Pazifukwa zambiri, ma fern amatchuka kwambiri pakulima m'nyumba. Ma calcini amtundu wobiriwira, maiyi osema ndiwokongola komanso amakopa mawonekedwe, akumachotsa malingaliro pazabwino. Pali mitundu 800 ya ma fern akale. Asplenium ndi mtundu wa mbewu zotentha, zambiri mwa izo ndi epiphytes, zomwe zimakula mzoyimira ndi mitengo. Mitundu itatu ya asplenium yazindikiridwa mu chikhalidwe, chisamaliro chomwe chimapezeka kunyumba komanso m'malo obiriwira.
Agrotechnics of Aspleniums
Chofunikira kwambiri kuti maluwa asungidwe kunyumba ndikupanga nyengo yoti zikulire. Popeza kuti m'nyumba ndi anthu omwe adazolowera zinthu zina, kuyanjana pakati pazokomera kukufunika. Kusamalira asplenium kunyumba kuyenera kupereka:
- kuwunikira koyenera;
- chinyezi chokwanira cha mpweya;
- kusinthana kwa mpweya popanda kukonzekera;
- kutentha nyengo yotentha ndi nthawi yozizira;
- kuthirira, feteleza ndi dothi zofunika.
Ngati timabereka mwana, timamulera, ndipo pakupita nthawi popanda thandizo, ndiye kuti wofewapo nyumba amakhala wopanda thandizo, amafunika chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro. Zingopindulitsa kuchokera kukhalapo kwake mosamala. Tsamba lobiriwira lokhazikika ndi mbewu zodwala sizimapanga malo abwino.
Kupanga dimba lanyumba, muyenera kupeza malo azomera zonse kuti mulawe. Asplenium pakuwunika sakonda kuwala kwachindunji. Ndipo ngati nyumbayo ilibe mazenera akumpoto, ndiye kuti iyenera kuyikidwa mozama, osachepera 3 m kuchokera pazenera. Tikudziwa kuti masamba athanzi amatenga zinthu zoyipa kuchokera kumlengalenga, ndikumaziyeretsa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhala ndi wai wathanzi. M'makona amdima, duwa lisiya kumira ndikukula. Mwakuyeruzgiyapu, masamba ngakusinthika. Njira zokhazokha zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndikuwongolera kwa asplenium ndizomwe zimatsogolera kupambana!
Kuti mupeze chinyezi chofunikira cha chomera, pali njira zapadera. Chinyezi choyenera ndi 60%, ndi malo abwino kwa anthu. N`zosatheka kupanga zoterezi muzipinda ndi kutentha kwapakati. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito hydration yakomweko.
Tekinolo ya asplenia imafuna kupopera mankhwalawa pafupipafupi ndi kutsitsi labwino. Ngakhale nthawi yozizira, kunyowa kumayenera kuchitika kawiri pa tsiku. M'chilimwe, masamba amanyowetsedwa nthawi zambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa njira zimatengera kutentha kwake. Pafupifupi pazikhala zinthu zoyenera kusinthika. Zimatheka ndi evaporator, ma diapodi kuma radiators kapena pallet yomwe idayikidwa pafupi, yomwe ili ndi zida zopukutira - moss, dongo lotukulidwa. Mukapopera mbewu, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda okhaokha, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito madzi owiritsa.
M'chipinda chozizira, chinyezi chochulukirapo mu asplenium nthawi yachisanu chimatha kubweretsa nkhungu. Mosiyana ndi mbewu zina zokongoletsera, ferns amakonda ziwonetsero, koma amateteza waiyi kuti asakhudze. Chifukwa chake ndibwino kuti musawakhudzenso komanso kuti musauze chomera. Zotsatira za kusakwanira kwa chinyezi kumakhala kuyanika masamba, kusinthika ndi mawonekedwe a nsabwe za m'masamba. Ma aphid akuwonetsedwa ndi mtundu wa bulauni wa tsamba. Fern nsabwe za m'masamba sizipindika.
Asplenium amakonda kuthirira mosamala, wopanda bay. Dothi lanyumba liyenera kukhala chonyowa. Ngakhale m'chilimwe amathiriridwa madzi katatu pa sabata, nthawi yozizira monga amafunikira. Koma musanafike feteleza lapansi ayenera kukhala wothira. Patula mbewuzo pakumera masabata awiri aliwonse ndikupanga ferns mwapadera. Muli zina zowonjezera zachilengedwe ndi mchere wochepa wa mchere. Feteleza ndi yoyenera ficus, koma theka. Kuchulukitsa mchere wapadziko lapansi kudzatsogolera pakufa kwa mbewu. Madzi othirira amatengedwa ngati desaladed, kapena ofatsa mwachilengedwe ndi mpweya pang'ono.
Njira yabwino yothiririra pansi, pomwe chomera chomwe chili ndi potoyo chimatsitsidwa mu thankiyo ndikudikirira mpaka chinyacho chadzaza ndi chinyezi. Mundawo kwa maola angapo umapanga zofunikira kusefa madzi owonjezera. Madzi osefukira ndi chilala nawonso amawononga mbewu.
Chofunikira kwambiri pakusamalidwa kwa asplenium ndi mpweya wabwino wopanda zolemba. Monga mbewu zina zamtunduwu, asplenium salekerera utsi wa fodya mchipindacho. Zojambula za fern ossicles zimapangidwanso. Zomwe zimachitika posasungidwa m'ndende ndichimodzi - kuyanika masamba. Potere, mbewuyo imatha kumasulidwa ku mbale zouma ndikupanga chinyezi chanthawi zonse. Masamba ayambanso kukula kanthawi. Kungoti masamba abwino azidulidwa ali osavomerezeka.
Fupa silodzalidwa pomwe pakufunika thandizo:
- Kukula kwa masamba atsopano
- waiyi uyamba kutembenuka chikasu;
- pali kuyanika kwambiri masamba kutengera momwe angafunikire;
- Chotengera chija chimadzaza ndi mizu.
Nthaka ya asplenium imapangidwa mwanjira zofanana za peat, tsamba ndi turf lapansi, mchenga. Zothandiza zowonjezera zidzaphwanyidwa sphagnum, makala. Poika mbewu, sankhani kukula kwa mphika, koma osati lalikulu. Mpaka mizu itadzaza dziko lapansi, gawo la mtengowo silimakula. Zomera zazing'ono zimasinthidwa chaka ndi chaka, kwa akuluakulu, mbale zimasinthidwa ngati pakufunika. Nthawi yomweyo, chomera chathanzi chimadulidwa popanda chiwonongeko cha chikomokere ndipo gawo lakelo silimapangika.
Mizu yodwala imayenera kuchotsedwa komanso mabala atatulutsidwa. Pambuyo poyeretsa, chodwala chimafunika kuchilowetsa mumphika wawung'ono kuti pasakhale acidization wapadziko lapansi.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Kusamalira asplenium ndikuwunikira nthawi zonse momwe mbeuyo imakhalira. Ngakhale kuphatikizidwa kwapadera kwa madzi a fern mitundu, tizirombo ndi matenda atha kulowa chomera chofooka. Chifukwa chake, kuthirira kwambiri kumatha kuyambitsa septoria, imvi zowola. Malovu amatha kukhala chisonyezo chodyetsa kwambiri chomera. Malo oterowo ndi zotsatira za matenda a tafins kapena phyllostic. Mankhwalawa fungal kupanga matenda kumachitika ndi fungicides. Panthawi yamankhwala, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa ndikukudyetsa sikutsalira.
Zomera mlengalenga youma zimakhudza nsabwe za m'masamba ndi tizilombo tochuluka. Mutha kupulumutsidwa kwa iwo pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo kapena njira za anthu. Koma ngati nematode atavulala mu vayayas, ndiye kuti chomera choterocho ndi chovuta kuchiritsa, ndibwino kuchichotsa kuti tisapatsire zigamba zina zonse. Mutha kupeza nematodes ngati tsamba lomwe lili ndi bulauni wamkati limasungunuka ndikuyika pepala lakuda. Mphutsi zazing'ono, mpaka 1 mm, zowoneka pamtambo wakuda, zimayamba kutuluka m'mbale. Mutha kulanda vayi, kusiya kuthilira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwakanthawi, nthawi zina kumathandiza.
Mitundu yolimbikitsidwa yoberekera m'nyumba
Pomaliza, timatcha mitundu ya asplenium yokonza ndi kusamalira pakhomo ndiyo yabwino kwambiri. Asplenium chisa-ngati chomera chofala kwambiri pachikhalidwe. Epiphytic fern, imakhala ndi masamba akuluakulu mpaka mita, omwe amakula kuchokera pakati, ndikupanga fundeni. Chomera ichi chikufunika malo, chikukula mwachangu m'lifupi. Imatchedwa chisa chofanana ndi kuyika kwachilendo kwa mizu ndi masamba.
Aspenium lucifetifera ali ndi masamba a cirrus, amakula mwachangu kwambiri, masamba amakhala odziyanasiyana, opindika. Pa masamba ofunda, mbewu zazing'ono zimamera zomwe zimagwera pansi ndikuzu.
Asplenium anticum, kapena osaka, ndizofala. Ili ndi masamba a cirrus omwe amasuntha kumapeto kwake.
