Kubzala bwino ndi kubzala maluwa

Kuteteza pangozi yotenga mbewu zofooka, zomwe nthawi zambiri sizigwirizana ndi kufotokozedwa kwa mitundu, wamaluwa ambiri amakonda kulima mbande zokha. Popeza maluwa amakula ndi nkhani yovuta, muyenera kutsatira mosamala zofunikira zonse za agrotechnical.

Ntchito yomaliza ndi mbande zamaluwa

Kusankhidwa kwa dothi

Pakakulitsa mbande ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kosamasuka nthaka kusasinthika kwa granular.

Gawo lofananalo limadutsa mpweya kumizu ndipo nthawi yomweyo imachepetsa kutulutsa madzi chinyontho.

Kusankha dothi koyenera ndikofunika kuti mbewu zikule bwino

Pakuphatikiza kwa dothi kufesa mbewu, amalima maluwa amagwiritsa ntchito peat, mchenga wamtsinje, malo owerengeka, loam mchenga loam, zingwe zazing'ono zamakungwa a mitengo yotentha.

Chodziwika kwambiri pakati pa okonda zokongoletsera ndi:

Zosankha zamakina

Vermiculite Perlite Chikalakita Dongo lokwakulitsidwa Mphesa za Polystyrene

Nthawi zambiri, mbande zimabzalidwa m'mbale zokhala ndi utuchi ndi mchenga: osakaniza amaphatikizidwa, kusiya chiyerekezo cha 2: 1.

Sikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbande zamaluwa m'munda wapansi - dothi loterolo limakhala ndi kupangika kwam michere, lili ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizirombo.

Musanagule nthaka muyenera kusamala dziwani bwino momwe amaphatikizidwira: zosakaniza komwe kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu, nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous ndi pafupifupi 300-400 mg / l titha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira m'nthaka kuti zikule maluwa.

Kuchulukana kwa zinthu izi kumalepheretsa mapangidwe a masamba.

Nthaka zogulidwa komanso zopangidwa ndi nyumba musanagone mabokosi ziyenera kuwerengedwa kwathunthu: mothandizidwa ndi kutentha kwambiri, pathogenic mabakiteriya ndi mphutsi zimafa.

Kuwala kumathandizira kuti nthaka isanthe

Kuwala ndi kutentha

Popeza kutacha m'mudzi wazomera kumatenga maola 14, kulima bwino sikungatheke popanda kugwiritsa ntchito nyali za fluorescent, phytolamp.

Maonekedwe a mbewu ndi umboni wa kuchepa kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa - mbande ndizalitali kwambiri, tsinde limakhala loonda kwambiri, masamba amapeza mtundu wosasinthika.

Kuthandiza panga motere: nyali yosankhidwa idayikidwa pamwamba pa thanki yam'mera pamalo okwezeka a + 25- + 30C. Dzuwa litayamba kulowa, chipangizocho chimatsegulidwa kwa maola 6.

Mwa alimi a maluwa, kuwunikira m'mawa ndi madzulo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, pomwe nthawi yowunikira ndi maola atatu.

Kuwalitsa ndikofunikira kokha mbande zoyambilira, zomwe zinafesedwa mu February kapena koyambirira kwa Marichi. Kwa mbande zamtsogolo, kufunika kwowunikira kowonjezereka kumatha.

Kuti mbewu zimere msanga, kutentha mu chipinda chomwe muli zida kuyenera kukhalapo osachepera + 18- + 20С.

Mitundu ina imamera bwino pamtunda wotsika. Mwachitsanzo, + 8- + 12C ndi yokwanira snapdragon, + 12- + 15С, chaka chimodzi ndi kuphatikiza, asters, lamanzere - + 15С, ma cloves, viola + 15- + 18С.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Chovala chapamwamba choyamba chimayambitsidwa pakadutsa masabata awiri atabadwa. Monga feteleza, njira yofooka ya mullein, zitosi za nkhuku kapena zosakaniza zogulidwa ndizoyenera.

Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, 3 g ya superphosphate, 1.5 g ya ammonium nitrate pa lita imodzi yothetsera amawonjezeredwa ndi feteleza omwe ali pamwambapa. Kuvala koteroko ndikotheka m'malo ndi phulusa phulusa.

Pofuna kuti tisawotche mbewu zazing'ono zazing'ono, feteleza wogula wokonzekera mogwirizana ndi malangizo ayenera kuchepetsedwa kawiri ndi madzi. Pa cholinga chomwechi, madzi amamwe madzi ambiri asanabvalidwe pamwamba.

Manyowa maluwa mbande sayenera kupitirira 2 pa mwezi. Mavalidwe apamwamba ayenera kukhala muzu komanso mizu yowonjezera.

Kukonzekera kwa mbewu

Kuti mbewu zimere bwino, zimakonzedwa zopititsa patsogolo. Mutha kuchotsa nthangala zamaluwa ena kuchokera pakhungu lowala ndi mtsuko wagalasi ndi sandpaper: amayikidwa mchombo ndi sandpaper yambiri ndipo amanjenjemera mwamphamvu kwakanthawi.

Zowonjezera za kukula - othandizira alimi pakukula mbande

Mbeu zina zimafunikira stratation (nyengo yachisanu) kuti zimere bwino. Mbewu zimayikidwa panthaka, yokutidwa ndi zojambulazo ndi kuzitumiza mufiriji kwa mwezi umodzi.

Nthawi yayitali

Kuti musangalale mwachangu ndi zokongola zomwe mumakonda, kufesa mbewu za mbande kumatha kumayambiriro kwa February. Chifukwa cha kubzala koyambirira adzalowa gawo la maluwa mu Meyi.

Madeti obzala mtundu wina wamtunduwu amasankhidwa malinga ndi zomwe wopanga amapanga, zomwe zimayikidwa patebulo kumbuyo kwa chikwama ndi mbewu.

Momwe mungasankhire zoyenera kufesa

Kusankha kwa kutengera kutengera mbande zomwe muyenera kukula. Ngati mukufuna kulima maluwa pafupifupi 20, mutha kubzala mbewu mumiphika kapena makapu osiyana ndi pulasitiki yazakudya.

Pofesa mbewu zambiri, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito makhaseti apaderamabokosi akulu.

Pakuyenera kukhala mabowo pansi pa thankiyo yomwe madzi ochulukirapo azidzaziramo.

Makaseti a nyemba zimathandizira pakukula mbande zambiri

Pang'onopang'ono ikamatera

1. Dothi lomwe lili m'matanki limadzaza madzi ndi kutentha.
2. Kutengera mtundu wa zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mtunda wa 3 cm mitengo yopanda kanthu kapena dimples yopangidwa m'nthaka.
3. Mbeu zing'onozing'ono zimasakanizidwa ndi mchenga ndikufalikira kudera lonse la zotengera, zazikulu zimayikidwa munzake.
4. Mbewuzi zimakonkhedwa ndi dothi loonda.
5. Kuti apange kutentha kwawoko, chotengera chimaphimbidwa kapu kapena polyethylene.

Kuti dothi lomwe lili mumipanda lisawumbike, malo okhala ayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi ndi nthawi.

Mbewu zitamera mbande, ndikofunikira kusunthira kuchipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa + 16- + 18C ndikuziyika pang'ono.

Kusamalira mbewu

• Kutsirira kumachitika ndi mfuti yothira. monga nthaka iduma.
• Gawo lokakamiza kukula mbande ndi kusankha. Kudzinyenga kotero kumachitika pofuna kupereka mpata wokwanira wogulira chomera chilichonse.

Mbande za maluwa zimayamba kudumphira m'madzi pambuyo pa masamba oyamba. Zomera zazing'ono, limodzi ndi mtanda wa dothi, zimachotsedwa mosamala m'bokosi ndikuzisungitsira kwina. onjezani dziko lapansi komanso kuthilira madzi pang'ono.

• Mbewu zikangolimba, zimayamba kuumitsa: kuti mbewuzo zizolowere dzuwa, mbewuzo zimatengedwa kumka kukakhala mphepo kwakanthawi.

Choyamba, mbande ndizometa pang'ono ndikutetezedwa ndi mphepo, ndipo patatha masiku angapo m'misasa amachotsedwa. Tsiku lirilonse, masewera mumlengalenga azikula pang'onopang'ono.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Chifukwa cha chisamaliro cholakwika, mbande zamaluwa zimakonda mwendo wakuda. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi chinyezi chambiri, kutentha kwambiri.

Zizindikiro: masamba amatembenuka, phesi limakhala locheperako, gawo lakumunsi la mizu ndi phesi limakhala lofiirira.

Zomera zokhala ndi mwendo wakuda zimawonongeka, ndipo dothi limakhetsedwa ndi maziko.

Matenda achiwiri amabadwa mbande - ufa wowuma. Zizindikiro: masamba ake amaphimbidwa ndi zovala yoyera, masamba ake ndi opunduka, masamba amawonekera. Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimathirira ndi fungicide.

Momwe mungabzalire mbande panthaka

Masiku angapo asanabzalidwe nthaka kukumba ndi kukumana feteleza wa mchere kapena manyowa owola, kompositi. Ndikwabwino kubzala maluwa theka lachiwiri la masika nthawi yamadzulo kapena nthawi yamadzulo.

Manyowa amchere - chofunikira kuwonjezera musanabzalidwe panthaka

Mbande zaikidwa m'maenje, ndikusunthira mizu ndikusunga dothi, kenako ndikuthirira madzi ambiri.

Kubzala mbande mumphika wa peat

Miphika ya peat ndi mapiritsi - chidebe chabwino kwambiri chakukula mbewu. Chifukwa cha zotayirira, zimadutsa bwino mizu, chifukwa choti mbande zikukula mwachangu.

Ubwino wina wa chidebe chotere ndikufalikira: zinthu zobzalidwa pansi ndi chidebe, chomwe posakhalitsa chimasungunuka ndikuchita ntchito ya feteleza.

Zambiri

Zomwe pachaka zimakhala ndi njere zazing'ono

Begonia ndiye woyang'anira zinthu zazing'ono zobzala: pafupifupi 80,000 nthangala za 1g. Komanso sindingathe kudzitamandira ndi mbewu zazikulu aggregatum, petunia, chithunzithunzi, fodya, fungo lonunkhira.

Momwe mungafesere maluwa

Pofuna kupewa matenda, kubzala zinthu kumathandizidwa ndi fungicide. Kenako, mbewu zing'onozing'ono zimasakanizidwa ndi mchenga ndikufesedwa m'bokosi. Mbewu zazikulu zimayikidwa m'manda kapena m'maenje, ndikuwona mtunda wa 2 cm.

Kenako chodzalacho chimakutidwa ndi dothi lapansi, makulidwe ake omwe amatalika katatu mbewu.

Popeza njere ndizochepa kwambiri, ziyenera kuthiridwanso mosamala kuti zisasambe pansi.

Optimum germination kutentha + 18- + 22 C. Zowunikira pakadali pano zilibe kanthu.

Zitsanzo za kukula mbande

Clove shabo

Mbewu zatsiku limodzi zimanyowa mu chosangalatsa, kenako yofesedwa m'bokosi ndi dothi losakanizika ndi dothi, peat, mchenga. Zinthu zobzala zimakonkhedwa ndi danga loonda la calcined ndikuphimba chiwiya ndi galasi.

Kuwombera kumawonekera pambuyo pa masiku 5-9. Kutentha m'chipindacho kumachepetsedwa kukhala + 13- + 15C. Popeza duwa limamasula pambuyo masiku 150, imakumbidwa kawiri: pagawo la pepala loyamba ndi lachinayi.

Mwatsatanetsatane, tinakambirana mutuwu munkhani yokhudza kulima koyenera kwa clove shabo kuchokera kumbewu.

Begonia

Njere zimasakanizidwa ndi mchenga ndikufalikira pamtunda wonyowa turf dziko, mchenga, peat(2: 1: 1). Bokosilo limakutidwa ndi galasi ndikuyika malo otentha. Kuwombera kumawonekera pambuyo pa masabata 1-3.

Kutentha kokwanira m'chipindacho ndi + 20- + 22C.

Njira zosiyanasiyana zofalitsira maluwa zimapezeka m'nkhaniyi pa chisamaliro choyenera cha begonia.

Primrose

Mbewu zimayikidwa mu chisakanizo cha pepalalo, malo a sod ndi mchenga ndikupsinjidwa pang'ono. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi filimu ndikuyika mufiriji kwa mwezi umodzi, pomwe matenthedwe satsika pansi -10C.

Kumapeto kwa mawu, mphamvuyo imasunthidwa m'malo mokhazikika. Kutentha pa nthawi ya kumera ndi + 16- + 18C.

Ichi ndi chomera cha m'munda. Takambirana kale za momwe mungabzalire primrose pansipo.

Petunia

Zinthu zobzala zimakanikizidwa pang'ono pansi, chokocho chimakutidwa ndi filimu ndikusiya kutentha kwa + 24C. Pambuyo pa kutuluka, kutentha kumachepetsedwa ndi 2C.

Zambiri pazambiri za njirayi zitha kupezeka munkhaniyi pa kulima koyenera kwa petunia kuchokera ku mbewu kunyumba.

Kodi ndi maluwa angabzalidwe bwanji ndi mbande

Maluwa onse omwe amatulutsa maluwa pakupita masiku opitilira 100 - ayenera kukula mbande.

Pharynx ya mkango, verbena, clove, delphinium, lobelia, petunia ndi ena agwera pagululi.

Ndiosavuta kukula mbande zamaluwa zolimba komanso zathanzi kutsatira njira zosavuta zaulimi. Kuwona dimba lonunkhira kumene kumapereka ndalama zambiri.