Maluwa a paini

Chotsatsa, kapenaSwirlfish (Monótropa) ndi mtundu wa mankhwala osatha a herrophytic, osakhala a chlorophyllic a banja la Heather. Zomera zamtunduwu ndizofala kwambiri kumadera omwe kuli kutentha komanso kuzizira kwa North Hemisphere, makamaka m'nkhalango zachilengedwe.

Emerald wamba (Monotropa hypopitys)

Mitunduyi imakhala ndi mitundu iwiri, umodzi umapezeka ku Russia.

Mtundu wa Podielnik kale udaphatikizidwa m'banja la Monotropaceae Nutt. (Vertlianytsyevye, kapena Podzhelnikovye), koma pambuyo pake gulu la podzhelnikovy linasinthidwa kukhala subfamily (Monotropoideae) monga gawo la banja la Heather (Ericaceae) Tsopano subfamily iyi ikuphatikiza mafuko atatu, kuphatikiza fuko la Vertlyanicevye, kapena Podielnikovy (Monotropeae) wokhala ndi mitundu pafupifupi isanu ndi itatu, yomwe mwa Allotropa, Monotropisis ndi Podelnik.

Mphete ya Witch's maluwa Maluwa Monolithic Monotropa uniflora. USA, Washington, San Juan Islands, Orcas Island

Chofanana ndi dzina la sayansi ndi Hypopitys Hill (1756).

Mbiri yasayansi -Monotropa - itha kutanthauziridwa kuti "mbali imodzi" (ma Greek monos - "one", tropos - "Turn"). Dzinali limaperekedwa chifukwa cha mbali imodzi yamtundu wa inflorescence wamtunduwu.Monotropa hypopityszomwe zimamera ku Europe. Dzina lachi Russia "pododelnik" ndi tanthauzo la mtundu wa epithet wamtundu womwewo (Greek hypo - "under", chisoni - "spruce").

Mayina achikhalidwe cha ku Russia - podoelnitsa (pododelnitsa), udaznaya udzu.

Mayina achingerezi -Mapaipi aku India ("Wapaipi waku America" - chifukwa cha kufanana kwa mbewu zokhala ndi mapaipi aku India),Chomera cha Ghost ("chomera cha mizimu", "maluwa onunkhira" - chifukwa cha mtundu woyera),Chomera ("maluwa a" cadaveric ").

Chifinishi dzina la mtundu,Mäntykukat, kutanthauzira kwenikweni kumatanthauza "maluwa a pine", ndi Chiestonia,zooneka bwino, - "bowa wamaluwa", wofanana ndi bowa wamtchire.

Emerald wamba (Monotropa hypopitys)

Oimira amtunduwu ndi mbewu zosatha za herbaceous zopanda chlorophyll. Colouring - yoyera kapena yachikasu (nthawi zina yapinki kapena yofiirira), yemweyo pa tsinde, ndi masamba, ndi maluwa; Zomera zonse zimawoneka ngati sera. Emerald ndiwofala kwambiri m'nkhalango zamitundumitundu yosiyanasiyana - makamaka imakhala yodziwika bwino, komanso imapezeka m'nkhalango zosakanizika (mwachitsanzo, m'nkhalango za oak). Amamera munkhalango zamtchire - nthawi zambiri pamunsi pa conifers.

Phesi yowutsa mudyo, kutalika kuyambira 5 mpaka 25 cm, ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 0.5 cm.

Masamba osasinthika, amtundu, ofiira, ovate-oblong, pafupifupi 1.5 cm.

Maluwa pafupipafupi, mpaka mpaka 1.5 masentimita, belu lotalika-kutalika. Pa ecliptic monochromatic, maluwa ndi osakwatiwa, pa ecliptic wamba - kuchuluka kwa awiri kapena khumi ndi awiri, olumikizana bwino, otengedwa burashi wotsekemera. Calyx kulibe; nthawi zambiri pamakhala mabakiteriya awiri, pafupifupi wofanana kukula kwa petals. Corolla imakhala yoyera kapena yachikasu, yomwe imakhala ndi miyala inayi kapena isanu, iliyonse yomwe imafalikira pang'ono. Mphuno za monocots zimayimira izi. Nectar disc kulibe m'maluwa a emarodi (mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yambiri yofananira), komabe, papillae yochepetsedwa imatsala m'munsi mwa ovary. Stamens osakwana eyiti. Maluwa - kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka pakati pa nyengo yophukira (ku Europe mbali ya Russia - kumapeto kwa chilimwe). Chapamwamba. Kupangika kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo. Kuti awakope, chomera chimafalitsa fungo labwino ngati fungo la mandimu.

Chipatso - kapisozi (ovoid) kapisozi. Chipatso chake chikacha, burashi wopendekera, pomwe malowo anali, amawongoka.

Mbewu Poyerekeza ndi mbewu za heather wina, udzu wa tsered ndi wopepuka kwambiri, wofanana ndi fumbi (misa yawo ndi 0,000003 g), yokhala ndi "mchira". "Mchira" ndi unyinji wocheperako umafotokozedwa ndikuti mbewu zimafalikira ndi mafunde amlengalenga, ndipo m'nkhalango zowirira momwe mkulu amakulira, kuwomba kwamphamvu kumakhala kofooka kwambiri.

Emerald wamba (Monotropa hypopitys)

Mpaka posachedwapa, zimakhulupirira kuti emerald anali chomera cha saprophytic, koma bungwe lazakudya zake lidali lovuta kwambiri. Emerald, monga oimira ena ambiri am'banja la Heather, amakhala ndi vuto ndi bowa wama microscopic. Chidziwitso chapadera cha chidziwitso mu ecliptic ndikuti Hyphae wa omwewo bowa amalowa m'mizu ya ecliptic komanso mizu ya mitengo yoyandikana. Kudzera mu ma hyphaewa, mawu okometsera samalandira zakudya zokha zomwe bowa amatulutsa, komanso zinthu zomwe zimapezeka pamitengo (mwachitsanzo, phosphates) zomwe zimafunikira magwiridwe antchito, kuphatikiza kupangidwa kwa mbewu (pachifukwa ichi, epoch imatha kuchita popanda magawo opanga zithunzi) ; mukasinthana, mitengo imapyozedwa ndi mankhwala omwe amapangidwa ndi bowa.

Chodabwitsa china cha ecliptic ndichakuti bowa wam'maso otere amapezeka pafupifupi ziwalo zonse za mbewuyo: m'mizu, ndi kumizu, komanso m'maluwa.

Funso limakhala lotseguka ngati oimira genus Podielnik atengedwe ngati mbewu zamasamba.

Monophropa uniflora

Amwenye aku North America adagwiritsa ntchito emerald pochiza matenda amaso: adathira mankhwala kuchokera pachomera ichi ku conjunctiva wamaso. Ku Europe, emarodi idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ngati mankhwala pochiritsa chifuwa.

Mitundu Podielnik imaphatikizapo mitundu iwiri:

Monotropa hypópitys L. (1753) - Nthawi zambiri za emerald syn. Hypopitys monotropa Crantz (1766). Mitunduyi imapezeka m'malo ambiri otentha a Eurasia, komanso pagombe la Pacific ku North America. Ku Russia - ku gawo la ku Europe, Siberia ndi Far East. Ku mbali ya ku Europe ya Russia, mitunduyi imapezeka kwambiri m'malo omwe si chernozem. Mwambiri, mtunduwu ndi mtundu wosowa, koma nthawi zina umapezeka wambiri.
MasanjidweMonotropa hypopitys subsp.hypophegea nthawi zina zimatengedwa ngati mtundu wodziimira pawokhaMonotropa hypophega Wallr. (1822) - Crib bib syn. Hypopitys hypopheghea (Wallr.) G. Don (1834). Poyerekeza ndi emarodi wamba, muzomera zamtunduwu, maluwawo ndi okongola, ang'ono, omwe amatengedwa mu inflorescence lotayirira.
Monotropa uniflora L. (1753) - kadamsana wa Monocotyledon. Mitunduyi imapezeka ku Himalayas, East Asia, komanso ku North ndi Central America kuchokera ku Alaska kupita ku Panama, komanso kumpoto kwa South America (ku Colombia), pomwe mitundu yonseyo ili ndi mipata yayikulu. Zomera ndizosowa kwenikweni. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mtundu woyera, koma pinki ndi toyesa toyesa timapezekanso.