Chomera monga Adonis chikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi mtundu wa banja la Ranunculaceae. Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, mtunduwu umagwirizanitsa mitundu 20-45 yazomera zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimayimiriridwa ndi herbaceous perennials, komanso chaka chilichonse. Pazinthu zachilengedwe, amatha kukumana ndi madera otentha a Asia, komanso ku Europe. Zomera zoterezi zimakana kutentha. Adonis ndi dzina lachi Latin. Chifukwa chake adatcha maluwa kulemekeza mwana wa mfumu ya Kupro, monga nthano. Aphrodite adakondana ndi Adonis, koma adamwalira akusaka. Mwazi wa wachinyamata wakufa uja udapaka maluwa onse ofiira. Pankhaniyi, mwina nthano iyi imangogwiritsa ntchito adonis, wopentedwa wofiira, koma ndi ochepa. Koma pali mtundu wina. Chifukwa chake, mbewu iyi idatchedwa mulungu wa Asuri Adon. Adonis adayamba kutchuka kwambiri pakati pa olima masamba kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 17. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, maluwa oterowo amatha kupezeka nthawi zonse m'minda, maluwa, ndi m'mapaki.
Mawonekedwe a Adonis
Mphukira za duwa limakhala lopindika kapena losavuta. Udzu umapangidwa mobwerezabwereza ngati kanjedza kapena ma cirrus omwe amadzisungunulira m'mbuto zing'onozing'ono. Maluwa achizungu amakhala onyezimira ndi penti wachikasu wambiri, wofiyira kwambiri. Dawo lawo limasiyana masentimita 4 mpaka 6, ndipo ali ndi ma 10-20 petals. Amayikidwa kumapeto kwa tsinde. Zipatso zimayimiriridwa ndi timapepala ta masamba tomwe timaphatikizika, mphuno zawo zimatha kukhala zowongoka kapena zowongoka. Kumbukirani kuti gawo lililonse la mbewu lili ndi poizoni.
Kukula Adonis kuchokera ku Mbewu
Kufesa
Kumera bwino kwa mbeu ndikochepa. Pankhaniyi, kufesa poyera, ndikofunikira kuti mbewu zatsopano zikololedwe. Kufesa kuyenera kuchitika mu Novembala nyengo yachisanu isanachitike, pomwe iwo akuyenera kuzamitsidwa ndi masentimita 1-2. Koma izi zimangogwira ntchito kwa mitundu yomwe imakhala pachaka. Ngati mukusonkhanitsa mbewu kuchokera ku maluwa omwe ali ndi zaka 6-7 kapena kupitirira, ndiye kuti kumera kwake kudzakhala kokulirapo. Kuti ziphukidwe, pamafunika kutentha kwa madigiri 5. Ngati mbewu zomwe mudagula m'sitolo, ziyenera kufesedwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kumayambiriro kwamasika. Pofesa, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito dothi losakanikirana ndi mchenga (2 kapena 3 mbali), malo a turf (gawo 1) ndi humus (1 gawo). Mbande zoyambirira zimatha kuwoneka patatha masiku 14-20. Kubzala mbewu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumachitika mu nthawi yophukira ndipo chifukwa cha izi amagwiritsa ntchito mabokosi omwe amafunikira kuti adzazidwe ndi kusakanikirana komweko. Kenako bokosilo limatsukidwa pamalo abwino, ndipo chipale chofewa chimayikidwa pansi pa chipale chofewa. Mbewu zoyambirira ziziwoneka ngati nthawi yophukira itatha kutentha kwa madigiri 20. Komabe, pali mbewu zomwe zimapereka zikangotha miyezi 12.
Momwe mungasamalire mbande
Mbande zimafunikira kuunikira kowala, koma ziyenera kuphatikizidwanso. Akuwombera ayenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa. Chomera china chiyenera kuthiriridwa tsiku lililonse ndikumasula pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Mbeu zokulira amazidulira ngati pakufunika kutero. Chifukwa chake, pakati pawo pazikhala mtunda wa masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Komabe, ngati ndi Epulo kale, ndiye kuti kupatulira kungasiyidwe, chifukwa posachedwa mbewuzo ziyenera kubzalidwe panthaka. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kusinthanitsa kwa adonis kumakhala ndi nkhawa zambiri.
Kuyika mbande panthaka
Kubzala?
Adabzala poyera dothi lakhwima komanso mbewu zamphamvu. Chifukwa chake, nthawi ino ikhoza kugwa pa Epulo-Meyi kapena Ogasiti-Seputembala - izi zimatengera mwachindunji nthawi yomwe mbewuzo zidabwera. Komabe, muyenera kudziwa kuti kuti nyengo yachisanu iziyenda bwino, mbewu zimafunika kuzika mizu, ndipo izi zimatenga pafupifupi milungu 4. Adonis akhoza kukhala wamkulu m'malo opanga dzuwa kapena pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, mbewuyo imamverera bwino kwambiri m'malo onse pomwe dzuwa limawalira m'mawa, ndipo nthawi ya nkhomaliro imakhala mumthunzi. Zikatero, ngati mukufuna kuti maluwa akhale ochulukirapo, ndiye kuti mbewu zibzalidwe m'nthaka yoyera, yomwe ili ndi michere yambiri ndi laimu. Zabwino kwambiri ngati pH ndi 7.0-7.5.
Kuwulula
Pakati pa mbewu, mtunda wa 25-30 sentimita uyenera kuyang'aniridwa. Kukula kwa dzenje lobzala kumatengera kukula kwa muzu wa mbewuyo. Chifukwa chake, ziyenera kuchitika mwanjira yoti muzu womwe udayikidwamo umakhalabe wosalala komanso wosapinda. Zomera zobzalidwa ziyenera kuthiriridwa madzi, ndikuwazidwa ndi dothi la mulch (peat). Koma tizikumbukira kuti chaka chino mmera sudzaphuka mwachidziwikire. Adonis ndi wa mbewu zomwe zimamera pang'onopang'ono, pomwe duwa la zaka zinayi kapena zisanu limatengedwa ngati mbewu yabwino.
Adonis amasamalira m'munda
Kukula
Kuti mukule chomera chathanzi, chimayenera kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi zokwanira. Komanso, kusinthasintha kwa kuthirira sikudalira kuwuma kwa nthaka. Kutumphuka kwa dothi pamtunda kuyenera kuchotsedwa ndi kumasula. Zotsatira, mwadongosolo mbewu ziyenera kuumbidwa; chifukwa chake, masamba opatsanso mphamvu ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi dziko lapansi, ndipo amapezeka pansi pa tsinde. Adonis amafunikanso kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wophatikizira kwathunthu, koma izi zimachitika pokhapokha ngati pakufunika. Monga lamulo, kuvala pamwamba kumachitika maluwa asanayambe, komanso kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Kwa zaka 2 zoyambirira, maluwa omwe adawoneka sakulimbikitsa kudula maluwa, chifukwa ndi nthawi iyi yomwe masamba opangidwanso amayamba kupanga, ndipo sayenera kuvulala mulimonse.
Kufalitsa kwa Adonis
Adonis amatha kufalikira ndi njira ya mbewu (yofotokozedwera pamwambapa) komanso pogawa chitsamba. Tchuthi chazaka zinayi kapena zisanu zokha zomwe ndi zoyenera kugawika. Ngati palibe chifukwa chogawa tchire, ndiye kuti kuwunikirako kuyenera kupangidwa nthawi 1 pakatha zaka khumi. Zomera zomwezo kwa zaka makumi awiri. Mutha kugawa chitsamba mu Ogasiti kapena masiku oyamba a Seputembara. Komabe, izi zitha kuchitika mu nthawi ya masika, koma nthawi yokhazikika isanayambe. Chitsamba chimakumbidwa mosamala, mpeni wakuthwa kwambiri umatengedwa, ndipo muzu umadulidwamo. Gawoli lirilonse liyenera kukhala ndi mizu ndi masamba. Malo a zigawo amayenera kumetedwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndiye kuti amawokedwa m'malo okhazikika. Popeza izi ndi mbewu zomwe zimakula pang'onopang'ono, zopatsa zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zikhale zazikulu momwe zingathekere. Chowonadi ndi chakuti Delenki yaying'ono imadwala kwambiri ndipo pamapeto pake imatha kufa. Ndikofunikira kusamalira maluwa omwe agawanika komanso achinyamata zitsanzo. M'chaka chomwecho, maluwa adzawoneka patchire, koma adzakhala ochepa. Amalimbikitsidwa kuti achotsedwe kuti chitsamba chisawononge mphamvu zake pa iwo.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Maluwa oterowo ndi oopsa kwambiri, ndipo tizilombo zoipa, monga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana, timadutsa.
Adonis pambuyo maluwa
Kutoletsa mbewu
Mbewu zimakolola zikayamba kugwa, koma ndibwino kuti muzisonkhanitsa pang'ono zosapsa. Palibe nzeru kuyika iwo posungira. Pankhaniyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti asakanizidwe ndi mchenga wothira komanso kufesedwa panthaka.
Kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu
Zomera zotere sizigwirizana ndi nyengo yachisanu ndipo sizifunikira malo okhala. Koma izi sizikugwira ntchito pobzala mbande kapena Delenki zobzalidwa nthawi yophukira. Ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi peat, ndipo pamwamba muyenera kuyika nthambi za spruce. Pakatha chaka, amakhala amphamvu mokwanira ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kukhalako nthawi yachisanu popanda pogona.
Mitundu yayikulu ndi mitundu yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina
Mitundu ya mbewuyi imagawidwa muzaka ndi zipatso.
Zolemba
Adonis chilimwe (Adonis a festivalis)
Kapena "moto woyaka" - ukhoza kukumana ku Western Europe, Central Asia, komanso kumwera kwa gawo la Europe ku Russia. A Chingerezi amatcha mtunduwu kuti "diso la pheasant." Mphukira zake ndi nthambi, zowongoka kapena zosavuta. Amakhala ndi mizere yopanda phokoso, kutalika komanso kutalika kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 50 cm. Masamba omwe ali pamwambapa ndi osalala, omwe ali pansipa. Amakhala owirikiza kawiri kapena katatu m'misanja yopapatiza. Dongosolo lamaluwa amodzi limachokera ku masentimita awiri mpaka atatu. Kuphatikizika kwa perianth kumaphatikizapo masamba athyathyathya ofiira, omwe amakhala ndi malo amdima pakatikati. Maluwa amawoneka kuyambira Juni mpaka Ogasiti.
Adonis yophukira (Adonis annua)
Kapena Adonis wapachaka (Adonis automnalis) - mwachilengedwe amatha kukumana ku Mediterranean. Chitsamba chimafika kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 30. Pali masamba owonda motsatana. Maluwa owoneka bwino amapaka utoto wowala kapena wachikaso wofiyira, pomwe gawo lake lamtundu wakuda. Dawo lawo ndi mainchesi pafupifupi theka ndi theka, pomwe mafelemu awo amatsekedwa pamwamba. Maluwa amawonedwanso kuyambira mwezi wa June mpaka August. Kupangidwa kuyambira 1596.
Osamba
Adonis Volga (Adonis volgensis)
Mtundu wake wa bulauni wonyezimira ndi wakuda komanso wamfupi. Pali mphukira zochepa ndipo kutalika kwake kumafika pafupifupi masentimita 30. Nthambi zawo zimayambira pakati. Mphukira ndi masamba achichepere zimaphukira, koma duwa likafota kwa nthawi yoyamba, kupindika kumayamba kukhala kosowa. Masamba amafundidwa bwino ndi ma lanceolate okhala ndi ma line, omwe amavulala kumapeto. Mitundu ya maluwa ake ndi achikasu achikasu, pomwe masamba, omwe amakhala pamwamba pake, amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira.
Adonis Amur (Adonis amurensis)
Zimapezeka zachilengedwe ku Far East, komwe ndi komwe kunabadwira mtunduwu. Itha kupezanso kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China, Japan, komanso ku Peninsula ya Korea. Nthawi yamaluwa, chitsamba chimafika kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 12. Mtundu wotere wamtchire uli ndi timapepala takaleti tomwe timakhala ndi zipatso za petioles. Maluwa amatenga pafupifupi masiku 20. Maluwa amakula masamba asanafike. Amakhala otseguka komanso mainchesi mpaka masentimita 5, ndipo amawapaka utoto wachikasu. Masamba akaoneka, chitsamba chimafika kutalika kwa 35 sentimita. Konzani zamtunduwu kwa nthawi yayitali, obereketsa ku Japan adapanga mitundu yambiri yamtundu wake, momwe mumapezeka mitundu ina:
- Benten - maluwa ojambula amakhala opakidwa zoyera;
- Sandanzaki - pakatikati pa maluwa achikasu owerengeka wachikasu pali mitengo yaiwisi;
- Hinomoto - mkatikati mwa maluwa ndi ofiira, ndipo kunja kwake ndi mkuwa wobiriwira;
- Pleniflora - maluwa achitali amtundu wamtambo wobiriwira;
- Ramosa - maluwa okongola a bulauni.
Siberia Adonis (Adonis sibirica)
Kapena Adonis apennina - mwachilengedwe, mutha kukumana kum'mawa kwa chigawo cha Europe ku Russia, ku Mongolia, ku Western ndi Eastern Siberia. Kutalika kwa chitsamba kuli pafupifupi masentimita 60, masamba azigawo amagawanika pang'onopang'ono. Maluwa amakongoletsedwa achikasu m'mimba mwake kufika masentimita 6. Maluwa amayamba mu Meyi kapena June.
Adonis chiffi (Adonis villosa)
Pazinthu zachilengedwe, mutha kukumana ku Kazakhstan ndi Siberia, pomwe mtunduwu umakonda kumera m'mphepete mwa mitengo ya birch komanso pamapiri. Mtundu wofupikirapo umakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni. Mphukira ndizosakwatiwa, kumayambiriro kwa maluwa amatuluka kwambiri, mpaka kutalika kwa 15 cm. Mtengowo ukazirala, masamba opinimbira awiri amitundu itatu kapena yopitilira muyeso imakula, ndipo zimayambira zimachepera sentimita 30. Mtundu wa maluwa ake ndi achikaso chachikaso.
Golden Adonis (Adonis chrysocyathus)
Chomera choterechi ku Central Asia chimadziwika kuti ndi chimodzi chosowa kwambiri. Mtundu wamankhwala okongoletsera komanso wokongoletsa, womwe umakhala wofunikira kwambiri, umatha kupezeka ku Western Tibet ndi Kashmir, komanso pa Tien Shan. Mtunduwu udalembedwa mu Buku Lofiira Lapadziko lonse.
Adonis Turkestan (Adonis turkestanicus)
Ili ndiye vuto la Pamir-Alai. Chomera chilinso ndi mankhwala. Mbali zina za mbewu zomwe zili pamwamba pa nthaka, pali tsitsi lopotana. Danga lamaluwa amodzi limachokera ku 4 mpaka 6 cm. Pazipatso zamkatiwo pamakhala malalanje achikasu, ndipo kunja kwake ndi kwamtambo. Pa chitsamba choterocho, masamba, mazira ndi maluwa amatha kukhalapo nthawi yomweyo.
Adonis mongolian (Adonis mongolica)
Uku ndi kutha kwa dziko la Mongolia, ukukonda kumera pabusa lomwe latsala. Zithunzi pafupifupi 30 zitha kupezeka pachitsamba chimodzi, pomwe pali lachiwiri ndi lachitatu. Masamba oyambira amachepetsedwa, ndipo apakati sessile. Danga lamaluwa ndi pafupifupi mainchesi 5. Manda obiriwira obiriwira amakhala ndi utoto wofiirira komanso kufupika kwaufupi. Mtundu wa pamakhala ndi zoyera. Ataphuka, tsamba limatseguka.
Adonis masika (Adonis vernalis)
Maluwa amakongoletsa komanso mankhwala, amalimidwa kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 16. Mwachilengedwe, mutha kukumana kumapiri a Kum'mawa ndi Central Europe, ku Northeast Kazakhstan, ku Ciscaucasia, ku Western Siberia, komanso ku Crimea. Mtundu wambiri womwe uli ndi mutu wake ndi waufupi komanso wandiweyani. Pali mitundu yambiri ya nthambi zophukira. Poyamba maluwa, kutalika kwa mphukira kumayambira masentimita 5 mpaka 20, kenako amatambasulidwa mpaka masentimita 40-60. Pansi pa mphukira pamakhala timapepala ta bulauni, m'machimo awo kumasintha kwatsopano kumachitika. Foliate kanjedza ndi zoponda malire. Madawo a maluwa achikasu ndi pafupifupi masentimita 7; ali ndi miyala 12-16 yosalala. Maluwa amayamba kuyambira zaka 4-6 m'moyo m'masiku omaliza a Epulo kapena oyamba - mu Meyi ndipo zimatha kwa theka la mwezi.
