Hellebore (Helleborus) kapena "kuzizira kwa nyengo yozizira" ndi maluwa osatha ochokera ku banja la Lyutikov, okhala ndi mitundu yoposa khumi ndi iwiri. Mwachilengedwe, chikhalidwe chimamera m'malo otetezeka. Ndizachilendo ku Balkan Peninsula ndi ku Asia Little, kumayiko a Mediterranean. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa mbewuyi ndi 20-50 cm. Maluwa a Hellebore amamasuka koyambirira kwam'mawa, pomwe masiku ozizira ndi masana amatha, popeza amatentha kwambiri chifukwa cha chisanu. Maluwa amawoneka mogwirizana ndi mbewu zina zamasika - mamba, ma kopi, ma hyacinths. Omwe alimi ndi maluwa amalima maluwa amitundu yotchuka ya hellebore, yomwe imakhala yoyera ndi yachikaso, yapinki ndi yofiirira, yofiirira komanso yamdima yamdima. Mitundu ina imasiyana mu maluwa a terry ndi awiri-toni.
Duwa losatha limakhala ndi tsinde lofowoka lopanda mphamvu, masamba ofunda achikopa, ma pedicel amtali okhala ndi maluwa owoneka ngati kapu komanso chikondwerero chaching'ono. Chomera chosasilira chimalekerera kuzizira ndi kutentha, chisanu ndi chilala, chimakhala ndi zokongoletsa zapamwamba, koma ndi cha mbewu zapoizoni. Izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa pamene kukula kwa hellebore m'munda. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi "hellebore" Black "," Caucasian "," Abkhazian "," East "," Smelly "," Corsican "," Reddish "," Hybrid ". Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ndi Prexox, Pottery Will, White Swan, Rock ndi Roll, Wester Flisk, Violet, Belinda.
Kubzala kwa Hellebore
Kubzala hellebore
Nthawi yabwino yodzala hellebore poyera ndiyoyambira Epulo kapena pakati pa Seputembala. Moroznik mosiyanasiyana amagwirizana. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kusankha malo okhazikika pazomera, kuti musavulaze mtsogolo. Moroznik imatha kumera pamalo amodzi kwa zaka pafupifupi khumi ndi ziwiri.
Malo omwe akukula maluwa osatha kungakhale mumthunzi kapena pang'ono, pamalo oyandikira mitengo ndi mitengo yophukira. Zofunikira za hellebore m'nthaka ndizopepuka, chinyezi chochepa, zopatsa thanzi komanso zosagwirizana. M'malo a dongo, makina abwino amafunikira.
Mu infield, mmera umatha kukhala pafupi ndi mbewu zambiri zamera zamaluwa, koma zimawoneka kwambiri hellebore zobzalidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.
Momwe mungabzalire hellebore
Kukula kwa dzenje lofikira mbande ndi mainchesi 30 m'lifupi ndi kuya. Mtunda pakati pa malo okwera ndi pafupifupi masentimita 40.
Pakadutsa masentimita 15, dzenjelo limadzaza ndi kompositi, mmera umayikidwamo, ndipo pang'onopang'ono voliyumu yonse imadzazidwa ndi dimba la m'munda. Pambuyo podzaza dzenjelo, nthaka imapendekeka pang'ono ndipo kuthirira koyamba kumachitika.
Chisamaliro chakunja kwa hellebore
M'masiku oyambira 15 mpaka 20 mutabzala, mbewu zazing'ono zimafunikira chinyezi chambiri komanso pafupipafupi. M'tsogolomu, kuthirira m'magawo ang'onoang'ono adzafunika, koma nthawi zonse.
Chapakatikati, njira zodzitetezera zimatengedwa kuti zithandizire kupewa kutuluka kwa matenda osiyanasiyana opatsirana komanso fungus (mwachitsanzo, mawanga owononga). Masamba akale a chaka chatha amalimbikitsidwa kuti azichotsa isanayambike nthawi yamaluwa, chifukwa amatha kukhala matenda.
Alimi aluso amalangizidwa kuti mulch nthaka pambuyo maluwa maluwa. Mulch imayambitsidwa m'dera lozungulira mbewu. Kanyowa kapena nyemba zowola zitha kukhala bwino mulch.
Kusamalira dothi kumakhala kuchititsa kupalira nthawi zonse, kumasula mosaya.
Frostweed amafunika zakudya zina monga feteleza, zomwe zimayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri nthawi yachilimwe. Nthawi yoyamba kuphatikiza michere yama mineral, nthawi yachiwiri ya mafupa imalowetsedwa m'nthaka.
Hellebore pambuyo maluwa
Wachikulire wothana ndi kuzizira ndi chisanu safunikira pogona nyengo yachisanu, koma chitetezo choterechi kuzizira kwa nyengo yozizira sichitha kulepheretsa mbewu zazing'ono, makamaka m'malo okhala ndi chipale chofewa kapena nyengo yachisanu. Malo odalirika a maluwa azikhala masamba owuma kapena nthambi zonunkha zomwe zimabalalika m'mundamo kapena m'munda wamaluwa.
Kuswana kwa Hellebore
Kufalitsa mbewu
Njira yofalitsira mbewu imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi olima ndi olima dimba. Kucha nthangala za hellebore zimakololedwa m'masiku omaliza a June. Kuti mbewu zisamalire pansi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuvala matumba opukutira m'mabokosi azipatso, pomwe mbewu zakupsa zimagwera. Mbewu zofesedwa kumene zingabzalidwe mbeu nthawi yomweyo. Izi zidzafunika dothi lapadera la humus, lomwe kale limanyowa komanso limasulidwa. Kuzama kwa kubzala mbewu ndi pafupifupi ma sentimita 1.5. Mbewu yogwira ntchito iziyambira kumapeto kwa February - koyambirira kwa Marichi. Kusamalira ana ang'onoang'ono ndikumanyowetsa nthaka nthawi zonse. Kubzala mbewu zokhala ndi timapepala tokwana 3-4 tambiri kulowa pansi pamalowo, lomwe lili mderalo. Pamalo ano hellebore imalima kwa zaka 2-3, kenako imasamutsidwa kumalo okhazikika. Nthawi yabwino yosintha ndikuyamba kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Seputembala. Maluwa oyamba adzawoneka mchaka chachinayi.
Kubalana mwa kugawa chitsamba
Zomera osachepera zaka 5 ndizoyenera mwanjira iyi. Maluwa atatha, masamba a hellebore amalimbikitsidwa kukumba ndikugawa ma rhizomes m'magawo angapo. Malo odulira amayenera kuwaza ndi makala kapena makala okhazikika, kenako ogawikawo amatha kuwokedwa pabedi la maluwa kapena pabedi la maluwa m'mabowo okonzekereratu. Mitundu ina ya hellebore, mwachitsanzo, "East", yomwe imafalitsidwa pogawa tchire m'dzinja.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Moroznik amalimbana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina, tizirombo timawoneka, kenako njira zina kapena njira zapadera zamankhwala zimathandizira. Tizilombo chilichonse chili ndi chida chake chotsimikiziridwa komanso chothandiza:
- Nkhono ndi ma slgs adzayenera kusungidwa pamanja;
- Makoswe amatha kuwonongeka ndi poyizoni wapadera, yemwe amayenera kuwola m'malo omwe makoswe adawonekera;
- Aphid amwalira atatha kulandira chithandizo ndi Biotlin kapena Antitlin;
- Chungubwe chamadyedwe akudya masamba a hellebore chidzatha pambuyo poti kupopera ndi Actellik.
Tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono timakhala ndi matenda. Mwachitsanzo, nsabwe za m'masamba ndizomwe zimayambitsa kupenya. Zina mwa mbewu zowonongeka ndi matendawa zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zichotsedwe ndikuwotchedwa, ndipo mbali zotsalira zaumoyo ndi malo ena osavomerezeka ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi fungicides.
Zizindikiro zazikulu za anthracnose ndi mawanga azithunzi zakuda zakuda zofiirira pamapale a hellebore. Masamba onsewa amalimbikitsidwa kuti achotsedwe popanda chifukwa. Matendawa amatha kuthana ndi mankhwala apadera amkuwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera mbewu.
Powdery mildew ndizovuta kuchiza. Chomera chimasiya kukula, masamba atsopano amalekeranso kuoneka, ndipo omwe alipo kale adakutidwa ndi malo amdima mbali imodzi, ndipo pachimake pakatundu imvi, pambuyo pake amapindika kapena kupindika. Njira zopulumutsira mbewu zamaluwa ndikudulira kwathunthu kwa masamba onse owonongeka ndi kukonza ndi njira zapadera zamankhwala. "Previkur" ndi "Copper oxychloride" ndizothandiza kwambiri.
Nthawi zambiri kuwoneka kwa matendawa ku hellebore kumalumikizidwa ndi kuphwanya malamulo a chisamaliro ndikukonzanso. Zoyipa izi zimaphatikizira chinyezi chambiri munthaka, kusowa kwa michere, chilala chotalikilapo, chisankho cholakwika chobzala komanso malo osayenera a dimba la maluwa ndi ena.
Mwachitsanzo, maluwa otulutsa maluwa mosiyanasiyana amagwirizana ndi nthaka yokhala ndi acidity yayitali. Kuti mudziwe mulingo uwu, muyenera kuchita mayeso osavuta. Dothi laling'ono kuchokera pabedi la maluwa kapena bedi lamaluwa (supuni 1-2) limatsanulira pansi pagalasi lomwe lili patebulopo, ndikuthiriridwa ndi supuni ziwiri za viniga. Kuchuluka kwa thovu kukuwonetsa zikuwonekera zamtundu wamtundu, pakati - osalowerera ndale, ndipo kusowa kwa chitho kukuwonetsa kukhudzika kwa asidi. Potsirizira pake, ndikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa ufa wa dolomite kapena phulusa la nkhuni m'nthaka pamalowo.
Zothandiza komanso machiritso a hellebore
Mankhwala achikhalidwe amagwiritsa ntchito hellebore pochiza matenda ambiri. Chomera chowagwiritsa ntchito urolithiasis ndi cholelithiasis, pamavuto am'mimba ndi matumbo, ndi mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi, kudzimbidwa ndi rheumatism. Hellebore imakhudza shuga wamagazi, imakhala ndi okodzetsa, imalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi ndipo imathandizanso kupwetekedwa mutu, imagwira osteochondrosis ndi chimfine wamba, chimathandiza polimbana ndi oncology koyambirira ndikuyeretsa magazi. Mndandanda wazikhalidwe zakuchiritsa ukhoza kupitilizidwa kwanthawi yayitali.
Zopangira zazikuluzikulu zamankhwala achikhalidwe ndi muzu wa mbewu, pomwe ma decoctions ndi tinctures amakonzedwa. Koma chinthu chothandiza kwambiri pochiritsa ndi ufa womwe umapezeka muzu wouma wa hellebore.
Ndi maubwino ambiri a mankhwala osatha, munthu sayenera kuyiwala za contraindication ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe amawonekera ndi kusankha kwayekha kwamankhwala. Pambuyo pofunsana ndi katswiri pomwe ntchito za hellebore zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, popeza mumakhala zinthu zambiri zapoizoni.
