamatenthedwe mbewu zimapangika chifukwa cha kuphwanya mtundu wa kupuma (zimayamba zochuluka kuposa zomwe zingapereke) kenako nthawi yoti kumere ithe. Nthawi zina, nthangala munthawi yomwe ingakonzedwenso zimatha kupitilira kumera kwina kwa 3-5, ndipo zina (tomato) zaka 10.
Zolemba zochepa
Mbewu zomwe zidagulidwa nthawi yachisanu kuchokera pa counter zimayenera kuyikika mufiriji kapena kusiyidwa pamalo ozizira. M'chipinda chofunda, matumba ozizira amatola chithokomiro, chomwe chimatha kukhudza chinyontho cha mbewu.
Madera akumpoto, ndibwino kugula mbewu za chaka chatha. Izi ndichifukwa choti, chifukwa cha dzinja lalifupi, mbewu zimakololedwa mwana ndikukhwima m'nyumba. Chifukwa chake, mbewu zatsopano zomwe zatulutsidwa zimakhala ndi kumera kwapang'onopang'ono komanso mphamvu zam'mera (ubale wochezeka).
Kummwera, kusiyana kwa kumera kwa mbeu zaka ziwiri zoyambirira kumakhala kosadziwika. Koma muyenera kutenthetsa mbewu zatsopano zomwe mudagulidwa musanaziike kuti zisungidwe kunyumba kutentha osazizira kuposa 30-35ºС.
