Zomera za dicenter (Dicentra) ndizoyimira mtundu wa herbaceous perennials komanso zovomerezeka, zomwe zimachokera kubanja losaoneka bwino, banja la poppy. Anthu ambiri amadziwa chomera ichi chifukwa cha maluwa ake osazolowereka. Ku France, chifukwa cha izi, mbewuyi imatchedwa mtima wa Jeanette. Pali nthano yakale kwambiri yomwe amati maluwa amenewa adawoneka pamalo omwe mtima wa wosavutawo Jeanette udasweka, pomwe adamuwona wokondedwa wake akuyenda kanjira ndi mtsikana wina. Ku England, duwa lotere limatchedwa "dona kusamba." Dzinalo Lachilatini la chomera choterechi limapangidwa ndi mawu achi Greek, "Dis" - "kawiri" ndi "kentron" - chotumphukira, chifukwa cha dicenter amatha kutanthauzira kuti "spor-spore" kapena "duwa lokhala ndi ma spurs awiri". Zomera zidabwera ku maiko aku Europe kuchokera ku Japan mu 1816, pomwe zidatchuka nthawi yomweyo pakati pa aristocrat. Kenako mbewuyo idayiwalika kale, koma pakadali pano duwa liyambanso kutchuka ndi onse odziwa zamaluwa komanso akatswiri.
Zisonyezero
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 20 ya mbewu zotere, ndipo zambiri mwa izo zikukula ku North America, Far East, komanso ku East China. Kutalika kwa tchire kumatha kusiyana 0,3 mpaka 1 mita. Mbewuyi ili ndi nthangala yayitali, yomwe imalowa pansi. Masamba ake okongola a masamba obiriwira omwe ali ndi masamba obiriwira ali ndi kuwala kwamtambo, komanso ali ndi petiole. Maluwa ophwanyidwa pang'ono amakhala owoneka ngati mtima komanso ofiira ofiira kapena pinki. Dawo lawo ndi lotalika pafupifupi masentimita awiri, ndipo ali gawo limodzi mwa matenthedwe omwe amatha kukhala ndi burashi. Pa maluwa pa corolla ndi awiri a Spur. Chipatsocho ndi bokosi lomwe mkati mwake mumakhala njere zakuda zosalala. Amakhala otheka zaka ziwiri.
Momwe mungabzale poyera
Nthawi yoti afike
Adabzala poyera kuyambira masiku omaliza a Epulo mpaka oyamba - mu Meyi, komanso mu Seputembala. Mukabzala m'dzinja, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti duwa liyenera kuzika mizu bwino ndikukula ndi mizu nyengo yachisanu isanayambe. Zomera zoterezi, mutha kusankha malo owala bwino kapena omwe ali mumithunzi yaying'ono. Komabe, m'malo otentha, maluwa obowoka amatha kuwoneka mwachangu kwambiri. Mbewuyi itha kubzalidwe panthaka iliyonse, koma njira yabwino kwambiri chifukwa imakhala yopanda nthaka, yopanda madzi, yonyowa komanso yopanda michere. Nthaka yonyamula ikuyenera kukonzekereratu. Ngati mudzala chomera mu nthawi ya masika, samalani ndikukonzekera malo ake m'miyezi yophukira, mosemphanitsa, ngati kubzala kwakonzedwa kuti ikwane nthawi yophukira, ndiye muyenera kukonzekera malowo mu kasupe. Dziko lapansi liyenera kukumbidwa mpaka pakuya kwa bayonet ya fosholo, pomwe humus iyenera kubweretsedwamo (pa 1 lalikulu mita kuchokera 3 mpaka 4 kg ya feteleza), ndiye kuti dziko lapansi liyenera kuthiridwa ndi yankho la zomanga zakonzedwa kuchokera ku feteleza wa mchere (magalamu 20 a chinthucho mumtsuko).
Momwe ingakhalire
Gawo loyamba ndikukonzekera mabowo obzala maluwa. Dawo lawo ndi kuya kwake liyenera kukhala lofanana ndi 0,4 m, pomwe kuli kofunikira kuyang'ana mtunda pakati pa tchire - 0,5 mamita. Pansi muyenera kupanga ngalande yodutsa njerwa kapena miyala. Kenako dothi la dimba limatsanuliramo, lomwe liyenera kusakanizidwa ndi kompositi. Kenako mdzenje muyenera kutsitsa mbewu ndikuyiphimba ndi msanganizo womwewo wa dothi lanyowa ndi kompositi. Zikatero, ngati dothi ndi lolemera kwambiri, ndiye kuti mutha kuliphatikiza ndi mchenga, ndipo ngati mukulitsa tchipisi cha dothi, dicenter imangokulira.
Malo osamalira
Thirirani mbewuyo moyenera, ndipo muyenera kumasula dothi lapansi moyenera ndikudula namsongole munthawi yake. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mizu ya duwa imafunikira mpweya kuti ukhalepo bwino, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kumasula dziko lapansi. Mphukira zikangowoneka masika, zimayenera kuphimbidwa usiku, chifukwa chisanu chimatha kuwawononga. Iyenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ofewa. Nthawi yomweyo, pakakhala chilala, kuthirira kumayenera kukhala kowonjezereka kuposa masiku onse, koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kuthirira kwambiri kumatha kuyambitsa kuvunda kwa mizu. Zomera ziyenera kudyetsedwa pafupipafupi. Kumayambiriro kwamasamba, imafunikira feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni, ikayamba kuphuka, superphosphate imakhala yofunika, nthawi yophukira, pamwamba pa thunthu lozungulira liyenera kukhetsedwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mullein ndikulowetsedwa ndi humus. Ngati mukufuna kuwonjezera maluwa, ndikofunikira kuti mutenge maluwa omwe akuyamba kumera.
Thirani
Maluwa safunikira kuikidwa nthawi zambiri, chifukwa, popanda njirayi, itha kuchita kwa zaka 5-6. Pambuyo pake, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndiyikemo, ndikusankha tsamba latsopano. Kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri zilizonse, duwa liyenera kubzalidwa, ngati silinachitike, ndiye kuti mizu yoluka imayamba kuvunda, yomwe imatsogolera kuimfa yake pang'ono. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yophukira, maluwa atatha, kapena m'masiku omaliza a Epulo ndi masiku oyamba a Meyi, duwa lomwe lili ndi zaka 3-4 liyenera kukumbidwa mosamala, poyesa kuti lisavulaze mizu. Mizu ikauma pang'ono (imayenera kupukuta pang'ono), imayenera kugawidwa mosamala m'magawo a masentimita 10-15, pomwe iliyonse ili ndi impso 3 kapena 4. Magawo ayenera kuwaza ndi phulusa. Pambuyo pake, zigawo zimabzalidwa m'malo atsopano ndikuthirira. Ngati mukufuna chitsamba kukhala chobiriwira, ndiye kuti mumabzala kamodzi mutha kubzala zigawo ziwiri kapena zitatu za muzu. Ikani chomera chimodzimodzi ndikubzala.
Kubweretsanso zipatso
Zomwe zili pamwambazi zikulongosola momwe mungafalitsire mbewuyi pogawa chitsamba. Kukula duwa lotere kuchokera ku njere ndikovuta ndipo limagwira ntchito molimbika, komabe, ena olima matenthedwe ena amatembenukirabe njira iyi yoberekera, ndipo nthawi yomweyo pamakhala zochitika zambiri zolima ma dententres. Mbewu zofesedwa mu Seputembala, pomwe zidazo zimayikidwa m'malo ozizira (kuchokera ku 18 mpaka 20 degrees). Mbande zimayenera kuonekera patatha masiku 30. Mbewu zikakhala ndi masamba enieni awiri, ziyenera kulowa pansi panthaka. Pakusala nyengo yozizira, mbande zimafunikira pogona ndikugwiritsa ntchito kanema pamenepa. Chomera chomera ndipo chimayamba kutulutsa zaka zitatu zokha.
Mutha kufalitsa mbewuyo ndi cuttings kumayambiriro kwamasika. Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, kudula kumafunika kukonzekera, chifukwa izi, mphukira zazing'ono ndi chidendene zimadulidwa. Kutalika kwa zodula kumayenera kukhala pafupifupi 15 cm. Kwa maola 24 amawaika muzu womalimbikitsa mizu kenako nkudzalidwa m'miphika yamaluwa kuti muzu. Nthawi yomweyo, nthaka yopepuka ndi yonyowa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzika mizu, ndipo zodulidwazo zimang'ambika ndi mitsuko yamagalasi, yomwe imachotsedwa pakatha milungu ingapo. Akadula mizu, amathanso kuwaika m'mundamo pakatha miyezi 12.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Dicenter imakhala yolimbana ndi matenda, koma nthawi zina imadwalanso ndi zithunzi za fodya komanso mawanga. Mu lingaliro la kachilombo, mawanga ndi mikwingwirima zimawonekera pambale zazing'onoting'ono zazing'ono, ndipo pazomangira mphete zachikulire za utoto wamtundu wakale ndi mawonekedwe ataliitali, omwe ali ofanana ndi chithunzi cha masamba oak. Nthawi zambiri mbewu imayamba kudwala matenda a mycoplasma, chifukwa, maluwa ake amayamba kupindika, kukula kumachepera, ndipo mtundu wa maluwa amasintha kukhala wobiriwira kapena wachikasu. Popewa matenda, ndikofunikira kuthirira maluwa molondola, chifukwa chinyezi chambiri chimafooketsa chomera, ndipo chimatha kudwala. Ndikothekanso kuthira dothi ndi mawonekedwe a formalin ngati njira yodzitetezera, komabe maluwa amathanso kubzala m'nthaka mutatha milungu 4.
Mwa tizilombo pa chomera ichi, ma aphid okhawo omwe amapezeka. Kuti muwononge, chitsamba chimathandizidwa ndi Antitlin kapena Biotlin.
Pambuyo maluwa
Kutoletsa mbewu
Akatswiri salimbikitsa kuti azitola mbewu kuchokera kuma dicentres omwe ali pakati pa msewu wapakati. Chowonadi ndi chakuti m'mikhalidwe yotere sangathe kukhwima. Koma mbewu zokhwima zimakhala ndi kumera kochepa kwambiri.
Kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu
Mu nthawi yophukira, gawo la chomera lomwe limamera pamwamba pa dothi liyenera kudulidwa pafupifupi pansi. Ma hemp otsala ayenera kukhala ndi kutalika kwa 3 mpaka 5 sentimita. Ngakhale chomerachi sichigonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, chimafunikabe pogona nyengo yachisanu. Kuti muchite izi, umakonkhedwa ndi peat ya peat kuchokera 5 mpaka 8 mainchesi. Simufunikanso kupanga lingaliro lakuda, apo ayi mizu ingayambe kuwala.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Great dicentra (Dicentra eximia), kapena katswiri wapadera, kapena wabwino kwambiri
Dziko lakwawo limadziwika kuti ndi madera akumadzulo a North America. Wosatha choncho kutalika kumafika masentimita 20 okha. Amasamba owonda. Masamba okhala ndi masamba opangidwa ndi masamba a kanjedza ali ndi timing'alu ting'onoting'ono, pomwe ali mbali ya malo obisalapo oyambira. Madawo a maluwa apinki ndi pafupifupi 25 mm, ali gawo la inflorescence yozungulira, ali ndi mawonekedwe burashi ndikufika kutalika kwa 15 sentimita. Umayamba kutulutsa mchaka chachitatu cha Meyi, pomwe nthawi maluwa ndi miyezi itatu. Chomera ichi chimagwira kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu (chitha kupirira mpaka madigiri 35), komabe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwaza dothi lomwe likugwa ndikuyambira ndi mulch. Kupangidwa kuyambira 1812. Pali mitundu yoyera-yoyera.
Dicentra wokongola (Dicentra formosa)
Mitunduyi idabwera ku mayiko aku Europe kuchokera ku Britain. Pamenepo mutha kukumana ndi chomera kuyambira pakati pa California mpaka nkhalango zamvula. Kutalika kwa chitsamba kuli pafupifupi mamitala 0.3. Magawo a masamba obiriwira a kanjedza obiriwira amakhala ndi cholakwika pang'ono. Ali ndi petioles yayitali ndipo ali m'gulu la basal rosette. Kutalika kwa inflorescences kumayambira 10 mpaka 15 cm. Amakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi utoto wofiirira, awiri omwe ndi 20 mm. Maluwa amayamba m'masiku otsiriza a Meyi ndikupitilira mpaka kugwa. Amakhala ndi kukana kwambiri nyengo yachisanu, koma amafunikirabe nyumba yozizira. Kupangidwa kuyambira 1796.
Mitundu yotchuka:
- Aurora. Ma petals omwe ali pansipa ndi oyera pamtundu ndipo pamwambapa ndi opepuka pinki pafupi ndi peduncle.
- Mfumu ya mitima. Maluwa ofiira otuwa ndi masamba abuluu amtambo wabuluu.
Mtunduwu uli ndi subspecies - oregano dicenter. Amapezeka ku California ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Oregon. Maluwa ndi odzaza apinki kapena oyera ndi zonona ndipo ali ndi ubweya wa pinki. Fomu ya Alba imakhala ndi maluwa oyera.
Dicentra napellus (Dicentra cypria)
Koyambira kummawa North America kuchokera kumadera a Oregon ndi Washington. Ma Rhizomes amaphatikiza timiyala tating'ono. Masamba obiriwira otuwa bwino pang'ono amapanga mapilo kuchokera ku rosettes. Mapesi a maluwa ali pafupi kutalika kwa 0,3; ali ndi maluwa oyera okhala ndi maluwa otalika kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri mtunduwu umalimidwa kunyumba. Mtunduwu uli ndi mtundu wa Pittsburgh, maluwa ake ndi pinki. Posachedwa adawoneka mawonekedwe omwe ali ndi maluwa achikasu a mandimu.
Dicentra wokhala ndi maluwa okongola (Dicentra chrysantha)
Komwe kubadwira kwamtunduwu ndi Mexico, komanso malo otsetsereka a California (pamtunda wa mamita 1700). Kutalika kwa tchire kumatha kusiyana 0,45 mpaka 1.52 mita. Maluwa amayambira theka lachiwiri la nthawi yophukira ndipo amatenga mpaka masiku oyamba nthawi yophukira. Maluwa ake ndi achikasu achikasu ndipo ali ndi miyala iwiri yolowedwa modabwitsa. Mukabzala m'mundamo, chomera chake chimakhala chowoneka bwino; mwachilengedwe, chimamera msanga m'malo otentha.
Dicentra yokhala ndi maluwa amodzi (Dicentra uniflora)
Mutha kukumana zachilengedwe ku Idaho, kumpoto kwa Utah, komanso ku North America kuchokera ku Sierra Nevada kupita ku Washington. Chomera chotere chimadziwika kuti anthu amatcha "cowhide", chifukwa chili ndi mawonekedwe achilendo. Maonekedwe a maluwa amodzi amapezeka muFebruary-Julayi, pomwe kutalika kwa matenthedwe ndi masentimita 10 okha. Mosiyana ndi ma peduncles, timapepala ta cirrus timakula. Malingaliro awa ndi othandiza, koma ndizovuta kwambiri kuwasamalira.
Dicentres nthawi zina zimabzalidwa: zamtunda wotsika, zoyera komanso zachikuda.
